Scientists around the world have been studying the warming of waters in the Pacific Ocean known as El Nino （厄尔尼诺）. The appearance of El Nino is known to affect the weather around the world. Scientists still do not completely understand it. Yet they now find they can use it to tell about the future in different areas of the world.
One example is the work of two scientists at Columbia University in New York, Mark Cane and Gordon Eshel. A scientist of Zimbabwe（津巴布韦）, Roger Buckland worked with them. They have found that when El Nino appears, Zimbabwe has little or no rain. This means corn crops in Zimbabwe are poor. The last El Nino was in 1991 to 1993. That was when southeastern Africa suffered a serious lack of rain.
The scientists wrote about their recent work in the publication（出版物）Nature. Their computer program can tell when an El Nino will develop up to a year before it does. They suggest that this could provide an effective early warning system for southern Africa, and could prevent many people from starving.
小题1:El Nino is known as ___.| A．the changing of the weather in southern Africa | | B．the warming of waters in the Pacific Ocean | | C．the weather which brings drought（旱灾）to Africa | | D．the weather phenomenon（现象）that brings heavy rains to Africa |
小题2:Scientists study El Nino in order that ___.| A．they can provide a kind of early warning to the place that will suffer from drought | | B．they can tell why Zimbabwe has little or no rain | | C．they can do some research work in this field. | | D．they can put all this information into their computers. |
小题3:Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?| A．Scientists come to understand how El Nino appears. | | B．Three scientists from the USA work on this subject. | | C．Southern Africa suffered a serious drought and many people died from hunger. | | D．El Nino has something to do with Zimbabwe’s poor crops. |
小题4:Which of the following is NOT true according to the article?| A．The computer is used in this research work. | | B．Scientists know when an El Nino appears by means of the computer program. | | C．The scientists published their results of the research work. | | D．Nature is the name of the article written recently by the scientists. |
小题5:What’s the best title for this passage?| A．Appearance of El Nino is Predictable（可预测的） | | B．Drought in Zimbabwe | | C．Early Warning System | | D．Weather in Africa |
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小题1:B
小题2:A
小题3:D
小题4:D
小题5:A |
试题分析：科学家一直在研究厄尔尼诺现象。太平洋的部分水域变暖导致气候的变化。虽然不能完全理解，但是可以运用这方面的知识预测世界上不同地区的未来。把这一现象引起的灾难减少到最小。
小题1:细节理解题。根据文章第一句话可知，厄尔尼诺现象是太平洋的水域变暖。所以选B。
小题2:细节理解题。根据文章最后一句话可知，研究的目的是早想良策预防挨饿情况的发生。选A。
小题3:推理判断题。根据They have found that when El Nino appears, Zimbabwe has little or no rain. This means corn crops in Zimbabwe are poor.可知，厄尔尼诺和津巴布韦的农业欠收有关系。选D。
小题4:推理判断题。文中没提及文章的名字，所以D错，选D。
小题5:主旨大意题。文章介绍了对厄尔尼诺现象的研究以及采取相应的措施来应对。所以选A 。 |
核心考点
试题【Scientists around the world have been studying the warming of waters in the Paci】；主要考察你对
题材分类等知识点的理解。
[详细]举一反三
Three years ago I listened to a lecture on cognition that changed the way I think about intelligence. There are two types of cognition, and the first is normal cognition the ability to regain knowledge from memory. The second type of cognition is metacognition(元认知) the ability to know whether or not you know.
Does this affect intelligence? In traditional education, intelligence is measured by cognitive ability. Some people can easily produce everything they know on a test. But others are awarded with poor grades and considered inferior (not as good as). But does this inability make them any less intelligent? If the question came up on a task, they could refer to a book or a quick Google search. In reality they’re just as effective as the people that ace a test. They just can’t prove it as easily.
Metacognition is more important to success than cognition. A person with poor cognitive ability, but great metacognitive ability might do poorly in school, but when faced with a challenge, they understand their abilities and take the best course of action. For example, when faced with a question, a person with strong metacognitive ability will deal with it like this. If he knows the answer, but can’t come up with it, he can always do a bit of research. If he knows for sure that he doesn’t know, then he can start educating himself. Because he’s aware of his ignorance, he doesn’t act with foolish confidence. These people might not seem intelligent at first glance, but because they know what they know, they make better decisions and learn the most important things.
However, people with great cognitive ability but poor metacognitive ability may be considered excellent at a young age for acing every test and getting great SAT scores. Unfortunately, they’ve been ruined by poor metacognition they think they know everything but they really don’t. They are arrogant (overconfident), fail to learn from mistakes, and don’t understand the slight differences of personal relationships, showing disregard for persons with lower cognitive ability. They may make the worst decisions.
The most important mental power is the ability to know what you don’t know .The recognition of a fault is the first step to improvement. Don’t try to hide a lack of knowledge. For intelligent people this is the toughest lesson to learn.
