Legends about the development of coffee are varied and interesting, involving chance occurrences, political tricks, and the pursuit of wealth and power.
According to one story, a sheepherder named Kaldi, as he tended his sheep, noticed the effect of coffee beans. He noticed that the sheep became excited after eating the red “cherries" from a certain plant when they changed pastures (牧场). He tried it himself, and was soon as overactive as his sheep. Another story relates that a monk happened to discover that this fruit from the shiny green plant could help him stay awake.
Another legend gives us the name for coffee, “mocha”. Omar, an Arabian was thrown to the desert with his followers to die of starvation. In desperation, Omar had his friends boil and eat the fruit from an unknown plant. Not only did the soup save the group, but the residents of the nearest town, Mocha, took their survival as a religious sign. The plant and its beverage (饮料) were named Mocha to honor this event.
Coffee was introduced much later to countries beyond Arabia, whose inhabitants believed it to be a tasty thing and guarded its secret as if they were top secret military plans. The government forbade transportation of the plant out of the Moslem nations. The actual spread of coffee was started illegally. One Arab named Baba Budan smuggled (走私) beans to some mountains near Mysore, India, and started a farm there. Early in this century, some of those original plants were found still growing fruitfully in the region.
Coffee today is grown and enjoyed worldwide, and is one of the few crops that small farmers in third-world countries can profitably export.
小题1:What does the second paragraph mainly talk about?| A．A sheepherder used coffee beans to keep sheep excited. | | B．Coffee was a special kind of red cherry from a certain plant. | | C．A sheepherder and a monk accidently discovered coffee’s effect. | | D．Sheep ate a lot of coffee beans while they changed pastures. |
小题2:Which of the following involves political tricks?| A．Kaldi’s story. | B．The monk’s story. | | C．Omar’s story. | D．Baba Budan’s story. |
小题3:Mocha is originally the name of ______.| A．a town | B．an Arabian | C．a kind of coffee | D．a sheepherder |
小题4:What can be the best title for the text?| A．The Secret of Coffee | B．The Tales of Coffee | | C．People’s Love for Coffee | D．The Function of Coffee |
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小题1:C
小题2:D
小题3:A
小题4:B |
试题分析：文章讲述了咖啡这种饮品的发现，传播的经过。同时也讲述了咖啡这种饮品的功能。
小题1:C细节理解题。本段大意：一个叫Kaldi的牧羊人注意到他的羊在吃了这种咖啡豆之后非常的兴奋，他也尝试吃了一点儿发现，自己也和羊一样。第二和咖啡有关的故事是一个伴侣在吃了咖啡之后发现自己总是很清醒，睡不着。所以第二自然段讲述的是咖啡的作用的发现过程。
小题2:D细节理解题。The actual spread of coffee was started illegally. One Arab named Baba Budan smuggled (走私) beans to some mountains near Mysore, India, and started a farm there.
句意为：咖啡的真正传播刚开始是非法的，阿拉伯人Baba Budan 走私了一些咖啡到了印度附近的Mysore地方，由此可知Baba Budan 做的事情卷入了政治。
小题3:A细节理解题。Not only did the soup save the group, but the residents of the nearest town, Mocha, took their survival as a religious sign. The plant and its beverage (饮料) were named Mocha to honor this event.句意为：这种咖啡饮品不仅救了他们，而且最近的小镇Mocha里的居民把他们的幸存视做宗教的信号，这种植物还有它的饮料补命名为Mocha以纪念个事件。
小题4:B主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了三个方面的问题，一是咖啡功能的发现；二是咖啡被命名为Mocha的原因；三是咖啡对外的传播，以及刚开始与政治的关系。所以本文讲述的都是有关咖啡的事情，因此答案应为B |
核心考点
试题【Legends about the development of coffee are varied and interesting, involving ch】；主要考察你对
题材分类等知识点的理解。
[详细]举一反三
We know that sugary sodas aren’t good for our bodies. Now it turns out that they may not be good for our minds, either. A new study of more than 260,000 people has found a link between sweetened soft-drinks and depression, and diet sodas may be making matters worse.
Americans drink far more sodas than people in other countries— as much as 170 liters per person per year. But the impact of this study isn’t limited to the United States. “Sweetened drinks, coffee and tea are commonly consumed worldwide and have important physical consequences. And they may have important mental-health consequences as well,” study author Dr Honglei Chen said in a statement.
