Maryland, decided to find out whether, as many smokers say, smoking helps them to"think
and concentrate." Spilich put young non-smokers, active smokers and smokers deprived
(被剥夺) of cigarettes through a series of tests.
In the first test, each subject (试验对象) sat before a computer screen and pressed a key
as soon as he or she recognized a target letter among a grouping of 96. In this simple test,
smokers, deprived smokers and non-smokers performed equally well.
The next test was more complex, requiring all to scan sequences of 20 identical letters
and respond the instant one of the letters transformed into a different one. Non-smokers
were faster, but under the stimulation of nicotine, active smokers were faster than deprived
smokers.
In the third test of short-term memory, non-smokers made the fewest errors, but deprived
smokers committed fewer errors than active smokers.
The fourth test required people to read a passage, then answer questions about it.
Non-smokers remembered l9 percent more of the most important information than active
smokers, and deprived smokers bested those who had smoked a cigarette just before
testing- Active smokers tended not only to have poorer memories but also had trouble
separating important information from insignificant details.
"As our tests became more complex." sums up Spilich," non-smokers performed better
than smokers by wider and wider margins". He predicts, "smokers might perform adequately
at many jobs- until they got complicated. A smoking airline pilot could fly adequately if no
problems arose, but if something went wrong, smoking might damage his mental capacity."
B. to show how smoking damages people"s mental capacity
C. to prove that smoking affects people"s regular performance
D. to find out whether smoking helps people"s short-term memory
B. put the subjects through increasingly complex tests
C. check the effectiveness of nicotine on smokers
D. register the prompt responses of the subjects
B. envied
C. caught up with
![](http://img.shitiku.com.cn/uploads/allimg/20191212/20191212120842-32268.png)
D. made the best of
B. Active smokers responded more quickly than the other subjects.
C. Non-smokers were not better than other subjects in performing simple tasks.
D. Deprived smokers gave the slowest responses to the various tasks.
B. smoking in emergency cases causes mental illness
C. no airline pilots smoke during flights
D. smokers may prove unequal to handing emergency cases
live fuller, happier lives.
Though we"re all born with SQ, most of us don"t even realize that we have it. Fortunately,
you don"t have to sign up for classes to learn how to improve your SQ. Here are some simple
steps that can lead you to this new level of understanding.
Sit Quietly. The process of developing spiritual intelligence begins with solitude(独处)and
silence. To tune in to your spirit, you have to turn down the volume(强度)in your busy, noisy,
complicated life and force yourself to do nothing at all. Start small by creating islands for
silence in your day. In the car, instead of listening to the music, use the time to think. At work,
shut the door to your office between meetings, take a few breaths and let them out very, very
slowly. Enjoy the stillness in your home after the kids are finally in bed.
Step Outside. For many people, nature sets their spirit free. Go outside to watch a beautiful
sunset. If you are walking with the dog, take the time to admire flowers in bloom; follow the
flight of a bird and watch clouds float overhead.
Ask Questions of Yourself. Ask open-ended questions, such as "What am I Feeling? What
are my choices? Where am I heading?"
But don"t expect an answer to arrive through some supernatural forms of e-mail. "Rarely do
I get an immediate answer to my question," says Reverend Joan Carter, a Presbyterian minister
in Sausalito, California. "But later that day I suddenly find myself thinking about a problem in a
perspective(角度) I never considered before."
Trust Your Spirit. While most of us rely on gut(本能的)feeling to realize danger, spiritual
intelligence pushes us, not away from, but towards some action that will lead to a greater good.
B. what your SQ is and in what way it can be improved
C. the relationship between your SQ and your life
D. advantages and disadvantages of SQ
means to_________
B. keep up your spirit
C. keep seated quietly
D. change your spirit
B. deep thought
C. spare time and hobbies
D. good spirits
B. You have to go to classes to learn how to improve your SQ.
C. SQ leads us to take wrong actions.
D. SQ can benefit our life.
Taking good notes is a time-saving skill that will help you to become a better student in
several ways. ___1__Second, your notes are excellent materials to refer to when you are
studying for a test. Third, note-taking offers variety to your study time and helps you to hold
your interest.
You will want to take notes during classroom discussions and while reading a textbook
or doing research for a report.___2___ Whenever or however you take notes, keep in mind
that note-taking is a selective process. __3__
The following methods may work best for you.
·Read the text quickly to find the main facts and ideas in it.
·Carefully read the text and watch for words that can show main points and supporting facts.
·Write your notes in your own words.
·__4__
·Note any questions or ideas you may have about what was said or written.
