题目
题型:不详难度:来源:
Plants are flowering faster than scientists predicted(预测)in reaction to climate change, which could have long damaging effects on food chains and ecosystems.
Global warming is having a great effect on hundreds of plant and animal species around the world, changing some living patterns, scientists say.
Increased carbon dioxide(CO2)in the air from burning coal and oil can have an effect on how plants produce oxygen, while higher temperatures and changeable rainfall patterns can change their patterns of growth.
“Predicting species’ reaction to climate change is a major challenge in ecology,” said the researches of several U.S. universities. They said plants had been the key object of study because their reaction to climate change could have an effect on food chains and ecosystem services.
The study, published on the Nature website, uses the findings from plant life cycle studies and experiments across four continents and 1,634 species. It found that some experiments had underestimated(低估)the speed of flowering by 8.5 times and leafing by 4 times.
“Across all species, the experiments under-predicted the speed of the advance — for both leafing and flowering — that results from temperature increases,” the study said.
The design of future experiments may need to be improved to better predict how plants will react to climate change, it said.
Plants are necessary for life on the Earth. They are the base of the food chain, using photosynthesis(光合作用)to produce sugar from carbon dioxide and water. They let out oxygen which is needed by nearly every organism on the planet.
Scientists believe the world’s average temperature has risen by about 0.8℃ since 1900, and nearly 0.2℃ every ten years since 1979.
So far, efforts to cut emissions(排放)of planet-warming greenhouse gases are not seen as enough to prevent the Earth heating up beyond 2℃ this century — a point scientists say will bring the danger of a changeable climate in which weather extremes are common, leading to drought, floods, crop failures and rising sea levels.
小题1:What is the key information the author wants to give in Paragraph 1?
A.Plants’ reaction to weather could have damaging effects on ecosystem. |
B.The increasing speed of flowering is beyond scientists’ expectation. |
C.Climate change leads to the change of food production patterns. |
D.Food chains have been seriously damaged because of weather. |
A.plants’ flowering is 8.5 times faster than leafing |
B.there are 1,634 plant species on the four continents |
C.scientists should improve the design of the experiments |
D.the experiments failed to predict how plants react to climate change |
A.they can prove the climate change clearly |
B.they are very important in the food chains |
C.they play a leading role in reducing global warming |
D.they are growing and flowering much faster than before |
A.It has risen nearly 0.2℃ since 1979. |
B.Its change will lead to weather extremes. |
C.It is 0.8℃ higher in 1979 than that of 1990. |
D.It needs to be controlled within 2℃ in this century. |
答案
小题1:B
小题2:C
小题3:B
小题4:D
解析
小题1:细节理解题。第一段话给读者传达的主要信息存在于主句,而不是which所引导的定语从句上。根据“Plants are flowering faster than scientists predicted”可知,作者是要告知读者植物开花的增速超出了科学家的预期。故选B。A为次要信息。
小题2:推理判断题。第五段话“It found that some experiments had underestimated(低估)the speed of flowering by 8.5 times and leafing by 4 times”暗示读者:对于植物所设计的实验应该有所改进,故答案选C。
小题3:细节理解题。根据第四段“They said plants had been the key object of study because their reaction to climate change could have an effect on food chains and ecosystem services”可知植物对气候变化的反应对整个食物链和生态系统都至关重要。故答案选B。
小题4:推理判断题。从倒数第二段“…has risen by about 0.8℃ since 1900, and nearly 0.2℃ every ten years since 1979”可知A、C项错误;从最后一段叙述可知,如果本世纪地球变暖超过2℃,便会出现weather extremes。暗示我们这个世纪地球温度的上升需要控制在2℃的范围之内。故答案选D。
核心考点
试题【Plants are flowering faster than scientists predicted(预测)in reaction to climate 】;主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
If you are looking for an animal to take the title of “most violent fish in the sea”, then the tiger puffer (河豚) fish would have to be a strong contestant. Not only is it deadly poisonous --- though that doesn’t stop people trying to eat it --- but it is also able to scare off enemies by inflating itself to become much larger than normal, when it is young it even chews on its own brothers and sisters.
Tiger puffer fish attach their eggs to rocks near the bottom of the sea, often at the mouths of bays. Then the larvae (幼鱼) move to the entries of rivers and lakes once they have grown a little. Then, having put on a lot of weight, they head out to sea. There’s no innocent childhood for the puffer fish, as Shin Oikawa of Kyushu University in Japan and his colleagues found out when they put the larvae of tiger puffer fish in the lab and monitored them for two months. They found that the larvae went through three steps in which their metabolic(新陈代谢) rates increased dramatically when they reached body weights of 0.002g, 0.01g, and 0.1g. When a larva went through one of these steps, its behavior also changed. For instance, once a larva had passed the first level it would have grown its first tooth and could start attacking larvae that had not yet reached that stage. Similarly, any larva that had reached the 0.01g or 0.1g levels would start attacking lighter larvae.