The study studied 263,925 people between the ages of 50 and 71. Researchers followed their consumption of drinks like soda, tea coffee, and other soft drinks from 1995 to 1996 and then. 10 years later, asked them if they had been diagnosed with depression since the year 2000. More than 11,3000 of them had.
Participants who drank more than four servings of sodas per day were 30 percent more likely to develop depression than participants who did not drink sodas at all. People who stuck with fruit punch(鸡尾酒), had a 38 percent higher risk than people who didn’t drink sweetened drinks. And all that extra sugar isn’t the actual problem. Researchers say that the artificial sweetener aspartame may be to blame.
The study found a link but could not surely determine whether sodas and other sweet soft drinks cause depression. Still, the results “are consistent with a small but growing body of evidence suggesting that artificially sweetened beverages may be linked to poor health outcomes.”
But there’s a bright side for those who can’t live without their daily sodas. Adults who drank coffee had a 10 percent lower risk of depression compared to people who didn’t drink any coffee, according to the study. “Our research suggests that cutting out or down on sweetened diet drinks or replacing them with unsweetened coffee may naturally help lower your depression risk,” said Chen.
小题1:What has the new study of more than 260,000 people found?| A．Sugary sodas aren’t good for the physical health of old people. | | B．Americans have a special tooth for sweet foods. | | C．Sweetened soft-drinks may increase the risk of depression. | | D．Sweetened soft-drinks have important physical consequences. |
小题2:What do we know about the process of the study?| A．About twenty-six thousand people participated in it. | | B．The oldest participants were below 80 when the study was over. | | C．Most of the participants had depression when the study was over. | | D．The study lasted more than ten years from the beginning to the end. |
小题3:We infer that the underlined word “aspartame” in Paragraph 4 refers to something that _____.| A．can reduce the harm of sweetened drinks | | B．is used to reduce the risk of depression | | C．is mainly used to make fruit punch | | D．is used to make something .sweet |
小题4:It is implied in the passage that ______.| A．more research is needed to confirm the new findings | | B．the new findings aren’t consistent with any previous findings | | C．cutting one’s sodas intake will surely reduce one’s depression | | D．the new findings won’t have an impact on people’s drinking habits |
小题5:What should you drink in order to reduce the risk of depression?| A．Sodas. | | B．Unsweetened coffee. | | C．Sugary coffee. | | D．Fruit punch. |
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First stop, weather: Sunny day. Look outside the window. Oh, no, it isn’t. Second stop, Air Quality Index: 344, dangerous, Level 6 Severely Polluted. Mental recheck required: It really is a sunny day and the weather app isn’t lying or in need of being replaced, it’s just that you can’t see the sun through the thick fog. Note to self: Cycling to work is out, face mask is in.
Has the world stopped turning? News app merely confirms that it’s business as usual. Another government has fallen, your soccer team has lost again, and China’s economy is still increasing steadily.
Diary app informs you of all the things you failed to do the previous day and loads you up with another half-dozen tasks. Next, browse a couple of social networking apps to determine the status updates of friends.
Another sound from the phone, it’s a message from your significant friend who is already at work, saying the Taobao. com order for Italian cheese is about to arrive.
Apps have become part of our “every-moment” lives. Apps provide so much information. But the dark side to all this connectivity would be lack of privacy, being a slave to the app. The only real problem is that once you lose your smartphone, you lose your life.
Some friends and family do not have smartphones, but prefer the old-fashioned Nokia that merely makes phone calls and sends instant messages. While I respect their purity and desire to be free of the control of technology, it’s obvious they are outsiders, and their lives are loaded up with paper and old devices. They’re still buying books at stores, complaining the lack of CDs on the market, watching TV and missing out on complete news cycles. Though I would add, they have lives that aren’t spent inside small screens.
My phone is a palm-sized one-stop shop and about the only thing it doesn’t do is teleport（心灵运输）. What’s not to like?
小题1:The functions of apps mentioned in the passage can be listed as follows EXCEPT that _______.| A．the apps can show you weather forecast | | B．the apps can tell you how to work directly | | C．the apps can inform you the latest news | | D．the apps can tell you what you failed to do |
小题2: According to the passage, the author thinks that _______.| A．people’s life is governed by apps | | B．people feel bored about the use of apps | | C．people can’t live without apps | | D．people hate apps with powerful functions |
小题3:It can be inferred from the last paragraph but one that _______.| A．more and more people like Nokia more than apps | | B．using Nokia can be free of the control of technology | | C．all people don’t like the advanced smartphones | | D．ordinary people don’t like shopping online |
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An Ofsted (英国教育标准办公室）study reports that teachers are discouraging students who want to leave school and work as apprentices (学徒）in beauty salons (美容中心）or hair dressers.