As you take notes, you may want to use your own shorthand(速记). When you do, be sure
that you understand your symbols and that you use them all the time. __5_
A. Use words, not complete sentences.
B. There are three practical note-taking methods.
C. You must write your notes on separate paper.
D. Otherwise, you may not be able to read your notes later.
E. You will also want to develop your own method for taking notes.
F. That means you must first decide what is important enough to include in your notes.
G. First, the simple act of writing something down makes it easier for you to understand and remember it.
仔细阅读下面短文,短文中有10个空格.请按照语境以及括号里所给的词完成短文.
practice with 1__________conversational partner. However, for those in situations 2__________ these
two options are not available, studying ESL online might be the next alternative.
During the past decade, many websites have appeared on the Internet, providing ESL activities
3___________(help) people practice the major language skills like grammar, reading, 4________
vocabulary. Perhaps the 5__________ (great) interests for students are websites that focus on listening
and speaking skills. Since high-speed connections appeared, things 6 _________ (change) greatly.
7_________ you want to find a site that is suitable for you, you should look among those that combine
good contents with a user-friendly interface and style.
Finally, no matter which site you end up 8_________(visit), you should set some goals 9 ________
your study. 10_________ might include the number of vocabulary you want to learn, specific grammar
structures you want to review, and even how many minutes you want to read aloud from a newspaper in
English.
called food poisoning. Food poisoning is usually not serious, but some types are deadly. The symptoms of food poisoning usually begin within hours of eating the poisoned food. Fever is one of the most common
symptoms.
Certain microorganisms(微生物)cause most types of food poisoning. Bacteria and other
microorganisms can poison eggs ,meat, vegetables, and many other foods. After entering the body, these
tiny living things release(释放) poisons that make people sick.
Some chemicals can also cause food poisoning. They are often added to food while it is being grown,
processed or prepared. For example, many farmers spray chemicals on crops to kill weeds and insects.
Some people may have a bad reaction to those chemicals when they eat the crops.
Some plants and animals contain natural poisons that are harmful to people. These include certain kinds of seafood, grains, nuts, seeds, beans, and mushrooms.
When people handle food properly, the risk of food poisoning is very small. Microorganisms multiply
rapidly in dirty places and in warm temperatures. This means that people should never touch food with
dirty hands or put food on unwashed surfaces. Food should be kept in a refrigerator to stop microorganisms from growing. Meat needs to be cooked thoroughly to kill any dangerous microorganisms. People
should also wash food covered with chemicals before eating it. Finally, people should not eat wild
mushrooms or other foods that grow in the wild. Some of these foods may contain natural materials that
are poisonous to humans. In addition, some types of fish can be poisonous.
Most people recover from food poisoning after a few days of resting and drinking extra water. If
people eat natural poisons, they must go to the hospital right away to have their stomachs emptied.
B. Food poisoning means death.
C. Food poisoning comes in varieties.
D. Food poisoning can be serious.
B. are too common to be noted
C. can be noticed within hours
D. can be ignored
B. low temperatures
C. some tiny living things
D. certain natural materials
B. vegetables are safer than meat and seafood
C. natural poisons are more dangerous than chemicals
D. different types of food should be handled differently
B. chemicals are needed in food processing
C. food poisoning can be kept under control
D. food poisoning is out of control
A. Method I
One of the best ways to learn a foreign language is to follow the method you use to learn your first
language. As a child you hear the sounds of your own language and you repeat them. You see the written
form of the language around you and little by little you are taught to link the forms of the language. The
BBC programme uses this method in many different ways.
B. Method Ⅱ
With explanations in 37 languages as well as completely in English, these are broadcast to most areas of the world from London and by some 300 overseas radio stations in more than 100 countries.
C. Method III
These audio courses are for people who wish to learn English at home or in the classroom. Although
women belong to the radio series, they can all be used for studying English from beginners" level to
advanced.
D. Method Ⅳ
BBC English programmes have been broadcast successfully on television in more than 100 countries.
They can also be got on video, with supporting textbooks and audio cassettes, they form complete courses for home study or teaching.
E .Method V
The BBC English magazine is a bi-monthly publication and is a companion to BBC English radio broadcasts. It is written by the programme makers and includes programme details, practical home study
exercises and features, as well as items of general interest from BBC programmes dealing with science,
medicine, technology, etc.
F. Method Ⅵ
This popular course for learners and teachers of English is held in London every summer. For
information on any of the above please write to:
BBC English, PO Box 76, Bush House, London WC2B4PH1
In London personal callers can see BBC English courses on display at the BBC World Shop, Bush
House, London WC2B4PH.
2. Huang Hai is learning English through the BBC English radio broadcasts. She needs some practical home study exercise books.
3. Zhong Lu needs a set of textbooks and audio cassettes so as to learn the BBC English to advanced.
4. Zhang Ming has no time to listen to the BBC English programmes, but she wants to buy the video courses for her home study.
5. Professor Liang Xing wants to learn something about English language in summer school so as to go there to improve his English in summer holidays
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