小题1:People with great cognitive ability tend to ______________. | A．do well in tests | | B．be considered inferior | | C．be more effective than others | | D．do research when faced with a task |
小题2:The underlined phrase “take the best course of action,” probably means______. | A．starting educating himself | | B．taking action during the course | | C．making the right decision | | D．coming up with many ideas |
小题3:People with poor metacognition may not succeed because they ________.| A．lack basic moral values | | B．have improper self evaluation | | C．fail to communicate with others | | D．show little respect for others |
小题4:The author probably supports the idea that ___________.| A．intelligence is measured by cognitive ability | | B．cognition is the most important mental power | | C．the toughest lesson is to distinguish the two types of cognition | | D．the awareness of one’s ignorance contributes to one’s improvement |
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To master a language one must be able to speak and understand the spoken language as well as to read and write．Lenin and his wife Krupskaya translated a long English book into Russian．But when they went to England in 1980, English people couldn’t understand what was said to them．These days more foreigners are coming to China and more and more Chinese are going out to foreign countries to work or study．So the spoken language is becoming more and more important．Speaking, of course, can’t go without listening．If you want to pronounce a word correctly, first you must hear it correctly．The sounds of the Chinese and English language are not exactly the same．If you don’t listen carefully, you’ll find it difficult or even impossible to understand the native speakers．
Well, what about writing? Like speaking, it’s to exchange ideas．People generally use shorter words and shorter sentences in their writing．The important thing is to make your idea in your head and then to write it in clear lively language
Chinese students read far too slowly．If you read fast, you understand better．If you read too slowly, by the time you have reached the end of a page you have forgotten what the beginning is about．When you meet with new words, don’t look them up in the dictionary．Guess the meaning from the context．You may not guess quite correctly the first time, but as new words come up again and again in different contexts, their meaning will become clearer and clearer．If you look up every word, you’ll never finish a book．
Students of a foreign language need a particular knowledge, the knowledge of the life, history and geography of the people whose language they’re studying．They should study these subjects in the foreign language, not only in translation．In this way one can kill two birds with one stone: learn a foreign language and get some knowledge of the foreign country at the same time．
小题1:How many points are there in the passage?小题2:In his first point the writer told us| A．how to speak English | | B．how to read and write | | C．why spoken English is important | | D．why English people couldn’t understand Lenin |
小题3:In his last point the writer advised us| A．to kill two birds with one stone | | B．to learn two languages at a time | | C．to study all the subjects in a foreign language | | D．to get some knowledge of the foreign country whose language you are studying． |
小题4:“To kill two birds with one stone” means| A．to get some particular knowledge | | B．to get more than what one pays | | C．the stone is too big | | D．the birds are blind enough |
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阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A，B，C，D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
For centuries, magicians have used various ways to shock the audience. We all have seen how a 36 performer carefully steps 37 a bed of burning coals -- barefoot. Then he walks across 38 a single burn on his feet. Is it mind over matter, or is it just physics? As it turns __39 , walking on burning coals isn’t that hot as 40 . “The coals are hot enough to 41__ you, but if you walk quickly across them you 42 being burned.” says Jonathan Hall, a physician at Penn State University in Eric Pennsylvania.
That’s because some coals are made 43 burning wood chips. Wood has two 44__ properties（特性）for fire-walking, explains Hall. First, wood is an insulator（绝缘体）--it doesn’t __45 heat very well. “It 46 _ time for heat to travel 47 the wood to your feet.” Hall says. If the performer walked across red-hot metal 48 , that would truly be 49 , because metal conducts, or transmits, heat very well. The metal would 50 burn a performer’s feet.
Second, wood has a low specific heat-- it doesn’t take much heat to 51 its temperature. Heat is a form of 52 . Temperature is a 53 of heat, in units of degrees. So 54 the coals are hot, the value（数值）of heat energy they contain is low. Thus, a well-trained performer can 55 such an amazing result.
Still, you don’t want to walk on burning coals, do you?
| 小题1: | | A．daring | B．dare | C．rough | D．fearful |
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| 小题3: | | A．with | B．within | C．without | D．over |
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| 小题5: | | A．imagine | B．imagined | C．imagining | D．to imagine |
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| 小题6: | | A．fire | B．burn | C．light | D．flame |
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| 小题7: | | A．prevent | B．keep | C．ignore | D．avoid |
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| 小题9: | | A．ideal | B．classic | C．favorite | D．standard |
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| 小题10: | | A．transmit | B．communicate | C．bring | D．send |
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| 小题11: | | A．gathers | B．takes | C．gains | D．stands |
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| 小题12: | | A．through | B．into | C．over | D．pass |
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| 小题13: | | A．unhappy | B．unharmed | C．unhealthy | D．unprepared |
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| 小题14: | | A．charming | B．magical | C．tricky | D．fashionable |
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| 小题15: | | A．instantly | B．constantly | C．frequently | D．lately |
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| 小题16: | | A．produce | B．raise | C．construct | D．create |
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| 小题17: | | A．power | B．source | C．energy | D．strength |
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| 小题18: | | A．measure | B．rank | C．estimate | D．rate |
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| 小题19: | | A．what if | B．however | C．as if | D．even though |
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| 小题20: | | A．achieve | B．arrive | C．draw | D．take |
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Do you long for lasting camp memories? Sure we can guarantee it.
