题目
题型：不详难度：来源：
Thanks to special bacteria in their stomachs, kangaroo flatulence(肠胃气胀)contains no methane(甲烷)and scientists want to transfer that bacteria to cattle and sheep who produce large quantities of the harmful gas.
While the usual image of greenhouse gas pollution is a billowing smokestack (烟囱) pushing out carbon dioxide, farm animals’ passing wind contribute a surprisingly high percentage of total emissions (排放物)in some countries.
“Fourteen percent of emissions from all sources in Australia are from enteric methane from cattle and sheep,” said Athol Kleve, a senior research scientist with the Queensland state government.
“And if you look at another country such as New Zealand, which has got a much higher agricultural base, they"re actually up around 50 percent, ” he said.
Researchers say the bacteria also make the digestive process much more efficient and could potentially save millions of dollars in feed costs for farmers.
But it will take researchers at least three years to isolate (分离) the bacteria, before they can even start to develop a way of transferring it to cattle and sheep.
Another group of scientists, meanwhile, has suggested Australians should farm fewer cattle and sheep and just eat more kangaroos.
The idea is controversial (有争议的), but about 20 percent of health-conscious Australians are believed to eat the national symbol already.
“It"s low in fat, it’s got high protein levels and it"s very clean in the sense that basically it"s the free-range (放养的) animal,” said Peter Amp of the University of New South Wales"s institute of environmental studies.
小题1:Scientists intend to put bacteria into cattle and sheep _________.
| A．so that they can make full use of special bacteria |
| B．to help Australian farmers to earn more money |
| C．so that they can protect Australian ecosystem |
| D．to prevent them from sending out harmful gases |
| A．cattle and sheep produce more carbon dioxide |
| B．less cattle and sheep are raised in New Zealand |
| C．farm animals are responsible for greenhouse gases |
| D．New Zealand has the most animals in the world |
| A．Australians should farm fewer cattle and sheep and just eat more kangaroos. |
| B．The bacteria could make the digestive process much more efficient. |
| C．Australians should give kangaroo - style stomachs to cattle and sheep. |
| D．The bacteria could save millions of dollars in feed costs for farmers. |
| A．it is rich in protein | B．it is cheaper than beef |
| C．it is high in fat | D．it is more delicious than sheep |
答案
小题1:D
小题2:C
小题3:A
小题4:A
解析
试题分析：文章主要是介绍了一项最近关于温室气体排放的研究。为了减少导致全球变暖的温室气体的排放，澳大利亚科学家目前正在想办法将牛羊胃变成袋鼠式的胃。袋鼠胃中有一种特殊的细菌能使其放的屁中不含有甲烷。科学家想将这种细菌移至牛羊的胃中，以抑制它们所排放的大量有害气体。另一组科学家建议澳大利亚人应少养牛羊，多吃袋鼠肉。
小题1:考查推理判断。从文章第一﹑二自然段“为了减少导致全球变暖的温室气体的排放，澳大利亚科学家目前正在想办法将牛羊胃变成袋鼠式的胃。袋鼠胃中有一种特殊的细菌能使其放的屁中不含有甲烷。科学家想将这种细菌移至牛羊的胃中，以抑制它们所排放的大量有害气体。”可推断得知D
小题2:考查细节理解。从第四段的句子：“Fourteen percent of emissions from all sources in Australia is from enteric(肠的) methane from cattle and sheep,” said Athol Klieve, 可知Athol Klieve认为,温室气体越来越多主要是因为农场的动物造成的。选C
小题3:猜词题：从上面第八段的内容：Another group of scientists, meanwhile, has suggested Australians should farm fewer cattle and sheep and just eat more kangaroos.可知另一组科学家建议澳大利亚人应少养牛羊，多吃袋鼠肉。这里的另外一种想法就是这个，选A。
小题4:细节题：从最后一段的句子：“It"s low in fat, it’s got high protein levels and it"s very clean in the sense that basically it"s the free-range (放养的) animal,” 可知Peter Amp 认为袋鼠肉富含蛋白质，选A
核心考点
试题【Australian scientists are trying to give kangaroo-style stomachs to cattle and s】；主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
London
London’s flood defences are getting older. Since 1982, the Thames Barrier(水闸)has protected the city from the threat of flooding, but it was only designed to last until 2030 and close once every two or three years. About 26 years later the barrier now closes five or six times a year and according to Environment Agency predictions, by 2050 the barrier will be closed on almost every tide if the problem is not addressed.
There are 26 underground stations, 400 schools, 16 hospitals, an airport and 80 billion worth of property in London’s flood risk area, so large scale flooding would be disastrous.
