题目
题型:不详难度:来源:
A new study suggests that the round-the-clock(24小时不断的)availability that cell phone have brought to people’s lives may be taking a toll on family life.The study,which followed more than 1,300 adults over 2 years, found that those who consistently used a mobile phone throughout the study period were more likely to report negative “spillover’’ between work and home life—and,in turn, less satisfaction with their family life.
Spillover essentially(本质上)means that the line between work and home begins to become unclear.Work life may invade home life when a parent is taking job—related calIs at home,for instance--or family issues may start to take up work time.For example,a child may call mom at work,telling her "microwave exploded” explained Noelle Chesley,an assistant professor of sociology at the University of Wisconsin—Milwaukee and the author of the study. The problem with cell phones seems to be that they are allowing for ever more spillover between work and home.
This may be especially true for working women,the study found. Among men,consistent use of mobile phones seemed to allow more work issues to creep (潜入)into family time.But for women,the spillover tended to go in both directions. Being “connected” meant that work cut into home time,and family issues came into work life.
Cell phones seem to be opening more lines for stressful exchanges among family member.But there may be ways to control the spillover,according to Chesley.Employers, she said,could look at their policies on contacting employees after hours to make sure their expectations are “reasonable”.For their part,employees could decide that cell phones go off during family time, Chesley said.
64.What does the underlined phrase “taking a toll on’’ probably mean in Paragraph 1?
A. Explaining. B. Influencing. C. Damaging. D. Extending
65.According to Chesley,what is the best solution to the problem caused by cell
phones?
A. Refuse to use cell phones.
B. Separate work hours from family time.
C. Ignore coming calls during family time.
D. Encourage women to stay at home.
66.We can learn from the passage that ___________________.
A.spillover makes the line between work and home unclear
B.cell phones seem to be convenient to families
C.cell phones affect men as much as women
D.we can do nothing to solve the problem
67. What is the main idea of the passage?
A .How to control the negative spillover caused by cell phones.
B. Cell phones cause negative “spillover’’ between work and home life.
C. Consistent use of cell phones makes people feel less satisfied with their work.
D.How work life invades home life.
答案
小题1:C
小题2:B
小题3:A
小题4:B
解析
核心考点
试题【A new study suggests that the round-the-clock(24小时不断的)availability that cell pho】;主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
Sustainable development is applied to just about everything from energy to clean water and economic growth, and as a result it has become difficult to question either the basic assumptions behind it or the way the concept is put to use.This is especially true in agriculture, where sustainable development is often taken as the sole measure of progress without a proper appreciation of historical and cultural perspectives.
To start with, it is important to remember that the nature of agriculture has changed markedly throughout history, and will continue to do so .Medieval agriculture in northern Europe fed, clothed and sheltered a predominantly rural society with a much lower population density than it is today.It had minimal effect on biodiversity, and any pollution it brought about was typically localized.In terms of energy use and the nutrients captured in the product it was relatively inefficient.
Contrast this with farming since the start of the industrial revolution.Competition from overseas led farmers to specialize and increase yields.Throughout this period food became cheaper, safe and more reliable.However, these changes have also led to habitat loss and to diminishing biodiversity.
What’s more, demand for animal products in developing countries is growing so fast that meeting it will require an extra 300 million tons of grain a year by 2050,yet the growth of cities and industry is reducing the amount of water available for agriculture in many regions.
All this means that agriculture in the 21st century will have to be very different from how it was in the 20th.This will require radical(激进的)thinking.For example, we need to move away from the idea that traditional practices are inevitably more sustainable than new ones.We also need to abandon the notion that agriculture can be “zero impact”.The key will be to abandon the rather simple and static measures of sustainability, which centre on the need to maintain production without increasing damage.Instead we need a more dynamic interpretation, one that looks at the pros and cons of all the various way land is used.There are many different ways to measure agricultural performance besides food yield: energy use, environmental costs, water purity, carbon footprint and biodiversity.It is clear, for example, that the carbon of transporting tomatoes from Spain to the UK is less than that of producing them in the UK with additional heating and lighting, but we do not know whether lower carbon footprints will always be better for biodiversity.
What is crucial is recognizing that sustainable agriculture is not just about sustainable food production.
72.How do people often measure progress in agriculture?
A.By its productivity B. By its impact on the environment
C.By its sustainability D.By its contribution to economic growth
73.What does the author think of traditional farming practices?
A.They have remained the same over the centuries
B.They have not kept pace with population growth
C.They are not necessarily sustainable
D.They are environmentally friendly
74.What will agriculture be like in the 21st century?
A.It will go through radical changes
B.It will supply more animal products
C.It will abandon traditional farming practices
D.It will cause zero damage to the environment
75.What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage?
