Since the 1970s,scientists have been searching for ways to link the brain with computers.
Braincomputer interface (BCI) technology could help people with disabilities send commands
to machines.
Recently,two researchers,Jose Millan and Michele Tavella from the Federal Polytechnic
School in Lausanne,Switzerland,demonstrated(展示)a small robotic wheelchair directed by
a person"s thoughts.
In the laboratory,Tavella operated the wheelchair just by thinking about moving his left or
right hand.He could even talk as he watched the vehicle and guided it with his thoughts.
"Our brain has billions of nerve cells.These send signals through the spinal cord(脊髓)to
the muscles to give us the ability to move.But spinal cord injuries or other conditions can
prevent these weak electrical signals from reaching the muscles,"Tavella says."Our system
allows disabled people to communicate with external world and also to control devices."
The researchers designed a special cap for the user.This head cover picks up the signals
from the scalp(头皮)and sends them to a computer.The computer interprets the signals and
commands the motorized wheelchair.The wheelchair also has two cameras that identify objects
in its path.They help the computer react to commands from the brain.
Prof.Millan,the team leader,says scientists keep improving the computer software that
interprets brain signals and turns them into simple commands."The practical possibilities that
BCI technology offers to disabled people can be grouped in two categories:communication,
and controlling devices.One example is this wheelchair."
He says his team has set two goals.One is testing with real patients,so as to prove that this
is a technology they can benefit from.And the other is to guarantee that they can use the
technology over long periods of time.
B．link the human brain with computers
C．help the disabled to recover
D．control a person"s thoughts
B．By talking to the machine.
C．By moving his hand.
D．By using his mind.
B．computer→cap→scalp→wheelchair
C．scalp→cap→computer→wheelchair
D．cap→computer→scalp→wheelchair
B．prove the technology useful to them
C．make them live longer
D．learn about their physical condition
B．New Findings about How the Human Brain Works
C．BCI Could Mean More Freedom for the Disabled
D．Robotic Vehicles Could Help to Cure Brain Injuries
首先请阅读下列儿童系列读物的封面及基本信息:
A
In The Joy of Giving Brother and Sister Bear can"t wait for Christmas and all the
presents they"ll open.But during the Christmas Eve,something special happens! The baby
Bears learn a very valuable lesson about the joy of giving to others.
B
Christmas is just around the corner,and everyone in the Bear family wants to help
decorate the tree! Includes thirteen flowers that open to show hidden holiday surprises.
C
The Berenstain small bears act out the first Thanksgiving.But will Sister Bear"s pet
turkey play the part of dinner?The Berenstain Bears Give Thanks teaches how God
reminds children of God"s many blessings.
D
Brother and Sister Bear wonder if they can be as brave as David when he fought
Goliath.In The Berenstain Bears and the Gift of Courage,the small bears learn where
real courage comes from.
E
The Bear series helps children learn how God wants them to live every day.The
Berentain Bears Faithful Friends teaches that new friends are fun to have,and old
friends are great to keep.
F
When Brother and Sister Bear accidentally break Mama"s favorite lamp,their little
lie grows bigger and bigger,until Papa Bear helps them find the words that set everything
right again.
以下是购书者对这些书籍的简要评论.请把简要评论与封面及基本信息匹配起来.
1．In The Berenstain Bears:children need courage and should learn how bravely to
cope with difficulties threatening friendship.It teaches us how to make friends with each other.
2．Thanks to The Berenstain Bears,this book is an excellent book to read for Christmas
season and it shows us the happiness of giving.Understanding the purpose of gift giving is a
tough concept for children young and old.
3．Our family enjoys this book because it uses a common situation to mean we need
courage to tell the fact.Especially the small bears learn that mother is more concerned with
their honesty.The message is that we don"t need to be perfect,but we do need courage to
tell the fact.
4．If you want to give your kids a taste of the basic Thanksgiving history,this book is a
fun choice for giving gifts.In this new title,the familiar Berenstain bear family delivers some
hand made furniture to some friends on a farm.
5．I bought this for my children and they love it.It is a great story and the hidden images
behind the flowers add a lot to the story.I"m not sure they will last for long with the little ones,
I love this book and the story is perfect for the Christmas season.
1．________2.________3.________4．________5.________
Its formal, serious style closely matches its content, a schoolmasterly book on schooling. The author, W. H. Armstrong, starts with the basics: reading and writing.In his opinion, reading doesn"t just mean
recognizing each word on the page; it means taking in the information, digesting it and incorporating it
into oneself just as one dig
ests a sandwich and makes it a part of himself. The goal is to bring the information back to life, not just to treat it as dead facts on paper from dead trees. Reading and writing
cannot be completely separated from each other; in fact, the aim of reading is to express the information
you have got from the text. I"ve seen it again and again:someone who can"t express an idea after reading
a text is just as ineffective as someone who hasn"t read it at all.
