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E
Climate has been a major driver of armed conflict in Africa, research shows—and future warming is likely to increase the number of deaths from war. US researchers found that across the continent, conflict was about 50% more likely in unusually warm years.
Writing in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), they suggest conflict arises when the food supply is not enough in warm conditions. Climatic factors have been mentioned as a reason for several recent conflicts. One is the fighting in Darfur in Sudan that has killed 200,000 people and forced two million more from their homes. Previous research has shown an association between lack of rain and conflict, but this is thought to be the first clear evidence of a temperature link.
The researchers used databases of temperatures across sub-Saharan Africa for the period between 1981 and 2002, and looked for connections between above average warmth and civil conflict in the same country that left at least 1,000 people dead. "Studies show that crop output in the region is really sensitive to small shifts in temperature, even of half a degree or so," research leader Marshall Burke, from the University of California at Berkeley, told BBC News.
"Our findings provide strong motivation to increase investments in African adaptation to climate change by such steps as developing crop varieties less sensitive to extreme heat and promoting insurance plans to help protect farmers from negative effects of the hotter climate," said Dr Burke. "If the argument is that the trend towards rising temperatures will increase conflict, then we need to do something around climate change, but more fundamentally we need to resolve the conflicts in the first place."
If the sub-Saharan climate continues to warm and little is done to help its countries better adapt to high temperatures, the human costs are likely to be unimaginable. If temperatures rise across the continent as computer models project, future conflicts are likely to become more common, researchers suggest. Their study shows an increase of about 50% over the next 20 years.
When projections of social trends such as population increase and economic development were included in their model of a future Africa, temperature rise still emerged as a likely major cause of increasing armed conflict. At next month"s UN climate summit (峰会) in Copenhagen, governments are due to debate how much money to put into helping African countries prepare for and adapt to negative effects of climate change.
57.According to the passage, which of the following is one of the reasons for the fighting in Darfur in Sudan?
A.Shortage of drinking water.                         B.Racial discrimination.
C.Rising temperature.                                     D.Demand for planting land.
58.What can we know from the research done by the US researchers?
A.There is no close relation between rainfall and conflict.
B.Temperature greatly affects crop production in sub-Saharan Africa.
C.Temperature will rise by about 50% in Africa over the next two decades.
D.With world cooperation, conflicts in Africa will be reduced by half 20 years later.
59.What can be inferred from the passage?
A.Something must be done to help sub-Saharan countries with better adaptation to climate change to avoid disaster.
B.Conflicts in sub-Saharan countries are sure to be on the rise in future.
C.Temperature in sub-Saharan countries will rise at a faster speed.
D.High temperatures will make sub-Saharan countries unfit to live in.
60.What"s the best title for this passage?
A.World cooperation against African conflict
B.Africa"s sufferings from climate change
C.Food shortages lead to African conflict
D.Climate drives African conflict
答案

