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Babies understand what their mothers say, even when they speak a language their children have never heard before, scientists claim.
The researchers found that one-year-olds reacted in exactly same way to their mothers’ voices regardless of whether they were speaking English or Greek, showing what mothers have long known – that babies pick up on tone of voice rather than the words themselves.
The researchers, from Cardiff University’s School of Psychology, observed babies as they watched their mothers perform actions with toys using the English words “whoops” and “there”. The scientists studied reactions from one-year-old babies to their mums’ voices even when they were speaking both English and Greek, and keeping the same tone of voice. The academics found that babies reproduced the same reactions regardless of whether they knew the language.  
Study leader Dr Merideth Gattis of Cardiff University’s School of Psychology says, “What this work showed was that children could have access to understanding simply through tone of voice. We did ‘whoops’ and ‘there’ in two languages and got exactly the same results.” The research, published in the journal Cognitive Development, was conducted on 84 babies aged between 14 and 18 months, over the course of a year, with none of the babies having any previous exposure to Greek.
Dr Gattis says that children respond to tone clues in their parents’ voices from an early age.
She says, “Tone of voice is a really useful signal of what someone is thinking. We never have direct access to other people’s minds, except the signals in language that they give out.” She says the study shows that it is less important what parents say than how they say it.
Dr Gattis adds, “A child may ask if you like his / her drawing, for example. You might say yes, but if you don’t sound enthusiastic, the meaning may not get across.” Before children begin to speak, parents should use exaggerated tone when speaking to them.
小题1:According to the text, what have mothers long-known?
A.Babies have a better understanding of English.
B.Babies pick up on tone of voice.
C.Babies like their mothers’ performances.
D.Babies like drawing from an early age.
小题2:Which of the following is TRUE, according to the study?
A.Tone of voice is the most useful sign of what someone is thinking.
B.After children begin to speak, tone becomes unimportant.
C.The babies acted the same way regardless of the language.
D.The research was conducted on 48 babies.
小题3:According to the text, Dr. Gattis believes that _________.
A.we have no access to other people’s minds
B.babies can’t understand what “yes” means
C.parents should always sound enthusiastic
D.how a parent speaks is more important than what he or she says
小题4:What’s the text mainly about?
A.The content of the journal Cognitive Development.
B.The famous works of Dr. Gattis.
C.Babies understanding their mothers through tone.
D.Babies having the potential to learn language well.
小题5:The text can be classified as _________.
A.a reportB.an advertisementC.a handbookD.a guide

