题目
题型:不详难度:来源:
Earlier studies have recorded half-brain sleep in a wide range of birds. The brain hemispheres take turns sinking into the sleep stage characterized by slow brain waves. The eye controlled by the sleeping hemisphere keeps shut, while the wakeful hemisphere’s eye stays open and alert. Birds also can sleep with both hemispheres resting at once.
Decades of studies of bird groups led researchers to predict extra alertness in the end-of-the-row sleepers which tend to be attacked more easily. Sure enough, the end birds tended to watch carefully on the side away from their companions. Ducks in the inner spots showed no preference for gaze(注视) direction.
Also, birds napping (打盹) at the end of the line depend on single-hemisphere sleep, rather than total relaxation, more often than inner ducks did. Turning 16 birds through the positions in a four-duck row, the researchers found that compared with 12 percent for birds in inner spots, outer birds half-asleep during some 32 percent of napping time.
“We believe this is the first evidence for an animal behaviorally controlling sleep and wakefulness at the same time in different regions of the brain,” the researchers say.
The results provide the best evidence for a long-standing assumption that single-hemisphere sleep developed over time as creatures scanned for enemies. The preference for opening an eye on the lookout side could be widespread, he predicts. He’s seen it in a pair of birds napping side-by-side in the zoo and in a single pet bird sleeping by a mirror. The mirror-side eye closed as if the reflection were a companion and the other eye stayed open.
Useful as half-sleeping might be, it’s only been found in birds and such water animals as dolphins, whales, and seals. Perhaps keeping one side of the brain awake allows a sleeping animal to surface occasionally to avoid drowning.
Studies of birds may offer unique insights into sleep. Jerome M. Siegel of the UCLA says he wonders if birds’ half-brain sleep “is just the tip of the iceberg.” He supposes that more examples may turn up when we take a closer look at other species.
小题1:According to the passage, birds often half sleep because ______.
A.they have to watch out for possible attacks |
B.their brain hemispheres take turns to rest |
C.the two halves of their brain are differently organized |
D.they have to constantly keep an eye on their companions |
A.An imagined companion gives the bird a sense of security. |
B.Birds prefer to sleep in pairs for the sake of their security. |
C.The phenomenon of birds napping in pairs is widespread. |
D.A single pet bird enjoys seeing its own reflection in the mirror. |
A.Birds never sleep with both hemispheres resting at once. |
B.Inner ducks depend on single-hemisphere sleep, rather than total relaxation, as often as birds napping at the end of the line do |
C.It is not the first time for scientists to research on birds’ half-brain sleep |
D.Birds hardly sleep without a companion |
A.half-brain sleep has something to do with icy weather |
B.the mystery of half-brain sleep is close to being solved |
C.most birds living in cold regions tend to be half sleepers |
D.half-brain sleep may exist among other species |
答案
小题1:A
小题2:A
小题3:C
小题4:D
解析
小题1:细节理解题。结合single-hemisphere sleep developed over time as creatures scanned for enemies(半睡眠是动物为防范敌人进化而来的)可知答案。
小题2:推理判断题。结合第六段后两句,即鸟在镜子前睡觉的例子是对本段前两句的进一步佐证。The preference for opening an eye on the lookout side... 是为了对敌人的进攻保持警觉,而The mirror-side eye closed是因为as if the reflection were a companion(好像镜中的影像是它的同伴一样) 为鸟提供安全感。
小题3:推理判断题。结合Earlier studies have recorded half-brain sleep in a wide range of birds可知答案。
小题4:推理判断题。根据最后一段可知“对鸟类的研究或许能使人们以独特的视角了解睡眠。M. Siegel说,他认为鸟类的半睡眠‘只是冰山浮出水面的那一角’,并推断当我们更深入地研究其他物种时还会发现更多类似的例子。”故D项为正确答案。
核心考点
试题【Birds that are half-asleep — with one brain hemisphere (半球) alert(警觉) and the ot】;主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
The experiment lasted a month and by the end of the study scientists managed to discover that tomato plants grew up two inches taller when women gardeners talked to them instead of male.
Sarah Darwin was the one making the plants the best growth. Her voice was the most “inspiring” for plants than those of nine other gardeners when reading a passage from The Origin of Species. The great-great-granddaughter of the famous botanist (植物学家)Charles Darwin found that her plant grew about two inches taller than the plant of the best male gardener.
Colin Crosbie, Garden Superintendent at RHS, said that the finding cannot yet be explained.He says that women have a greater range of pitch and tone(音高和音色)which might have a certain effect on the sound waves that reach the plant. “Sound waves are an environmental effect just like rain or light ,”said Mr Grosbie.
The study began in April at RHS Garden Wisley in Survey. Scientists started with open auditions(听力) for the people who were asked to record passages from John Wyndham"s The Day of the Triffids, Shakespeare’s A Midsummer"s Night Dream and Darwin"s The Origin of Species.
Afterwards researchers selected a number of different voices and played them to 10 tomato plants during a period of a month. Each plant had headphones connected to it. Through the headphones the sound waves could hit the plants. It was discovered that plants that “listened” to female voices grew taller by an inch in comparison to plants that heard male voices.
小题1:What does the passage talk about?