57---60   CBAD  
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试题【E Climate has been a major driver of armed conflict in Africa, research shows—an】;主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
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C
A car needs gas to run as your body needs food to work for you. Eating the right kinds of food is very important. A good eating habit can help your body grow strong if you take care of what you eat.
There are four main food groups altogether. The dairy group has food like milk, cheese and sour milk. The other three groups are the meat and fish group, the fruit and vegetable group, and the bread and rice group. Each meal should have at least one food from all four main groups. With all of these foods together, you will be given enough energy during the day.
It is easy to get into bad eating habits. You may eat your breakfast in a hurry to get to school on time or you may not have time for a good lunch. It may be easier to eat fish and chips for your supper all the time. But you will find yourself tired and you will not be able to think quickly.
Watching what you eat will help keep your body healthy and strong. It is also good to take some exercise. It will help you eat more if you take a walk or play games in the open air. Having good eating habits with some exercise is the key to your health.
69. According to the passage, which of the following diets do you think is the best one?
A. Eggs, tomatoes and chicken.          B. Milk, bread, cabbages and beef.
C. Corn, fish, ice cream and pork.        D. Rice, beancurd, fish and chicken.
70. In this passage the writer mainly tells us that ______.
A. every person needs food to grow well
B. taking exercise can keep your body strong
C. the right kind of food with exercise will keep you healthy
D. enough energy helps people think more quickly
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More teachers are starting off the school year with letters to parents and students to introduce themselves and set a tone (基调) for the year.The letters are a good way to start positive communication with parents, several teachers told Education World
“I think it’s professional (专业的),”said Dorothy Peselli, an English teacher at Sparta High School in Sparta, New Jersay, Peselli, who gives out the letters the first day of school, told Education World.“It gives parents an image of you as a professional.If you start communication off in a positive manner, you will have the parents on your side when you need them.”
In her letter to parents, Peselli encourages them to call or e-mail her with specific concerns about their children.“I want to work as a team to make sure that your child becomes an independent lifelong learner,” Peselli wrote to parents last September.She also telephones the parents of all her students at the beginning of the year.
Peselli includes with the letter a classroom handbook (手册)listing plans and rules .And she requires that both parents and students read and sign statements (included in the letter!) that they read the handbook.The student letter also lists needed supplies and gives encouragement.“Please come to class ready to work and learn.This will be an exciting year for all of us,” it says
Last year, Peselli taught at a different high school and parents there were “shocked”, but appreciative, that she had so much contact with them,“I received roses and a thank-you note from one boy and his mother”.Peselli said.She wished her own children’s teachers would take the time to write notes as well.“I never got a letter home from any of my daughter’s high school teachers.” she said, “It would be nice to know the background of some of the people who are teaching my daughter.”
小题1:We may learn from the text that            
A.most teachers are writing letters to parents and students
B.the handbook is used to list supplies and give encouragement
C.Peselli believe it important for teachers to exchange information with parents
D.Peselli mainly introduces her background and teaching experiences in the letters
小题2:The underlined word “it” in the fourth paragraph refers to         
A.the handbookB.the requirement
C.the schoolD.the letter
小题3:We can infer from the last paragraph that          
A.parents were satisfied with Peselli’s way of working
B.Peselli means to surprise parents by writing students
C.Peselli seemed to be popular among boy students
D.all Peselli’s children are studying in high schools
小题4:The purpose of the text is to          
A.introduce an English teaching method
B.give advice on how to teach students
C.encourage teachers to keep in touch with parents
D.show us how Dorothy Peselli makes teaching plans

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It was starting to get dark and Bobby turned to walk home when suddenly his eyes caught the setting sun’s rays reflecting off something along the roadside. He reached down and discovered a shiny dime(一角钱). Never before has anyone felt so wealthy as Bobby felt at that moment.
As he held his new found treasure, a warmth spread throughout his entire body and he walked into the first store he saw.
His excitement quickly turned cold when the salesperson told him that he couldn’t buy anything with only a dime.
He saw a flower shop and went inside to wait in line. When the shop owner asked if he could help him, Bobby presented the dime and asked if he could buy one flower for his mother’s Christmas gift. The shop owner looked at Bobby and his ten cents offering. Then he said to him, “You just wait here and I’ll see what I can do for you.”
The sound of the door closed as the last customer left. All alone in the shop, Bobby began to feel cold and afraid. Suddenly the shop owner came out. There, before Bobby’s eyes, lay twelve long stem, red roses, with leaves of green and tiny white flowers all tied together with a big silver bow. Bobby’s heart sank as the owner picked them up and placed them gently into a long white box. “That will be ten cents, young man.” The shop owner said reaching out his hand for the dime.
Sensing the boy’s reluctance(勉强), the shop owner added, “I just happened to have some roses on sale for ten cents a dozen. Would you like them?”
When the man placed the long box into his hands, he knew it was true. Walking out of the door that the owner was holding, Bobby heard the shopkeeper say, “Merry Christmas, son.”
小题1:Bobby feel that he was rich?
A.Because he found a purse with many dollars
B.Because he found some money on the way home.
C.Because he was given a bunch of flowers
D.Because he found some hidden treasure.
小题2:What can we infer from the third paragraph?
A.Christmas gifts were always very expensive
B.The salesperson’s words greatly disappointed Bobby.
C.Bobby was tired of trying one shop after another
D.The salesperson was trying to cheat Bobby.
小题3:While waiting for the shop owner in the flower ship, Bobby           .
A.was full of excitement and joy
B.was very thankful to the shop owner
C.felt he had been cheated by the owner
D.was not sure whether the owner would accept his offering