答案

小题1:B
小题2:C
小题3:D
小题4:C
小题5:A
解析

试题分析:本文属于研究报告,讲述的是不管孩子讲述的什么语言,孩子都可以通过父母讲话的语调来理解父母的意思。
小题1:B 细节题。根据文章第二段2,3行showing what mothers have long known – that babies pick up on tone of voice rather than the words themselves.可知B项内容正确。
小题2:C 细节题。根据文章第二段1,2行The researchers found that one-year-olds reacted in exactly same way to their mothers’ voices regardless of whether they were speaking English or Greek,可知无论是何种语言,孩子都可以理解母亲。故C正确。
小题3:D 推理题。根据文章第四段2,3行“What this work showed was that children could have access to understanding simply through tone of voice.可知孩子理解父母亲是根据父母说话的音调。所以D项父母亲如何说话要比说的内容更重要。故D正确。
小题4:C 主旨大意题。根据文章3,4段可知本文中的这次研究主要讲述的是孩子可以通过母亲讲话的音调来理解母亲的意思。故C正确。
小题5:A 推理题。本文属于科学研的报告,不是广告,手册和导游书。故A正确。
点评:本文讲述的是不管孩子讲述的什么语言,孩子都可以通过父母讲话的语调来理解父母的意思。本文以细节题的考查为主,细节题是针对文中某个细节、某句话或某部分具体内容设置问题,正确答案的根据一定可以在原文中找到,即原文的改写往往成为正确选项。通常细节题的正确选项有以下特征:对原文句子中的关键词进行替换。把原文中的一些词换成意义相近的词,成为正确选项。词性或者语态的变化。把原文中的一些词变换一下词性,或者改变原文句子的语态,给考生制造障碍。语言简化。把原文中的复杂语言现象进行简化,成为正确答案。正话反说。把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项(适用于寻找错误选项的题目)。
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试题【Babies understand what their mothers say, even when they speak a language their 】;主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
About 97% of the world"s water is salty and is found in our oceans and seas. But, as we can"t drink seawater, how can it be important?
Every part of our seas and oceans contains an amazing number of animals and fish that live at different ocean depths. Most of the different species of animals and fish depend on simple plants for their food. These simple plants called algae (海藻) drift near the surface of the ocean and use sunlight to turn carbon dioxide and water into food and oxygen. In fact, algae produce over half of the oxygen people breathe. How important seawater is!
Each plant or animal in our seas and oceans is an important link in a food chain. The algae are eaten in large amounts by microscopic animals, which are in turn consumed by larger animals. These food chains are delicately balanced.
The bad news about the food chains in the oceans is that they are under threat because of man. People once thought that the oceans were so big that it didn"t matter if we dumped rubbish into them or caught huge quantities of fish and whales for food. But we now know this is not true and fish stocks in the oceans have started to drop.
Thankfully, the world is taking steps to protect the future of our oceans by introducing international agreements to protect marine habitats. Most countries have introduced fishing restrictions to protect fish stocks in the oceans and new techniques are being pioneered to cope with pollution. Finally, the importance of protecting oceans is being made known to more people. This is just the beginning of a long process to protect the oceans for our future. We depend on the oceans for fish which are an important part of the human diet. How important seawater is!
小题1:People used to think that the rubbish thrown into the sea ________.
A.wouldn"t harm the fish in the sea
B.would change the balance of the food chain
C.would be broken down in the sea
D.wouldn"t do much harm to the sea
小题2:From the passage, we learn that ________. 
A.most fish and sea animals live at the surface of the seas
B.it is very difficult to break the balance of a food chain
C.excessive fishing has caused the decrease in fish stock
D.it won"t be long before the problems concerning oceans will be solved
小题3:Which of the following is NOT a way being used to protect oceans?
A.The use of international agreements.
B.Forbidding fishing to protect fish stocks.
C.The use of new techniques.
D.Raising people"s awareness of the need to protect oceans.
小题4:What would be the BEST title of the passage?
A. The importance of seawater.
B. Life in the oceans.
C. How to protect food chains.
题型:不详难度:| 查看答案
If you find that your teacher is unfair to you, think about what is happening. Try to find out whether your teacher really dislikes you, or whether something else is going on. Here are some questions to ask yourself:
小题1:  Ask your classmates if they are having trouble with the teacher, too. If they say yes, perhaps your teacher is to blame.
Are you working up to your ability? Maybe you got a C in your last test, and your teacher told you that you could do better. And the kid sitting beside you got a C, too.小题2:  Isn’t this unfair? Well, it could be that your teacher knows that you could do better if you put more effort into it.  小题3:
小题4: There’s nothing wrong with being sensitive (敏感的) ,but if you react to criticism quite differently from others, this could be a reason why you think your teacher doesn’t like you.
Does your teacher seem to act unfairly all the time, or just once in a while? Think about the harsh (苛刻的) things your teacher has done to you. Are these things happening every day, or just once or twice a month? If your teacher really hates you, you would probably be picked on all the time.小题5: 
A.Are you the only person being treated badly, or is your teacher rough on the whole class?
B.Are you getting along well with your classmates?
C. Are you more sensitive than other students?
D. Are you interested in your lessons?
E . If your teacher has acted unfairly only a few times, then there’s probably something else going on.
F.Teachers often grade students by different standards.
G.But the teacher didn’t say anything to him!
题型:不详难度:| 查看答案
Air is an odorless (无气味的), invisible (看不见的) gas that surrounds the earth. It is everywhere on the planet. An “empty” drinking glass and an “empty” room, to give two examples, are not really empty. Each is filled with air. When the glass is filled with water, the water pushes the air out of the glass.
Air, as a gas, has no definite (明确的) shape, but, because it is matter, it takes up space. It is easy to prove that air is something that takes up space. Stuff a dry handkerchief into the bottom(底部) of a glass so that it will not fall out when the glass is turned upside-down. Push the upside-down glass; hold it straight into a jar of water till the glass is completely covered. When the glass is taken out of water, the handkerchief will be dry. The air inside the glass takes up space and keeps the water from coming in.
小题1:What does the underlined word “Stuff” (in Paragraph 2) mean?
A.Press tightly. B.Take out.
C.Put down.D.Turn fully.
小题2:The writer tells us that _______.
A.the experiment is done in the laboratory
B.the experiment is done outside the room
C.the experiment is easily done
D.the experiment is carried out indoors
小题3:Which of the following pictures gives us the correct result?
( W—water;  A—air;  H—handkerchief )