A.Plants enjoy men’s voices than women’s. |
B.A science experiment in a museum. |
C.Voice’s influence on plant growing. |
D.Strange findings at Royal Horticultural Society. |
A.Plants need sound as well as rain and light. |
B.Sound is basic for the plant to grow. |
C.Sound has a good effect as rain or light does. |
D.Plants can’t live without sound, rain or light. |
A.The experiment ended in May. |
B.Scientist can explain the findings clearly. |
C.Plants enjoy listening to the passages from famous works. |
D.The findings are of great importance to human beings. |
The ancient Olympic Games was in the year 776BC. They were held at Olympia in Greece every four years, for almost 12 centuries, until AD394.
The contemporary Olympics were first held in 1896, in Athens. It was a Frenchman, Pierre de Coubertin, who brought the Olympics back to life. He dreamt that the Olympics would make it possible for 56. 各国人民和平相处. Now people all over the world are helping to realize this dream. Among them are many well-known athletes.
57. 中国运动员为奥运会做出了重要贡献。At the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics, the People’s Republic of China returned to the Olympics after 32 years’ absence. I am sure the whole of China must have felt proud when Xu Haifeng won the first gold medal for his country. 58. Deng Yaping is perhaps the greatest female table tennis player in the world. At the 2004 Athens Olympic Games, Liu Xiang excited people all over Asia when he became the first Asian to win the gold medal in the men’s 110-metre hurdles.
59. The Chinese led the way at the 2008 Beijing Olympics, winning 51 gold medals. For the first time in history, the Chinese women’s gymnastics team won the gold medal.
These are some of the Olympic athletes who have brought joy to people across the world with their attempts to push the boundaries of human achievement. We are looking forward to seeing more of them in future Olympic Games. 60. Join us in wishing the Olympic Movement a successful future.
1)Take the medicine with water, followed by one tablet every eight hours as required. For further night-time and early morning, take two tablets at bedtime. Do not take more than six tablets in 24 hours. For Children six to twelve years old, go to your doctor for advice. Reduce dosage(剂量) if nervousness, restlessness or sleeplessness takes place.
2)Each pill of the medicine taken three times every day for fourteen years old. As usual, a pill 6:00 a. m. before breakfast, one before 11:00 and one before sleep. Not for children under six years old and old persons with heart attack.
3)The medicine for a person with a fever. Once two pills a day before sleep for adult. Not take the medicine without fever. Half for Children under 12 years old. Children with a high fever go to see a doctor.
4)The medicine taken three times a day. Once five pills for adult with a cold. Half of the pills for children 10 years old. Take the medicine before breakfast, lunch, supper or before sleep.
小题1:Obviously a kind of medicine can’t be proper for____judging from the information.
A.some old persons with heart attack |
B.some old persons with a fever |
C.children over twelve years old |
D.neither adults nor heart attack |
A.have twice a day |
B.have about more than fourteen pills a day |
C.have four times a day |
D.have nine pills a day |
A.All of them. | B.Three kinds of medicine. |
C.Two kinds of medicine. | D.Almost not any medicine. |
You might think that a British person with a degree will find it easy to get a well-paid job. However, most people in white-collar jobs seem to have a degree these days, so there is a lot of competition. Also, British companies tend to value work experience over a piece of paper. Like everyone else, graduates usually have to start at the bottom and work their way up. That can be very frustrating for them, since they are often over-qualified for the work they are doing. While at university, they have dreams of getting an exciting, challenging job. Therefore, life after university ends up being quite disappointing for a lot of graduates.
All of the above is beginning to make British people question whether a university degree is really worth the money.
小题1:What"s the best title of this passage?
A.What"s a University Education worth in the UK? |
B.There is a lot of competition in the UK |
C.There won"t be any University Place left for British students |
D.It doesn"t cost students more and more to attend university |
A.University Education is really worth the money in England |
B.University Education is worth all over the world except in England |
C.British education is becoming more expensive for a majority of British students |
D.British students don"t like to go to university |
A.The average British person didn"t leave their parents" home until they are 35 years old |
B.Having a degree doesn"t get aBritish person a good job |
C.Students are graduating without larger and larger debts. |
D.things are easier for students from other countries coming to study |
小题4:The word "interest" in paragraph2 means_______
A. money paid for a week"s work |
B. money borrowed from a band |
C. a regular monthly salary |
D. extra money paid on a loan or bank savings |
What should you do to be out of danger?
1. As you sit in any crowd, pick out an exit(出口) which is not the one where most persons enter and plan to use if necessary.
2. If a rush stairs, do not get into it . Stay still. Let it pass. Then go to the exit you have chosen.
3. Do not cry out. Speak quietly. Act calmly.
4.Do not stop for your hat and coat unless they are at hand.
5. If there is smoke, crouch. The best air is about three feet above the floor.
6. When you are outside the building, stay out. Many dead would be alive if they had not returned for something.
7. When you get out, move far from the door so that others can get out.
小题1:The first paragraph tells us that over two hundred people lost their lives because of_________.
A.a fire | B.a call for water |
C. falling downstairs | D.panic |
A.run with the others. |
B.call for help as loudly as you can. |
C.hurry at once to an exit. |
D.stay still until the crowd has passed. |
A.stay outside. |
B.go back for your wallet. |
C.return to ask people not to run. |
D.stand near the exit. |
A.the smoke can get out. |
B.you will not get burned |
C.others may leave. |
D.others may enter. |
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