A.To remind people of the need of sustainable development
B.To suggest ways of ensuring sustainable food production
C.To advance new criteria for measuring farming progress
D.To urge people to rethink what sustainable agriculture is.
三、完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分)
My classmates called me “the alien”, and they avoided me like the plague(瘟疫). As a young boy, I 36 from a serious skin disease, which filled my arms with scars. The true 37 of my condition, however, was social: I lived a life of loneliness.
Doctors predicted that I would never fully recover, but my parents encouraged me to hope for the future, teaching me that any difficulty could be 38_. I therefore took an active role in fighting against my disease, and my health 39 greatly before I graduated. I realized that my personal 40_ had led to this improvement. I regained self-confidence and made many friends at school.
Years later, 41 my personal battle against disease, I learned a great deal about 42 by overcoming difficulties.
I joined the Culture Club as a Special Event Director. I 43 a group of six students in organizing various activities. I was the most advanced student among the group, so I considered myself the most capable. But I quickly learned my 44 . While preparing for our first presentation, I was 45 with my team members and often rejected their 46 . I performed most of their tasks myself, allowing them to 47 me only with small details. As a result, the presentation was not very successful. The setback 48 me, and I mentioned it to the club’s director. She _49 that she trusted my ability to succeed in the future. This comment filled me with 50 , for I realized that I had never trusted my own team members.
Although they were 51 in English, they had many valuable talents. I immediately 52 my policy. For our program, we had many meetings, which gave 53 to many good ideas. Most 54_, the atmosphere among us improved dramatically. We were crazy and eager to devote time to the program, _55 I learned what true leadership is.
My experiences undoubtedly improved my ability to handle challenging situations.
36.A.judged B.separated C.prevented D.suffered
37.A.pain B.sign C.value D.meaning
|
40.A.joy B.goal C.will D.life
41.A.like B.over C.for D.in
42.A.ability B.quality C.leadership D.friendship
43.A.taught B.managedC.found D.followed
44.A.method B.mistake C.effort D.right
45.A.strict B.familiar C.patient D.satisfied
46.A.desires B.ideas C.tasks D.talents
47.A.help B.guide C.show D.remind
48.A.encouraged B.disturbed C.discouraged D.educated
49.A.found B.thought C.repeated D.responded
50.A.pride B.hope C.surprise D.delight
51.A.slow B.strong C.rich D.weak
52.A.deleted B.changed C.regretted D.considered
53.A.rise B.hand C.gift D.birth
54.A.importantly B.honestly C.necessarily D.respectably
55.A.and B.but C.or D.for
四、阅读理解(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)
Another man-made wonder of the United States was built long before the nation was established. About 900 years ago, the Ancestral Puebloan people built villages high in the walls of canyons in Colorado, where 600 cliff dwellings are now part of the Mesa Verde National Park.
Visitors can stand at the top of the mesas and look into the dwellings almost hidden in openings of the rock walls. The Puebloan people cut small steps into the rock, which connected buildings containing hundreds of rooms.
The rock walls have protected the buildings from severe weather in the area; therefore, they remain mostly unchanged in the hundreds of years since they were built.
Our final man-made wonder is in the northwestern city of Seattle, Washington. The Space Needle was built as the central structure for the 1962 World"s Fair.
The 184-meter-tall structure was designed by Edward Carlson, which has a wide base on the ground, with its middle narrow and a large ring-like structure on top. The structure was meant to look like a "flying saucer," a vehicle that was popular in science fiction space travel stories. The saucer includes an observation area and eating place. The restaurant slowly turns to provide visitors with a 360 degree view of Seattle.
The Space Needle, only costing about $4,500,000, was not very costly, and was designed and completed in about a year and opened on the first day of the World"s Fair.
Today, the Space Needle is the most popular place for visitors to Seattle. And it remains the internationally known symbol of the city.
56.What the passage before this one can be about?
A.Some natural wonders in the world.
B.Sightseeing in the US.
C.Some other artificial wonders in the US.
D.American geography.
57. What does the underlined word “dwelling” mean?
A. village B. house C. canyon D. step
58. Which of the following descriptions about the Space Needle is TRUE?
A. It is a man-made wonder in Washington, D.C..
B. Edward Carlson built the structure.
C. It has a ring-like structure on top.
D. It remains the internationally known symbol of the US.
59. What is the passage mainly about?
A. Visiting the US B. Man-made wonders in the US
C. Wonders in the world D. Famous places in the US
The “Bystander Apathy Effect” was first studied by researchers in New York after neighbours ignored --- and in some cases turned up the volume on their TVs --- the cries of a woman as she was murdered (over a half-hour period). With regard to helping those in difficulty generally, they found that:
women are helped more than men;
men help more than women;
attractive women are helped more than unattractive women.
