题目
题型：不详难度：来源：
Lead researcher Bob Stickgold at the Harvard Medical School said, "Sleep helps us draw rules from our experiences. It"s like knowing the difference between dogs and cats even if it"s hard to explain."
The US research team studied how well students remembered connections between words and symbols (象征) , reports New Scientist. They compared how the students performed if they had had a sleep between seeing the words and having the test, and if they had not slept. They found that people were better able to remember lists of related words after a night"s sleep than after the same time spent awake during the day. They also found it easier to remember themes (主题) that the words had in common. But they forgot around one in four more themes if they had been awake. Prof. John Groeger, of Surrey University"s Sleep Research Centre, said, "People have been trying for years to find out what the purpose of sleep is, as we know that only certain parts of it have a restorative (有助恢复的) value. " "We form and store huge numbers of experiences in the head every day, and sleep seems to be the way the brain deals with it all."
小题1:The phrase" to sleep on a problem" in Paragraph 1 most likely means to______.
| A．pay full attention to a problem | B．wait until later for a decision |
| C．sleep to forget a problem | D．have difficulty sleeping |
| A．put together words of similar meanings |
| B．remember words and their meanings |
| C．show their knowledge of words |
| D．make up lists of related words |
| A．Themes learned right before the test |
| B．Rules from personal experience |
| C．Words learnt before a good sleep |
| D．Ideas stored together in the brain |
| A．It shows sleep may help us manage information |
| B．It helps find out the common themes of word |
| C．It tells us that more sleep can improve health |
| D．It proves the value of old-fashioned advice |
答案
小题1:B
小题2:B
小题3:C
小题4:A
解析
试题分析： 本文讲述的睡眠对人的记忆的影响，在睡觉之前背诵的东西，醒了以后更加容易被记得。
小题1:.B 推理题。根据本句Scientists say they now have proof to support the old-fashioned advice that it"s best to sleep on a problem.是指带着问题入睡，也就是指暂时无法解决问题，或者记不住，或想不起来。要等到醒了以后再说。故B项符合上下文。
小题2:B 推理题。根据第3段2,3,4行. They compared how the students performed if they had had a sleep between seeing the words and having the test, and if they had not slept. They found that people were better able to remember lists of related words after a night"s sleep than after the same time spent awake during the day可知这个研究主要是针对单词和象征之间的联系。研究学生在睡着以后，再醒来和一直醒着。哪一种记忆的效果更好。故B正确。
小题3:C 细节题。根据第三段4,5行They found that people were better able to remember lists of related words after a night"s sleep than after the same time spent awake during the day.可知在睡觉之前背诵的单词更容易被记住。故C正确。
小题4:A 推理题。根据文章最后4行"People have been trying for years to find out what the purpose of sleep is, as we know that only certain parts of it have a restorative (有助恢复的) value. " "We form and store huge numbers of experiences in the head every day, and sleep seems to be the way the brain deals with it all."可知睡眠可以帮助我们管理好信息，帮助我们记忆。故A正确。
核心考点
试题【Scientists say they now have proof to support the old-fashioned advice that it"s】；主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
Mr Bebber wanted to know if the same thing was happening with organisms that attack agricultural crops. He examined reports of first sightings of new insects and diseases around the world. The records came from CABI - the Centre for Agricultural Bioscience International. He says the group began collecting information from developing and industrialized countries years ago.
Dan Bebber and his research team studied 612 different organisms - from viruses and bacteria to insects like beetles and butterflies. They found that since 1960, crop pests and diseases have been moving toward the poles at an average rate of about 3 kilometers each year. Mr Bebber says this puts the most productive farmland in the world in danger.
"As new species of pests and diseases evolve and potentially the environment for them becomes more amenable at higher latitudes, the pressure on the breadbaskets of the world is going to increase."
Farmers face other threats. Invasive species passed through trade are also causing problems. Gene Kritsky is an Entomologist at the College of Mount St. Joseph in Ohio. He specialises in the study of insects. He says climate change may improve conditions for some invasive species.
“It means that species in other parts of the world that might do well in warmer temperatures can now do well in the breadbasket of America.”
Another Entomologist Christian Krupke of Purdue University says the effects of these changes will depend very much on the crop, the insect and the disease. But he says the research is a warning sign that people should care about climate change and do something about it.