题型:不详难度:| 查看答案
When you practice reading with passages shorter than book length, do not try to take in each word separately, one after the other. It is much more difficult to grasp the broad theme of the passage this way, and you will also get the stuck on individual words which may not be absolutely essential to a general understanding of the passage. It is a good idea to skim through the passage very quickly first to get the general idea of each paragraph. Titles, paragraph headings and emphasized word can be a great help in getting this skeleton outline of the passage. It is surprising how many people do not read titles, introductions or paragraph headings. Can you, without looking back, remember the title of this passage and the heading of this paragraph?
Most paragraphs of a passage or chapter have a "topic sentence" which expresses the central idea. The remaining sentence expand or support that idea. It has been estimated that between 60% and 90% of all expositive(说明的)paragraphs in English have the topic sentence first. Always pay special attention to the first sentence of a paragraph; it is most likely to give you the main idea.
Sometimes , though , the first sentence in the paragraph does not have the feel of "main idea" sentence. It does not seem to give us enough new information to justify a paragraph. The next most likely place to look for the topic sentence is the last sentence of the paragraph.
Remember that the opening and closing paragraphs of a passage or chapter are particularly important . The opening paragraph suggests the general direction and content of the piece, while the closing paragraph often summarizes the very essence (精髓).
小题1:It is a good idea to skim through a passage quickly first ________.
A.at about 350 w. P.m.(words per minute)
B.to get the general idea of each paragraph
C.so that you can take in each word separately
D.to make sure you get to the end at least once
小题2:The topic sentence of an expository paragraph in English_______.
A.usually comes in the middle
B.is most likely to be found at the end
C.is most often at the beginning
D.is usually left out in expository writing
小题3:Most expository paragraphs in English have a clearly defined topic sentence. In such paragraphs the topic sentence comes first ________.
A.in about 40% of casesB.in about 80% of cases
C.in about 20% casesD.very rarely
小题4:Some times we know the first sentence is not the topic sentence because ________.
A.it does not seem to give us enough new information
B.it is not long enough
C.it does not come at the beginning
D.it does not make complete sentence

题型:不详难度:| 查看答案
Extract 1(摘录一)
A computer
A computer is an "information processor". It is given information, called "data", instructed to do certain things and then show us the results. The data put into the computer is called the" input" and the results which come out are the "output". Some people say the circle of large standing stones at Stonehenge is a kind of computer. Prehistory people worked out their calendar from the position of the shadows made by the sun shining on the stones.
Extract 2
Teach yourself new subjects and skills at your own pace with a home computer. Use it to help with schoolwork, for self-improvement, even to improve your career skills. Learn touchtyping.
Foreign languages or computer programming. A home computer can help children of all ages learn classroom subjects such as spelling, geography and others. In fact it makes learning fun. So if you want to teach yourself, or help your children teach themselves---get a home computer. It can also help you manage your personal finances(经济)or help you to work taxes and plan household budgets(预算).You can make business a pleasure with a home computer.
小题1:The writer introduces the words such as "input" and "output" in order to_____.
A.introduce people to computer language
B.show computer language is the same as English
C.help people some scientific language
D.give people some scientific language
小题2:Why does the writer talk about Stonehenge in Extract 1?
A.To give an example of the very first computer.
B.To show that computers are older than mankind.
C.To tell the difference between the past and the present.
D.To give another way of explaining computers.
小题3:If you think of the circle of large standing stones as a computer,_____.
A.the shadow is the input and the position is the output
B.the sunlight is the input and the calendar is the output
C.the position is the input and the sunlight is the output
D.the calendar is the input and the shadow is the output
小题4:Extract 2 is probably taken from_____.
A.a computer textbookB.a company"s advertisement
C.a teach-yourself computer bookD.a children"s guide to computers

题型:不详难度:| 查看答案
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