Only a third of the book remains after that discussion, which Armstrong devotes to specific tips for
studying languages, math, science and history. He generally handles these topics thoroughly(透彻地)
and equally, except for some weakness in the science and math sections and a bit too much passion
(激情) regarding history. Well, he was a history teacher-if conveyed only a tenth of his passion to his
students, that was a hundred times more than my history teachers ever got across. To my disappointment,
in this part of the book he ignores the arts. As a matter of fact, they demand all the concentration and
study that math and science do, though the study differs slightly in kind. Although it"s commonly believed
that the arts can only be naturally acquired, actually, learning the arts is no more natural than learning
French or mathematics.
My other comment is that the text aged. The first edition apparently dates to the 1960s-none of the
references(参考文献) seem newer than the late 1950s.As a result, the discussion misses the entire
computer age.
These are small points, though, and don"t affect the main discussion. I recommend it to any student
and any teacher, including the selftaught student.
B. understand the meaning between the lines
C. express ideas based on what one has read
D. get information and keep it alive in memory
B. demands real passion
C. is less natural than learning maths
D. is as natural as learning a language
B. There is too much discussion on studying science.
C. The style is too serious.
D. It lacks new information.
B. a book review
C. a feature story
D. a news report
there are a few people who will get into their cars and go straight for the center of the storm．These
people are willing to risk being killed by floods or 100-Kilometer- an-hour winds for the excitement of
watching the storm close up．
"Storm chasing (追逐)"is becoming an increasingly popular hobby,especially in the Midwest of the
United States, where there are frequent storms betwee
n March and July．A storm chaser begins the dayby checking the Internet for the latest weather reports, and then drives up to l,000 kilometers to where the
storm will be and waits for it to develop．
Although anyone can do it,storm chasing is extremely dangerous．The power of a big storm can throw
a cow into the air or destroy a whole house in seconds．Storm chasers are also often hurt in accidents
caused by driv
in
g in a heavy rain．If you are a beginner, it is much safer to join a group for storm - chasing vacations during the storm season．
Even then,storm chasing is not all adventure and excitement．"Storm chasing is 95％driving,"says
Daniel Lynch,who spends most of his summer storm-chasing．"Sometimes you
Can sit around for hours waiting for something to happen,and all you get is blue sky and a few light
showers."
However,for storm chasers,it is all worth it. "When you get close to a storm,it is the most exciting
sight you will ever see in your life,"says Jasper Morley．"Every storm is an example of the power of
nature．It is the greatest show on Earth．"
B. get into the car for safety
C. wait patiently for the storm to develop
D. collect information about a coming storm
y rain B. to do it in an organized way
C. not to get too close to a storm
D. to spend more time on it in summer
means that _____.B. storm chasing is worth hours of waiting
C. efforts in storm chasing are well paid
D. a storm presents the greatest show on Earth
B. Many storm chasers get killed in the storms．
C. Storm chasing is becoming popular around the world．
D. Storm chasing is only fit for young people
Along the river banks of the Amazon and the Orinoco there lives a bird that swims before
it can fly, flies like a fat chicken,eats green leaves, has the stomach of a cow and has claws
on its wings when young.They build their homes about 4.6 m above the river, an important
feature (特征) for the safety of the young.It is called the hoatzin.
In appearance, the birds of both sexes look very much alike with brown on the back
and cream
and red on the underside.The head is small, with a large set of feathers on the
top,bright red eyes, and blue skin.Its nearest relatives are the common birds, cuckoos.Its
most striking feature, though, is only found in the young.
Baby hoatzins have a claw on the leading edge of each wing and another at the end of
each wing tip.Using these four claws,together with the beak(喙),they can climb about in the
bushes, looking very much like primitive birds must have done.The hoatzins, however, live
in the modern world.
During the drier months between December and March hoatzins fly about the forest in
groups of 20 to 30 birds, but in April,when the rainy season begins, they collect together in
smaller living units of two to seven birds for producing purposes.
When danger comes in the form of a snake or a monkey, the young hoatzins-maybe
three in one family-jump over the side and into the river.They swim about under the water
until it is safe to return and then, using their claws, lift themselves up through the branches
and get back home.When they have learned to fly they lose their claws and escape enemies
not by swimming but by flying off, in a slow and heavy way, to a neighbouring tree.
B．The relatives and enemies of hoatzins.
C．Primitive birds and hoatzins of the Amazon.
D．The appearance and living habits of hoatzins.
B．they have claws on the wings
C．they eat a lot like a cow
D．they live on river banks
B．They could fly long distances.