Shadow Ridge Summer Camps offer so many exciting things for campers to do. Unlike other camp programs that include horses as a small part of their program, at Shadow Ridge horses ARE the program ! We are 100% horse from stable（马厩）management, nature walks, and track rides to bedroom furnishings.
Horses help us achieve many of our aims. Girls can learn to develop responsibility, self-confidence and personal connections in their lives while having fun. Using horses as a wonderful tool for education, our camps offer an interesting place for growth and learning:
Imagine each girl having her very own horse to spend time with and a best friend to love and take care of. Each camper is responsible for a horse for the week. Our riding program provides a lot of riding and lesson time. Campers will learn how to take care of the horse and the tack（马具）, as well as how to ride. Days are filled with horse-related activities to strengthen the connection between each girl and horse, as the girls learn to work safely around the horses.
At Shadow Ridge we try to create a loving, caring family atmosphere for our campers. We have “The Bunkhouse”（4 girls）, the “Wranglers Roost”（4 girls）, and “The Hideout”（2 girls）in our comfortable 177-year-old farm house. All meals are home cooked, offering delicious and healthy food for the hungry rider.
Our excellent activities create personalized memories of your child’s vacation. Each child will receive a camp T-shirt and a photo album （usually 300-500 pictures） of their stay at camp.
Our camps are offered during June, July and August 2013, for small groups of girls aged13-16 years, not only from Canada but also other parts of the world.
We will send you full program descriptions at your request.
小题1:What is the main purpose of the passage?| A．To attract people to the camps. | | B．To talk about camping experiences. | | C．To describe the programs of the camps. | | D．To explain the aims of the camps. |
小题2:What do we know about the camp programs at Shadow Ridge?| A．Campers are required to wear camp T-shirts. | | B．Horses play a central role in the activities. | | C．Campers learn to cook food for themselves. | | D．Horse lessons are offered all the year round. |
小题3:The programs at Shadow Ridge mainly aim to help people ________.| A．understand horses better | B．enjoy a family atmosphere | | C．have fun above other things | D．achieve an educational purpose |
小题4:The passage is written mainly for ________.| A．horse riders | B．teenage girls | | C．Canadian parents | D．international travelers |
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If you are planning to study in the United States, you need to consider several factors. Everyone has different opinions about where is the best place to live in. Also, the best places to live in are not always home to the best schools. Finally, many schools specialize in different areas of study. The Massachusetts Institute of Technology, for example, is a great school for computer science and technology-related fields of study. However, if you want to study oceanography（海洋学）, your interests may be better served by attending school in a place that is on a coastline or near the ocean.
Now I am sure that you know which schools are considered the best in the country. So I will tell you about which states I believe are the best to live in.
California is a nice state. Northern California specifically has very good weather. Los Angeles in southern California is another story, though. Life in LA is full of excitement and fast, and sometimes dangerous. As for me, I enjoyed the time I spent in Massachusetts, Virginia and Maryland and these states have a lot of history and culture. The weather is not as perfect as Northern California, but it is still quite nice. My favorite area of America is the Mid-west. Middle America, I think, is home to the true American sense of values. In addition, there are many good universities there.
Also, you need to think about your likes and dislikes and then research the various states. You like sunshine and hate snow? Then you probably won’t like the Midwest or even the Northeast. Open space, nature and peace? Then you probably should stay away from America’s large cities. Are you interested in government? Then Washington D. C. is the only place for you. Whatever you decide, put some thought into it. The place you live in could be the difference between a great study-abroad experience and a state of great suffering on earth.
小题1:What, according to the author, should be considered first if you want to study in the USA?| A．The climate | B．The scenery | | C．The study condition | D．The living condition |
小题2:What is California like?| A．California is the best place to live in. | | B．California is the worst place to live in. | | C．California is a state with the largest city. | | D．California is a state with different climates. |
小题3: If you study in Middle America, you can probably _______.| A．find the best universities | | B．feel the real character of the nation | | C．meet the most famous professors there | | D．face more difficulties |
小题4: What can we conclude from the text?
A.All American famous universities lie in nice places.
B. Los Angeles is the most dangerous city in the USA.
C. Washington D.C. is the political centre of the USA.
D. It is always raining in the Midwest of the USA. |
