题目
题型：重庆市期末题难度：来源：
or no other witnesses (目击者). This phenomenon (现象) is referred to as the "bystander effect".
The bystander effect is also called the "Genovese effect", which is named after Catherine Genovese,
a young woman who was cruelly murdered on March 13, 1964. Early in the morning, 28-year-old
Genovese was returning home from work. As she approached her apartment entrance, she was attacked
and stabbed (刺) by a man later identified as Winston Moseley. Despite Genovese"s repeated cries for
help, none of the dozen or so people in the nearby apartment building who heard her cries called police
for help. The attack first began at 3:20, but it was not until 3:50 that someone first contacted police.
Many psychologists were set thinking by the incident, as well as most Americans. As the conclusion,
the bystander effect came out and later proved by a series of studies and experiments.
There are two major factors that contribute to the bystander effect. First, the presence of other
people creates a division (分散) of responsibility. Because there are other observers, individuals do not
feel as much pressure to take action, since the responsibility to take action is thought to be shared among
all of those present. The second reason is the need to behave in correct and socially acceptable ways.
When other observers fail to react, individuals often take this as a signal that a response is not needed or
not proper.
Other researchers have found that onlookers are less likely to take action if the situation is uncertain.
In the case of Genovese, many of the 38 witnesses reported that they believed they were witnessing a
"lovers"quarrel", and did not realize that the young woman was actually being murdered.
B. its discovery resulted from the murder of a woman named Genovese
C. it was actually discovered by a woman named Genovese
D. it always makes people think of a woman named Genovese
B. They thought someone else might help her.
C. They didn"t think they should help.
D. They didn"t think she needed help.
B. consider the risk of getting hurt
C. want to be sure it"s proper to react
D. wonder if the victim is worth helping
been murdered.
B. fewer
C. more
D. braver
答案
核心考点
试题【阅读理解。 When an emergency (紧急) situation occurs, observers are more likely to 】；主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
Students across China, studying in the fields of engineering, science and technology, are developing a
range of inventions that they hope will one day be marketable. Here are three examples from the minds of China"s young inventors.
Foot-Controlled Mouse
This new kind of mouse is controlled by the feet instead of the hands, to help handicapped people
when surfing the Internet.
The new device is called a "surf mouse", and looks like a pair of blue slippers. When users press the
slippers with their forefeet, they are clicking the left mouse button; when people press with their heels,
they are clicking the right mouse; when they roll their feet over the slippers, they can view Web pages.
Dirty Water Filter
The "pump of life", a filter, can make dirty water drinkable. The pump is over 30 centimeters long and
has a diameter of four centimeters. It has an in-pipe at the top and out-pipe at the end. There are two
main parts: the drive zone to pump water and the material zone to eliminate (去除) harmful substances.
Rain, fish tank water and coalmine water can all be cleaned in the material zone. The invention could be
used for many kinds of disaster relief. Pan told us that water was delivered by helicopters to Wenchuan.
If they had sent water-purifying equipment instead, people could have had more water faster after the
earthquake.
Transformer Vehicle
The multi-functional vehicle is named Tranfus. By changing the breadth of tires and the structure of a
car, it can become a motorbike or a luggage carrier. The name Tranfus is a contraction of "transforming
for us."
Traffic jams can make a driver go crazy. The Tranfus can change into luggage carrier, and users
could walk with it. When started, the roof transforms, turning into a motorbike. But its inventor doesn"t
think Tranfus will be on the market soon as some auto companies like it, but none are willing to invest.
B. Those absent-minded in classes.
C. Those hoping cheating in exams.
D. Those having disability in hands.
B. They can raise their heels.
C. They can roll their feet.
D. They can press their heels.
B. When there are natural disasters causing clean water shortage.
C. When there are earthquakes in the mountainous areas.
D. When there are too many people in a crowded city.
B. It is too small to be a car and too big to be a luggage carrier.
C. There are no auto companies offering to invest in it.
D. There are no auto companies showing interest in it.
family meal than food. Sociologist Michael Lewis has been studying 50 families to find out just how
much more.
Lewis and his co-workers carried out their study by videotaping (录像) the families while they ate
ordinary meals in their own homes. They found that parents with small families talk actively with each
other and their children. But as the number of children gets larger, conversation gives way to the parents"
efforts to control the loud noise they make. That can have an important effect on the children. "In general
the more question-asking the parents do, the higher the children"s IQ scores." Lewis says. "And the more
children there are, the less question-asking there is."
The study also provides an explanation for why middle children often seem to have a harder time in life
than their siblings (兄弟姐妹), Lewis found that in families with three or four children, dinner conversation
is likely to center on the oldest child, who has the most to talk about, and the youngest, who needs the
most attention "Middle children are invisible," says Lewis. "When you see someone get up from the table
and walk around during dinner, chances are it"s the middle child." There is, however, one thing that stops
all conversation and prevents anyone from having attention: "When the TV is on," Lewis says, "dinner is a
non-event."
B. teach parents ways to keep order at the dinner table
C. report on the findings of a study
D. give information about family problems
B. get the least attention from the family
C. are often kept away from the dinner table
D. find it hard to keep up with other children
B. why parents should keep good order
C. why children in small families seem to be quieter
D. why middle children seem to have more difficulties in life
B. It is a good idea to have the TV on during dinner.
C. Parents should talk to each of their children frequently.
D. Elder children should help the younger ones at dinner.
skills, so can good parenting. Make time for your kids each day. Whether they need to talk or just be in
the same room with you, make yourself available.
Even as kids get older, quality time is important. It"s really hard for some people to come home after
work, get down on the floor, and play with their kids or just talk to them about their day-especially if
they"ve had a stressful day themselves. But expressing interest in your kids shows that they"re important
to you.