Other factors relate to the number of people in the area, whether the person is thought to be in trouble through their own fault, and whether a person sees himself as being able to help.
According to Adrian Furnham, Professor of University College, London, there are three reasons why we tend to stand by doing nothing:
“Shifting of responsibility” --- the more people there are, the less likely help is to be given. Each person excuses himself by thinking someone else will help, so that the more “other people” there are, the greater the total shifting of responsibility.
“Fear of making a mistake” --- situations are often not clear. People think that those involved in an incident may know each other or it may be a joke, so a fear of embarrassment makes them keep themselves to themselves.
“Fear of the consequences if attention is turned on you, and the person is violent.”
Laurie Taylor, Professor of Sociology at London University, says: “In the experiments I’ve seen on intervention(介入), much depends on the neighborhood or setting. There is a silence on public transport which is hard to break. We are embarrassed to draw attention to something that is happening, while in a football match, people get involved , and a fight would easily follow.”
Psychotherapist Alan Dupuy identifies the importance of the individual: “the British as a whole have some difficulty intervention, but there are exceptional individuals in every group who are prepared to intervene, regardless of their own safety. These would be people with a strong moral code or religious ideals.”
60. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
A. Pretty women are more likely to be helped.
B. People on a bus are more likely to stop a crime.
C. Religious people are more likely to look on.
D. Criminals are more likely to harm women.
61. Which factor is NOT related with intervention according to the passage?
A. Sex. B. Nationality. C. Profession. D. Setting.
62. Which phenomenon can be described as the “Bystander Apathy Effect”?
A. A man is more likely to help than a woman.
B. In a football match, people get involved in a fight.
C. Seeing a murder, people feel sorry that it should have happened.
D. On hearing a cry for help, people keep themselves to themselves.
63. The author wrote this article _______.
A. to explain why bystanders behave as they do
B. to urge people to stand out when in need
C. to criticize the selfishness of bystanders
D. to analyze the weakness of human nature
The magnitude 7.9 quake struck Sichuan province on May 12 at around noontime, which may have increased the human death toll because many people were at school, and the school buildings turned out to be not firm enough to collapse because of poor construction. More than 69,000 people have been confirmed dead so far, and more than 374,000 injured, with fears of further disasters because several lakes created by rockfall dams may give way and cause sudden flooding.
Clark Burchfiel, Schlumberger Professor of Geology, and Leigh Royden, professor of geology and geophysics in the Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences at MIT, have been doing extensive research in that region of China and the Tibetan plateau(高原) for more than two decades, but had found no signs that suggested such a large earthquake might strike the area.
The team operated 25 broadband seismograph (地震仪) stations in this region of western Sichuan for more than a year. "Nobody was thinking there would be a major earthquake in that area," Royden says. "This earthquake was quite unusual, and may have involved a simultaneously(同时发生的) severe break of two separate but neighboring faults," she continued.
The region is extremely unusual geologically, Royden says, because of the very steep slopes at the boundary between the Sichuan Basin to the east and the Tibetan plateau to the west. The altitude rises sharply by about 3,500 meters (more than two miles) over a span of only about 50 kilometers (about 30 miles).
The area where the quake occurred is part of the boundary between two of the Earth"s structural plates, where the Indian and Asian plates meet in an ongoing collision that has created the Himalayan mountains and the Tibetan plateau. But in central and eastern Tibet, unlike most other areas of continental collision, much of the movement of crust(地壳) is hidden from view. Instead of thickening the entire crust by folding and faulting, the surface of the eastern Tibetan plateau is not deformed(变形的) and is being lifted upward by thickening of a weak crustal layer more than 15 km below the surface.
60. Why did the school buildings collapse in the earthquake, according to the passage?
A. They had too long a history.
B. They were poorly built.
C. They were crowded with students and teachers.
D. They were damaged by the earthquake.
61. Based on Para. 1, why does the writer think that more people will be killed or injured after
the earthquake?
A. Because there will be more aftershocks after the major quake.
B. Because more school buildings will collapse after the quake.
C. Because destructive flooding caused by rockfall dams is likely to occur..
D. Because there was not enough medical care for the injured in the area.
62. What can we infer from this passage?
A. There was no prediction that such a large-scale quake might occur there.
B. Researchers had done little research in that area before the earthquake struck it.
C. The 5.12 earthquake was the most destructive in the world.
D. If more research had been done, the destruction could have been avoided.
63. Which one can be used as the best title for this passage?
A. The Great Disasters.
B. The Earthquake was very frightening.
C. The Causes of the earthquake.
D. An Extremely Unusual Earthquake.
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