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Gmail tmned five years old this week.It"s somewhat amazing to think we"ve only had it since 2004; Gmail changed the webmail game forever by offering features we now take for granted: a streamlined interface (界面]) , powerful search, pioneering use ofAjax and a then-huge 1 GB of mailbox space.“You"ll never need to delete another message " was how Google described it at the time.
Back then, I was still making do with Hotmail.But its clumsy interface and tiny amount of storage space made the decision to move on an easy one.Getting an account made all the difference in the world to my email experience.Suddenly I was freed from having to delete emails every few days to make space in my mailbox.And the app(application) was smooth and responsive, like a desktop client (客户端程序)—and pretty fast in comparison to Hotmail." Conversation view" and using labels instead of folders took a little getting used to, but in all Gmail felt far more professional and made me much more productive.
Gmail is a favorite app of ours ever on WebWorkerDaily, and with good reason.It"s still the best webmail client for web workers as it lets us access our email whenever and wherever we need to, on any device, with minimum effort.And Google hasn"t spent the five years sitting on its Gmail success, either, but has introduced improvements to the service that include Gmail Tasks, chat, video chat and voice chat, combined with Google Calendar and Docs, Google Apps for Domains, and, of course, even more storage.We"ve recently covered the many features found in Gmail Labs: a way to "undo" seat messages, using canned responses for smart autoresponders, offline support using Gears and how to customize the way you.view your mailbox using multiple inboxes.
小题1:The underlined sentence in the first paragraph implies that_____.
A.we shouldn"t take Gmail for granted
B.you can try to write any kind of message
C.Gmail can correct your mistakes of itself
D.you needn"t worry about the mailbox space
小题2:Which of the following is not Gmail"s striking feature?
A.Offline support.B.Using labels.
C.Undo sent messages.D.Mailbox space.
小题3:Gmail is _____.
A.first introduced by WebWorkerDaily
B.a tool merely used to send messages
C.a great success just the same as Hotmail
D.a webmail client with multiple functions
小题4:What can we infer from the passage?
A.It is easier and more convenient to use folders.
B.Quantities of people have chosen to use Gmail.
C.Gmail had a video chat function when invented.
D.Gmail and Hotmail were invented at the same time.
小题5:What is the best title of this passage?
A.Gmail— favourite app of ours
B.Functions of a special email service
C.Comparison between Gmail and Hotmail
D.Advantages and disadvantages of Gmails

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When did you last see a polar bear(北极熊)? On a trip to a zoo,perhaps?  If you had attended a winter activity in New York a few years ago,  you would have seen a whole polar bear club.  These "Polar Bears" are people who meet frequently in the winter to swim in freezing cold water.  That day, the air temperature was 3℃, and the water temperature was a little higher.  The members of the Polar Bear Club at Coney Island, New York are usually about the age of 60.  Members must satisfy two requirements.  First, they must get along well with everyone else in the group; this is very important because there are so many different kinds of people in the club.  Polar Bears must also agree to swim outdoors at least twice a month from November through February.
Doctors don"t agree about the medical effects of cold-winter swimming.  Some are worried about the dangers of a condition in which the body"s temperature drops so low that finally the heart stops.  Other doctors, however, point out that there is more danger of a heart attack during summer swimming because the difference between the air temperature and water temperature is much greater in summer than in winter.
The Polar Bears themselves are satisfied with the benefits of cold-water swimming.  They say that their favorite form of exercise is very good for the circulatory system(循环系统)because it forces the blood to move fast to keep the body warm.  Cold-water swimmers usually turn bright red after a few minutes in the water.  A person who turns blue probably has a very poor circulatory system and should not try cold-water swimming.
  The main benefits of cold-water swimming are probably mental.The Polar Bears love to swim all year round;  they find it fun and relaxing.  As one 70-year-old woman says,"When I go into water, I pour my troubles into the ocean and let them float away."
小题1:The members of the Polar Bear Club must meet the following requirements except that_____.
A.they must swim outdoors at least 8 times in the four cold months
B.they must reach the age of 60
C.they should be easy to make friends with
D.they must agree to swim outdoors from November through February
小题2:According to the passage, some doctors believe it is true that_____.
A.Polar Bears are bears swimming in freezing water
B.cold-water swimming can make the body temperature dangerously high
C.you are healthy if cold-water swimming turns your skin color blue
D.cold-water swimming causes more heart attacks in summer than in winter
小题3:The Polar Bears like to swim year-round, for_____.
A.it is an easy way to keep the body warm in winterB.they can remain young
C.they find it enjoyable and interestingD.they might meet fewer troubles in life
小题4:The passage is mainly about_____.
A.the requirements of the Polar Bear Club
B.a group of cold-water-swimming livers
C.the Polar Bears" life in New York
D.doctors" ideas about cold-water swimming

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