Paris
Over a six week period in July and August 2003, more than 1 1,400—mainly elderly people—died in France from dehydration(脱水)and extremely high body temperature in a deadly heat wave. Heat waves of similar intensity(强度)are expected every seven years by 2050, so what can be done to make sure such a disaster does not happen again?
One solution is to have air-conditioners installed in elderly care homes. But this is considered a short-term solution, as the increase in demand for electricity also increases carbon emissions(排放).
In Paris the local authorities are encouraging architects to design new types of buildings such as the building “Flower Tower,” which uses a covering of bamboo to act as a natural air-conditioner.
Shanghai
Shanghai is the fastest growing city on Earth. It has a population of 18 million and is only 4 meters above sea level. Sea levels are predicted to rise by 20 cm within the next century.
An estimated 250，000 people move to Shanghai every year in search of work, placing extra demands on energy consumption. China relies heavily on coal—fired power stations, but these emissions increase temperatures and, in turn, warmer seas increase the risk of typhoons.
小题1:What problem should be settled now in London?
| A．How to protect the city’s property |
| B．Where to build its flood defences |
| C．How to use the Thames Barrier to protect the city |
| D．How to improve the function of the old flood defences |
| A．Putting up new types of buildings with a covering of bamboo |
| B．Having air-conditioners installed in elderly care homes |
| C．Forbidding the city to build“Flower Tower” |
| D．Encouraging architects to design new types of buildings |
| A．increasing population and coal-fired power stations |
| B．rising sea levels and typhoons |
| C．extremely high temperature and rising sea levels |
| D．extra demands on energy consumption and typhoons |
| A．to tell us how to protect the big cities |
| B．to give advice on how to defend natural disasters |
| C．to explain what causes flood and heat waves |
| D．to warn us of the increasing natural disasters in big cities |
| A．Big Cities Facing Big Disasters |
| B．Big Disasters in the Future |
| C．The Increase of Natural Disasters |
| D．Solutions to Natural Disasters |
In a study published last month in the journal Science, Peter Ungar of the University of Arkansas and his partner, Matt Sponheimer of the University of Colorado, US, examined the teeth of our early human ancestors to find out what they were really eating.
They already knew that different foods cause different marks on teeth. Some cause scratches, while others cause pits (坑).The carbon left on teeth by different foods is also different. Tropical grasses, for example, leave one kind of carbon, but trees leave another kind because they photosynthesized ( 光合作用 ) differently.
Traditionally, scientists had looked at the size and shape of teeth and skulls ( 头骨 ) to figure out what early humans ate. Big flat teeth were taken to be signs that they ate nuts and seeds, while hard and sharp teeth seemed good for cutting meat and leaves. But this was proven wrong.
The best example was the Paranthropus (傍人), one of our close cousins, some of which lived in eastern Africa. Scientists used to believe Paranthropus ate nuts and seeds because they had big crests(突起)on their skulls, suggesting they had large chewing muscles and big teeth. If this had been true, their teeth should have been covered with pits like the surface of the moon. They would also have had a particular type of carbon on their teeth that typically comes from tree products, such as nuts and seeds.
However, when the two scientists studied the Paranthroupus, it turned out to have none of these characteristics. The teeth had a different kind of carbon, and were covered with scratches, not pits. This suggests they probably ate grass, not nuts and fruit stones. It was the exact opposite of what people had expected to find.
Carbon “foodprints” give us a completely new and different insight into what different species ate and the different environments they lived in. If a certain species had the kind of carbon on its teeth that came from grasses, it probably lived in a tropical grassland, for example.
小题1:The underlined sentence in Paragraph 1 probably means that _____.
| A．anthropologists can study the structure of human stomachs by studying their teeth. |
| B．anthropologists can study the diet of early humans by studying their teeth |
| C．anthropologists can learn whether humans were healthy by looking at their teeth |
| D．anthropologists can get the most useful information about humans from their teeth |
| A．Scratches on teeth are caused by eating nuts or seeds. |
| B．Pits on teeth are caused by eating grass or leaves. |
| C．Early humans with hard and sharp teeth ate meat and leaves. |
| D．Different foods leave different marks and carbon on teeth. |
| A．tell readers that they are one of our close cousins living in eastern Africa |
| B．tell readers they had different eating habits from modern humans |
| C．prove that size and shape of skulls does not show accurately what early humans ate |
| D．tell readers that living environment makes a difference to skull structure |
EarthKAM is an educational activity and outreach(扩展)investigation that also results in remote Earth sensing and observation. Using the Internet, the students control a special digital camera fixed aboard the space station, enabling them to photograph the Earth"s coastlines, mountain ranges and other geographic items of interest from the unique advantage point of space.