小题1:The purpose of Dan Bebber’s research was to find ______.
| A．if farmland could be moved to colder places thanks to global warming |
| B．if diseases and insects harmful to crops were going towards colder areas |
| C．if organisms were moving to the north and south poles |
| D．if the number of crop pests was increasing |
| A．it will be hard for farmers to kill them |
| B．the most productive farmland will produce more crops |
| C．the earth will not produce enough food to support the world |
| D．the conditions for some crops may be improved |
| A．Climate change helps crop pests to adapt to new environment. |
| B．Foreign species are brought in by trade. |
| C．Invasive species doing well in warmer places might do well in America. |
| D．The impacts of the climate and species changes on crops are not easy to determine. |
| A．agreeable | B．terrible | C．unfriendly | D．changeable |
Make reading fun. Play games with your child as you read. Many traditional children"s games can be adapted to encourage reading skills.
While reading or during play, tell your child, "I spy with my little eye, something that begins with the letter "b". Help the child find something on the page or in the room that begins with that letter. For example, “I see a barn.” This can also be used to teach beginning letter sounds.Ｉspy with my little eye something that begins with the sound “s”. Help the child find a word that begins with the "s" sound.
In this variation on the popular game, instruct the child that, "Simon says, point to something that starts with the letter "n". The child can then find an object in the room or a body part, such as the nose, that starts with the letter presented. This can also be used to teach beginning sounds.
Make a game out of rhyming (押韵) words by making up silly words to rhyme with the child"s name or favorite toys. This sets the stage for rhyming real words by showing the child the similarities of sounds. As the child masters making up the words, begin rhyming real words to one another.
Tips to raise a successful reader:
Put books in places where the child plays. If books are easily accessible, children are more likely to pick them up.
Let children "read to you" by looking at pictures. Making up stories to go along with illustrations helps children discover how words relate to pictures.
Take books along on trips or even short visits to the doctor"s office or grocery store.
Have children help you shop. Reading grocery lists and looking for specific items helps build vocabulary.
小题1: Which of the following statements is TRUE?
| A．A good reading habit can benefit your child at school. |
| B．Computer games help children develop reading skills. |
| C．You should be careful as for what books to read. |
| D．Children enjoy reading poems to their parents. |
| A．available | B．beneficial | C．readable | D．worthwhile |
| A．The most important thing is to make reading funny. |
| B．Children have a preference for stories with pictures. |
| C．Rhyming games should begin only with real words. |
| D．Children tend to read more if books are at hand. |
| A．Interest is the best teacher |
| B．Practice makes perfect |
| C．Good methods are half done |
| D．Failure teaches success |
| A．Parents. | B．Adolescents. | C．Educators. | D．People in general. |
H. G. Wells could only imagine a travel to the moon. In 1969, human beings really left their footsteps on the moon. People today know that there are no underground cities on the moon. However, the question that the “moon people” asked is still an interesting one. A growing number of scientists are seriously thinking about it.
Underground systems are already in place. Many cities have underground car parks. In some cities, such as Tokyo, Seoul and Montreal, there are large underground shopping areas. The “Channel”, a tunnel connecting England and France, is now complete.
But what about underground cities? Japan’s Taisei Corporation is designing a network of underground systems, called “Alice Cities”. The designers imagine using surface space for public parks and using underground space for flats, offices, shopping, and so on. A solar dome (太阳能穹顶) would cover the whole city.
Supporters of underground development argue that building down rather than building up is a good way to use the earth’s space. The space, they say, can be used for farms, parks, gardens, and wilderness. H. G. Wells’ “moon people” would second it. Would you?
小题1:The explorers in H. G. Well’s story were surprised to find that the “moon people” .
| A．knew so much about the earth |
| B．understood their language |
| C．lived in underground cities |
| D．were advanced in technology |
| A．Discovering the moon’s inner space |
| B．Using the earth’s inner space |
| C．Meeting the “moon people” again |
| D．Traveling to outer space |
| A．Offices, shopping areas, power stations. |
| B．Tunnels, car parks, shopping areas. |
| C．Gardens, car parks, power stations. |
| D．Tunnels, gardens, offices. |
| A．H. G. Wells once went to moon himself. |
| B．Underground cities are more comfortable. |
| C．The solar dome is a necessary part of underground cities. |
| D．More underground systems will be in place in 2013. |
| A．Alice Cities — cities of the future |
| B．Space travel with H. G. Wells |
| C．Enjoy living underground |
| D．Building down, not up |
Over the years, major breakthroughs have been made in science and many phenomena have been explained. But still, there are always questions we can"t yet answer, and The Guardian has listed some of them.