C．They had four wings like hoatzins.
D．They had a head with long feathers on the top.
B．To protect themselves better.
C．To keep themselves warm.
D．To produce their young.
outside the classroom and the experience of being part of a British home.
What to Expect
The host will provide accommodation and mea
ls.Rooms will be cleaned and bedcovers changed at least once a week.You will be given the house key and the host is there to
offer help and advice as well as to take an interest in your physical and mental health.
Accommodation Zones
Homestays are located in London mainly in Zones 2, 3 and 4 of the transport system.
Most ho
sts do not live in the town centre as much of central London is commercial and not residential(居住的)．Zones 3 and 4 often offer larger accommodation in a less
crowded area.It is very convenient to travel in London by Underground.
Meal Plans Available
◇Continental Breakfast
◇Breakfast and Dinner
◇Breakfast, Packed Lunch and Dinner
It"s important to note that few English families still provide a traditional cooked
bre
akfast.Your accommodation includes Continental Breakfast which normally consists of fruit juice,cereal (谷物类食品), bread and tea or coffee.Cheese, fruit and cold meat
are not normally part of a Continental Breakfast in England.Dinners usually consist of meat
or fish with vegetables followed by dessert, fruit and coffee.
Friends
If you wish to invite a friend over to visit, you must first ask your host"s permission.You
have no right to entertain friends in a family home as some families feel it is an invasion of
their privacy.
SelfCatering Accommodation in Private Homes
Accommodation on a roomonly basis includes shared kitchen and bathroom facilities
and often a main living room.This kind of accommodation offers an independent lifestyle
and is more suitable for the longstay student.However, it does not provide the same family
atmosphere as an ordinary homestay and may not benefit those who need to practise English
at home quite as much.
B．foreigners hoping to build British culture
C．travellers planning to visit families in London
D．English learners applying to live in English homes
C．Free transport.D．Physical training.
B．The business centre of London is in Zone 1.
C．Hosts dislike travelling to the city centre.
D．Accommodation in the city centre is not provided.
B．Fruit and vegetables.
C．Bread and fruit juice.
D．Cereal and cold meat.
- 1It was ________ the old watch that the old man spent the who
- 2将两块大小相同的含30°角的直角三角板（∠BAC=∠B1A1C=30°）按图1的方式放置，固定三角板A1B1C，然后将三
- 3若数列中，，其前n项的和是，则在平面直角坐标系中，直线在y轴上的截距为 。
- 4下列标点符号使用错误的一项是：（ ）A．山路崎岖，很不好走，可我不相信自己还走不过这个背着三十多斤东西的山村女孩子（
- 5对农业、手工业和资本主义工商业所进行的改造即三大改造。（ ）
- 6阅读理解。 People in Mutsuhito, Japan, lived through one hund
- 7如图，一电线杆AB高为10米，当太阳光线与地面的夹角为60°时，其影长AC约为（ ）（3取1.732，结果保留3个有效
- 8东南亚的气候主要有两种_______________；______________。
- 9下表是某地不同群体对所喜爱的文化活动的选择情况 某班同学分析表中信息后提出下列建议，你认为合理的是 [ ]A．倡
- 10汽车销量的增加会导致汽油需求量的增大，反过来，油价的上涨又会使买车一族变得十分谨慎。因为汽油和汽车[ ]A、是互
- 1Although the situation was tough during the economic crisis
- 2 (10分)下表是元索周期表前四周期的一部分,①〜⑤代表五种元素。(1)⑤元素形成的一种离子在空气中很不稳定，写出此
- 3在其它条件不变时，10℃时以某物质表示的反应速率为3 mol•（L· s ）-1，已知温度每升高10℃反应速率是原来的2
- 4为了测量校园内一棵不可攀的树的高度，学校数学应用实践小组做了如下探索：根据《自然科学》中的反射定律，利用一面镜子和一根皮
- 5下列有关因果关系的搭配，正确的是 [ ]A、 新航路开辟一文艺复兴 B、 商业革命一新航路开辟
- 6燃烧与我们的生活与社会的发展有着密切的联系．（1）如图是燃烧条件示意图：请根据初中所学知识，写出燃烧的三个条件：①___
- 7短文改错。下面短文中有10处语言错误。请在有错误的地方增加、删除或修改某个单词。增加：在缺词处加上一个漏字符号（∧），并
- 8Father is sleeping. Will you ___________the radio a little
- 9解决我国水资源季节分配不均的有效途径是[ ]A、跨流域调水 B、节约用水 C、防止水污染 D、兴修水库
- 10下列事件中，充分显示了秦朝统治残暴的是[ ]A．焚书坑儒B．罢黜百家，独尊儒术C．统一度量衡D．统一文字