While EarthKAM offers a powerful way for students to investigate Earth from the unique perspective of space, it is also inspiring the next generation of flight controllers for space programs—involving university students to control and operate the camera system and related activities from the ground.
In the interview, Brion Au, one of the investigation developers at NASA"s Johnson Space Centre, said，“EarthKAM is a payload(有效载荷)by students, for students. They are in charge. This system provides a viewpoint that the astronauts have...it"s just aweinspiring！”So far, students have captured more than 40,000 photos of the Earth from the space station as it orbited the Earth once every 90 minutes, traveling at 17,500 miles an hour. The team at EarthKAM posts these photographs online for the public and participating classrooms around the world to view.
Au explains that this education investigation is inspiring students to explore the world by examining Earth, while promoting social studies, art, geography, science, technology, and math, among other important lessons involving research and teamwork. EarthKAM was started by Dr. Sally Ride, originally flying on the shuttles. The camera is located in the window Observational Research Facility, also known as the WORF, one of many the station"s research facilities.
小题1:How have thousands of students experienced similar excitement as astronauts?
| A．In the space station. | B．In the spaceship. |
| C．Using a camera system. | D．Teaming up with astronauts. |
| A．Computer. | B．Recorder. | C．Telephone. | D．Radios. |
| A．University students" controlling the camera system. |
| B．University students" operating the camera system. |
| C．University students" related activities from the ground. |
| D．University students" investigating Earth from space. |
| A．The astronauts. | B．The students. |
| C．The investigation developers. | D．The teachers. |
| A．DR.Sally Ride explains the details of EarthKAM |
| B．Why the team at EarthKAM posts these photographs online. |
| C．EarthKAM provides a viewpoint that the astronauts have. |
| D．Brion Au explains the details of EarthKAM. |
Yet despite that, reading is increasingly unpopular among children. According to statistics, in 1997 23% said they didn’t like reading at all. In 2003, 35% did. And around 6% of children leave primary school each year unable to read properly.
Maybe the decline is caused by the increasing availability of computes games. Maybe the books boom has affected only the top of the educational pile. Either way, Chancellor Gordon Brown plans to change things for the bottom of the class .In his pre-budget report, he announced the national project of Reading Recovery to help the children struggling most.
Reading Recovery is aimed at six-year-olds, who receive four months of individual daily half-hour classes with a specially trained teacher. An evaluation earlier this year reported that children on the scheme made 20 months’ progress in just one year, whereas similarly weak readers without special help made just five months’ progress, and so ended the year even further below the level expected for their age.
International research tends to find that when British children leave primary school they read well, but read less often for fun than those elsewhere. Reading for fun matters because children who are keen on reading can expect lifelong pleasure and loving books is an excellent indicator of future educational success. According to the OECD, being a regular and enthusiastic reader is of great advantage.
小题1:Which of the following is true of Paragraph 1?
| A．Many children’s books have been adapted from films. |
| B．Many high-quality children’s books have been published. |
| C．The sales of classics have led to the popularity of films. |
| D．The sales of presents for children have increased. |
| A．the number of top students increased with the use of computers |
| B．a decreasing number of children showed interest in reading |
| C．a minority of primary school children read properly |
| D．a large percentage of children read regularly |
| A．An evaluation of it will be made sometime this year. |
| B．Weak readers on the project were the most hardworking. |
| C．It aims to train special teachers to help children with reading. |
| D．Children on the project showed noticeable progress in reading. |
| A． take greater advantage of the project |
| B．show the potential to enjoy a long life |
| C．are likely to succeed in their education |
| D．would make excellent future researchers |
| A．to overcome primary school pupils’ reading difficulty |
| B．to encourage the publication of more children’s books |
| C．to remind children of the importance of reading for fun |
| D．to introduce a way to improve early children reading |
Another advantage is that Mr. Leachim is flexible. If the children need more time to do their lessons they can move switches. In this way they can repeat Mr. Leachim’s lesson over and over again. When the children do a good job, he tells them something interesting about their hobbies. At the end of the lesson the children switch Mr. Leachim off.
小题1:The first paragraph of the passage tells us
| A．human beings are not as smart as robots |
| B．robots will take the place of man to rule the earth |
| C．we can only use robots to do some regular jobs |
| D．robots can help people in many different ways |
| A．To meet the needs of each student. |
| B．To talk to the students in different languages. |
| C．To keep everyone’s interest in his lessons. |
| D．To introduce more hobbies to the children. |
| A．not strict | B．not hard |
| C．suitable | D．changeable |
A. There are 250 robot teachers in the United States.
B. Mr. Leachim is run and controlled by electricity.
C. Bobby works in a large office building in Washington D.C.
D. The lessons taught by Mr. Leachim are given on a TV set.
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