The researchers noted that the baby fish had a “relatively small mouth”, so rather than swallowing their brothers and sisters whole, they would bite pieces out of them. Despite this limitation, the fish caused plenty of deaths --- up to 12 per cent of the deaths that happened in the lab each day.
Those fish that grew fast enough to be able to chew on their fellows had an advantage. The extra food accelerated their growth and development. Tiger puffer fish are likely to be faster and swifter, so they can deal better with enemies.
As the name suggests, puffer fish can inflate to make themselves seem much larger than they really are, thus scaring off enemies. They do this by filling their stomachs, which are extremely elastic(弹性的), with water. If that’s not enough of a threat, the tiger puffer fish --- like most of the other puffer fish in the family --- carries a deadly toxin(毒素). Eat one puffer fish and the poison will paralyze (瘫痪) your muscles, including the muscles responsible for breathing, so death is usually caused by a lack of oxygen. Famously, the fish is a delicacy in Japan, where highly qualified chefs produce dishes that contain the safe level of the poison. Interestingly, the puffer fish does not go to the trouble of producing the poison itself. Instead, it hosts bacteria (细菌) that produce the stuff. It obtains these bacteria from its diet, so the youngest adult fish are not poisonous.
小题1:All of the following statements account for the violence of puffer fish except that_____.
A.they are very difficult to catch |
B.they can become larger to threaten enemies away |
C.they kill their younger companions as they grow up |
D.they are deadly poisonous |
A.can only grow to a weight of 0.1g |
B.do not change their behavior as they grow up |
C.like to find a safe place to hatch the next generation |
D.begin to grow teeth when they reach the third level |
A.Its inner organs. | B.The air it breathes in. |
C.The diet it eats. | D.The bacteria around it. |
A.Puffer fish can only produce poison when they face danger. |
B.People like eating puffer fish even though they are poisonous. |
C.The larvae are more aggressive than adult puffer fish. |
D.Young puffer fish taste better than adult puffer fish. |
For those who are tired doing the laundry, Samsung has found an answer: a washing machine that can tell you when your laundry is done via a smartphone app(application).
Strange though it may seem — “my wife already does that” was a common response among attendees viewing the device when it was introduced at the Consumer Electronics Show (CES) this week — Samsung is just one of many appliance makers racing to install (安装) a large number of internet-connected features in machines in an effort to make them “smart”.
Last year, it was a refrigerator that tweeted. This year, it’s Wi-Fi-enabled laundry machines and fridges that can tell you when your groceries are going bad.
The washers and dryers, available starting in the spring, connect to any smartphone through a downloadable application. The phone can then be used as a remote control, so the machines can be turned on and off while their owners is at work or on the bus.
Samsung says it’s not just something new — the app connection actually has some practical uses.
“If you started to dry clothes in the morning and forgot to take them out, you can go to your phone and restart your dryer for the time when come home, so your clothes are refreshed and ready to go,” said spokesperson Amy Schmidt.
The company also says that with electricity rate(电价)varying depending on the time of day, more control over when the machines are used can help save money.
Perhaps, but what they will probably really accomplish is what all good technologies do —enable laziness. Rather than getting up to check on whether the laundry is done, users will instead monitor it on their phones while watching TV.
小题1:What can be inferred from the common response of the attendees at the CES?
A.The machine will be a big success. |
B.their wives like doing the laundry. |
C.The machine is unrelated to their life. |
D.This kind of technology is familiar to them. |
A.They can tell you when your clothes need washing |
B.They can be controlled with a smartphone |
C.They are difficult to operate |
D.They are sold at a low price |
A.the app connection makes life easier |
B.it is better to dry clothes in the morning |
C.smartphone can shorten the drying time |
D.we should refresh clothes back at home |
A.The laundry should be frequently checked |
B.Lazy people like using such machines |
C.Good technologies also cause problems |
D.Television may help do the laundry. |
Honey(蜂蜜)from the African forest is not only a kind of natural sugar, it is also delicious. Most people, and many animals, like eating it. However, the only way for them to get that honey is to find a wild bees" nest(巢)and take the honey from it. Often, these nests are high up in trees, and it is difficult to find them. In parts of Africa, though, people and animals looking for honey have a strange and unexpected helper一a little bird called a honey guide.
The honey guide does not actually like honey, but it does like the wax (蜂蜡) in the beehives (蜂房). The little bird cannot reach this wax, which is deep inside the bees’ nest. So, when it finds a suitable nest, it looks for someone to help it. The honey guide gives a loud cry that attracts the attention of both passing animals and people. Once it has their attention, it flies through the forest, waiting from time to time for the curious animal or people as it leads them to the nest. When they
finally arrive at the nest, the follower reaches in to get at the delicious honey as the bird patiently waits and watches. Some of the honey, and the wax, always falls to the ground, and this is when the honey guide takes its share.