Help your child cope with stress by talking about what may be causing it. Together, you can come up
with a few solutions. For example, he should cut back on after-school activities, spending more time
talking with parents or teachers, developing an exercise plan or keeping a journal.
You can also help by predicting potentially stressful situations and preparing kids for them. For
example, let a child know ahead of time(but not too far ahead of time) that a doctor"s appointment is
coming up and talk about what will happen there. Keep in mind, though, that younger kids probably
won"t need too much advance preparation. Too much information can cause more stress.
Remember that some level of stress is normal; let kids know that it"s OK to feel angry, scared, lonely,
or anxious and that other people share those feelings.
When kids can"t or won"t discuss these issues, try talking about your own concerns. This shows that
you"re willing to handle tough topics and are available to talk with when they"re ready. If a child shows
symptoms (症状) that concern you and is unwilling to talk, consult a counselor or other mental health
experts.
Most parents have the skills to deal with their children"s stress. The time to seek professional attention
is when any change in behavior continues to exist, when stress is causing serious anxiety, or when the
behavior is causing significant problems in functioning at school or at home.
B. To persuade parents to spend more time with kids.
C. To advise parents how to help kids deal with stress.
D. To seek different ways to help solve kids" problems.
B. Parents being tired out.
C. Kids losing interest in parents.
D. There being too much homework.
B. it doesn"t work in practice
C. your kids may lose interest
D. your kids don"t want to listen
B. It is normal for kids to have some stress.
C. Kids should get rid of the negative feelings.
D. Everybody feels angry, scared, lonely or anxious.
couldn"t get used to it.
What was it? It was a string of earthquakes that made the small town shake all the time.This went on
for more than a year. Sometimes the quakes were very small. Only certain instruments could pick them
up.At other times, the quakes damaged houses and land. The people were always afraid. They wished
they knew how to stop the ground from shaking.
People all over the world would like to know when an earthquake is coming. But an earthquake is
almost always a surprise. Under the surface of the Earth, huge blocks of rock drift apart or slide against
each other.The ground above splits apart or rumbles and shakes.
Some scientists hope to predict quakes by keeping a close watch on animals. It seems that some
animals can sense an earthquake coming. In 1969, animals in a Chinese zoo began to act funny one day.
Swans flew out of their pond. A panda sat down, covered its eyes with its paws, and groaned. The
animals seemed to know that something was about to happen. And it did. An earthquake struck. What
was it that the animals sensed? Scientists are trying to find out.
Keeping close track of the Earth"s magnetic force in earthquake areas may also help. A few years ago,
in Hollister, CA, scientists kept a record of the area"s magnetic pull. For one week, the force grew
stronger. Then it weakened suddenly. A day later, an earthquake struck.
It may become possible to know when and where an earthquake will happen. But it will be much
harder to stop one from happening.
Many scientists think that the Earth"s covering is not smooth. They say the earth"s "skin" is made up of
huge puzzle pieces called plates. Land and ocean floors make up these huge plates. Under the Earth"s
crust (外壳), or plates, is hot rock. The plates float on top of this rock. Sometimes the rock forces its
way through the crust. What happens then? A volcano is born! More often, the rock moves and forces
the plates to pull away from each other, causing earthquakes to happen.(Volcanoes and earthquakes
often go together.)
Sometimes, the plates end up on top of each other. When this happens, the land above may look
strange. Seen from the air, there seems to be a long scar in the Earth. This is called a fault (断层).The
areas along faults have more earthquakes than other parts of the Earth.
For now, we"ll just have to shake along with the Earth. It goes through millions of small earthquakes every year. With luck, you won"t feel a thing!
B. keep close track of the Earth"s magnetic force in earthquake areas
C. keep inventing instruments to pick up every earthquake
D. keep a record of earthquake area"s magnetic pull of force
B. an earthquake happens
C. a fault forms
D. the Earth"s covering becomes smooth
B. When the plates end up on top of each other.
C. Before an earthquake happens.
D. After volcano comes.
attempt to spread teaching resources within the nation and promote (提升) Chinese culture globally.
These courses cover 20 subjects or lectures given by speakers and professors from several universities, including Zhejiang University, Nankai University and Wuhan University. Most of the courses will focus on
traditional Chinese culture, according to the Ministry of Education. They are available through the
websites of NetEase and China Network Television, as well as icourse.edu.cn, for free.
Some of the courses will be translated into English and promoted across the rest of the world,
according to NetEase Company, an international body promoting open content among the world"s
universities.
The company has set up a translation team and "will kick off the translation work when we finish the
negotiation (谈判) on intellectual rights with universities", said Zhu Xirui, a senior manager for NetEase
Company.
"We want to promote Chinese culture to overseas netizens through the program," he said.
Ding Xiuhong, another manager of NetEase Company, said they had invested (投资) more than 15
million yuan ($2.37 million) in the program.
"Although we haven"t made a profit from "the program, it will at least help increase our website"s page
views," Ding said.
"I"d like to watch the Chinese elite (精英) classes, such as Chinese literature and poetry, as well as
economy," said Jeremy Scaramuzzi, a teacher at Tsinghua International School.
He said he was also interested in Chinese classes on political science since that is the subject he
majored in in the United States.
B. Viewers will have to pay for watching the courses.
C. The program is intended to promote Chinese culture.
D. The program is of little value to Chinese students.
B. 3.
C. 4.
D. 5.
B. the courses are given in Chinese at present
C. the program has gained great popularity
D. the translation work is being carried out
B. lecture
C. news report
D. course introduction
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