1. What makes us human?
Just looking at your DNA won"t tell you - human DNA is 99 percent identical to that of the chimpanzee and, believe it or not, 50 percent identical to a banana"s! A lot of the things we once thought were unique about us - language and tool use, recognizing ourselves in the mirror and so on – have since been seen in other animals. Perhaps it"s our culture that makes the difference or maybe our ability to use fire. It"s also possible that our capacity (能力) for co-operation and our trading skills are what make us unique.
2. Why do we dream?
Given the fact that we spend around a third of our lives sleeping, shouldn"t we know everything about it? Unfortunately, scientists are still searching for a complete explanation of what happens when we sleep and why we dream.
Austrian psychologist Sigmund Freud believed dreams were the expressions of wishes that we can"t fulfill in our real lives. Others have wondered whether dreams are just random "noise" coming from a sleeping brain.
3. Could we someday live forever?
Apart from accidents, most people die because of diseases that can be treated and aging. And since many diseases, such as diabetes（糖尿病） and cancer, are diseases of aging, treating aging itself could be the key to extending our lives.
Our knowledge of what causes us to age - and what allows some animals to live longer than others - is expanding rapidly. And though we haven"t quite worked out all the details, we"ve worked out some pieces of the puzzles such as DNA damage and metabolism (新陈代谢), which are all leading to the invention of drugs that can slow down the aging process.
If we"re lucky enough to lengthen our lives, we might even get to see the day when all of these questions are answered.
小题1:The main point of the passage is ______.
| A．to inform people of the knowledge about the universe and nature |
| B．to introduce major breakthroughs that have been made in science |
| C．to present some questions we can"t yet answer |
| D．to explain what were once mysteries to our ancestors |
| A．human beings are actually not different from other animals |
| B．animals have completely different DNA from that of plants |
| C．both animals and plants share the same amount of DNA |
| D．DNA alone is not good enough to make humans different |
| A．mysterious | B．unique | C．advanced | D．same |
| A．What were mysteries to our ancestors are considered to be common sense now. |
| B．Now we know much more about dreams than our ancestors did in the past. |
| C．With the invention of new drugs people can possibly live even longer. |
| D．If all the diseases can be treated people can theoretically live forever. |
Researchers in human nutrition at the University of Otago have found that teenage boys who sleep less have more body fat when compared to girls, for whom lack of sleep has no noticeable effect on their body fat ratios.
The study of 386 boys and 299 girls aged 15 to 18 found that average-sized 16-year-old boy weighing 69.5 kg and 176 cm tall, who slept for eight hours a day, had a waist size l.8 cm bigger and l.6 kg, or 9 percent, more body fat than the average-sized boy who slept 10 hours a day.
"The boys who slept eight hours a day would also have l.8 kg more lean (bone and muscle) mass compared to the boys who slept 10 hours, but that"s only a 1.4-percent increase, compared to the 9- percent increase seen in body fat," said lead researcher from the Department of Human Nutrition, Dr. Paula Skidmore.
"Our results suggest that for older teenage boys, making sure that they get enough sleep may help to maintain a healthier body. It seems to be that, within reason, the more sleep the better for boys," Skidmore said in a statement Thursday.
"It was unexpected that we did not find the same result in girls, who may actually be more aware of their diet and more in tune with a healthier lifestyle."
The researchers ruled out the effects of food choice and number of screens, such as televisions, games and consoles, which the teenagers had in their bedrooms.
小题1:What"s the research really about?
| A．Boys and girls. | B．Food and weight. | C．Sleep and health. | D．Screens and fat. |
| A．Bigger waist and more fat in the body. |
| B．An increase in weight and height. |
| C．More concerned with their diet. |
| D．A decrease in bone and muscle. |
| A．girls usually sleep less and have healthier lifestyles than boys |
| B．the researchers expected to see the same result in girls |
| C．peoples" diet has a great effect on their health |
| D．boys are usually lazier than girls |
| A．Teachers. | B．Girls. | C．Parents. . | D．Boys. |
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