Scientists do not know why the honey guide likes eating the wax, but it is very determined in its efforts to get it. The birds seem to be able to smell wax from a long distance away. They will quickly arrive whenever a beekeeper is taking honey from his beehives, and will even enter churches when beeswax candles are being lit.
小题1:Why is it difficult to find a wild bees" nest?
A.It"s small in size. |
B.It"s hidden in trees. |
C.It"s covered with wax. |
D.It"s hard to recognize. |
A.A bee. | B.A bird. |
C.A honey seeker. | D.A beekeeper. |
A.it gets its food |
B.it goes to church |
C.it sings in the forest |
D.it reaches into bees" nests |
A.Wild Bees |
B.Beekeeping in Africa |
C.Wax and Honey |
D.Honey-Lover"s Helper |
Mark and his brother Jason both were looking at the shining new computer enviously. Jason was determined not to go against their father’s wishes but Mark was more adventurous than his brother. He loved experimenting and his aim was to become a scientist like his father.
“Dad will be really mad if he finds out you’ve been playing with his new computer.” Jason said, “He told us not to touch it.”
“He won’t find out.” Mark said, “I’ll just have a quick look and shut it down.”
Mark had been scolded before for touching his father’s equipment. But his curiosity was difficult to control and this new computer really puzzled him.
It was a strange-looking machine –one his dad had brought home from the laboratory where he worked. “It’s an experimental model,” his father had explained, “so don’t touch it under any circumstances.” But his father"s warning only served to make Mark more curious. Without any further thought, Mark turned on the power switch. The computer burst into life and seconds later, the screen turned into colors, shifting and changing and then two big white words appeared in the center of the screen: “SPACE TRANSPORTER.”
“Yes!” Mark cried excitedly, “It’s a computer game. I knew it! Dad’s only been pretending to work. He’s really been playing games instead.” A new message appeared on the screen:
“ENTER NAMES
VOYAGER 1: …
VOYAGER 2: …”
Mark’s fingers flew across the keyboard as he typed in both of their names.
“INPUT ACCEPTED. START TRANSPORT PROGRAM. AUTO-RETRIEVE INITIATED(自动回收程序已启动).”
The screen turned even brighter and a noise suddenly rose in volume.
“I think we’d better shut it off, Mark,” Jason yelled, reaching for the power switch. He was really frightened.
But his hand never reached the switch. A single beam of dazzling white light burst out of the computer screen, wrapping the boys in its glow (光芒), until they themselves seemed to be glowing. Then it died down just as suddenly as it had burst into life. And the boys were no longer there. On the screen, the letters changed.
“TRANSPORT SUCCESSFUL. DESTINATION(目的地): MARS. RETRIEVE DATE: 2025.”
小题1:Why did Mark touch the computer against his father’s warning?
A.He wanted to take a voyage. |
B.He wanted to practice his skill |
C.He was so much attracted by it. |
D.He was eager to do an experiment. |
A.In an electronic factory. |
B.In a computer company. |
C.In a scientific research center. |
D.In an information processing center. |
A.a computer game | B.a company website |
C.a software producer | D.an astronomy program |
A.He was afraid of being scolded. |
B.He didn’t like the loud noise and light. |
C.He didn’t want to play games any more. |
D.He was afraid something dangerous might happen. |
A.They were blown into the air. |
B.They were sent to another planet. |
C.They were hidden in the strong light. |
D.They were carried away to another country |
Seven loyal readers came to the Teens’ office two weeks ago. They had a wonderful day learning how to make a newspaper. But what 36 made them excited was that they had their say(发表意见).
“What most impressed me was 37 I was saying something, I found all eyes were 38 me,” said Tang Shining, one of the students. Her friend, Li Chunbei agreed, and felt very glad that when she was talking, the editors nodded and even 39 notes.
Students were happy to see the editors listen to their 40 . You may often 41 about being neglected (忽略) by teachers and parents. 42 before complaining, please 43 that you have already spoken about your thoughts.
It’s common in China that teachers at school and parents were 44 the ones to tell teenagers what they should and shouldn’t do. The young are 45 to doing what they are told, rather than thinking by themselves. But then their ideas would be locked in their brains and not be 46 .
A girl wrote to Teens about her family 47 . She used to be very sad because her father seldom talked and played with her. After years of consideration, she 48 decided to write her father a letter, telling him about her sadness. To her 49 , the father 50 , saying that he didn’t realize his mistakes. From then on, he really 51 .
Sometimes, we need to let our 52 be heard, so others can understand our thoughts and feelings. Don’t be afraid of being 53 for what you have done. You know it is your 54 to speak your mind. 55 your ideas are denied (否定), at least you have tried your best. You will not be left with any regret.
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