Inspectors questioned 105 young people for a report on apprenticeships published on Wednesday. They found several examples of young people who felt they had been laughed at by their teachers for wanting to progress to work-based learning, particularly in care or hairdressing, rather than stay on at school.
Right or wrong, is it any surprise that this is happening? From 2014，the government will measure schools according to the rate of their pupils who go to university. Brian Lightman , general secretary of the Association of School and College Leaders, says the government has already put teachers under “very great pressure to focus on academic subjects”
On the other hand, the Education Act 2011，which came into force in November, places schools under a duty to give fair career advice to pupils. This advice must include information on all post-16 education and training choices, including apprenticeships. This doesn’t appear to be happening in several schools, according to Ofsted9S report. Many of the young people the inspectors talked to said the advice they had received on apprenticeships was “unsatisfactory”.
Schools were also blamed for lack of work experience courses, which are particularly important for teenagers considering an apprenticeship. They help students decide whether they enjoy a line of work and enable employers to see whether those on work experience have the potential to be hired as apprentices in future years.
But there is a good reason why they can’t do this: they’d be unable to adapt to GCSE (英国齊通中等教育证书）exams if they did. Sometimes, it seems, schools just can’t win.
小题1:Why do teachers oppose the students’ leaving school and working as apprentices?| A．The government urges teachers to concentrate on academic subjects. | | B．The students are only wasting time working as apprentices. | | C．Employers are under great pressure of taking GCSE exams. | | D．Employers don’t give students chances to work as apprentices |
小题2:Pressure for schools to provide pupils with career advice comes from ______. | A．Association of School and College Leaders | | B．Education Act 2011 | | C．GCSE exams | | D．OFSTED |
小题3:The underlined word “They” in Paragraph 5 refers to _____. | A．schools | | B．employers | | C．work experience courses | | D．teenagers considering an apprenticeship |
小题4:What does the author think of teachers’ discouraging students working as apprentices?| A．Surprising | B．Understandable | | C．Wrong | D．Right |
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Exhausted and unhappy, you still have to squeeze a smile to your friends, or teachers. That’s just life, you may think. But new research suggests that putting on a fake smile can worsen people’s mood and even lower work efficiency.
Lead researcher Brent Scott with other researchers studied a group of bus drivers for two weeks. They tried to find out what happened when the drivers were involved in “surface acting” or fake smiling, and the opposite, “deep acting” which means people put on real smiles by recalling pleasant memories or thinking about their current situation more positively.
The results showed that on days when drivers were forced to smile, they felt depressed and didn’t want to work. On days when they smiled due to positive thoughts, their mood improved a lot as well as their work efficiency.
The research goes against the popular belief among companies that employees should be cheerful to customers at all times. They include employees of shops, banks, call center workers and others who have face-to-face contact with members of the public. “Smiling for the sake of(为了) smiling can lead to emotional exhaustion and coldness, and that’s bad for the organization,” Scott told the Daily Mail.
The study also showed that women were harmed more by fake smiling than men. Their mood and work performance both worsened more. But they were helped more by deep acting — their mood became better and they worked more efficiently.
However, while deep acting seemed to improve mood in the short term, Scott says it’s not a long-term solution for unhappiness.
“There have been some suggestions that if you do this over a long period that you start to feel inauthentic(不真实的),” Scott said. “You may be trying to cultivate positive emotions, but at the end of the day you may not feel like yourself anymore.”
小题1:Brent Scott and others’ experiments on bus drivers suggest that ______.| A．depression among bus drivers is common | | B．thinking in a positive way helps with work efficiency | | C．bus drivers with pleasant memories tend to be less efficient | | D．the bus drivers’ work efficiency is determined by their mood |
小题2:According to the article, which of the following statements about “fake smiling” is TRUE?| A．It is good for the business but bad for the employees. | | B．It doesn’t work on people who are emotionally expressive. | | C．It is a widely accepted cultural practice in the US. | | D．It causes more harm to women than men. |
小题3:We can conclude from the article that the researchers think that ______.| A．people should be true to their feelings | | B．smiling helps to put people in a good mood and become more efficient | | C．it is unnecessary to cultivate positive emotions | | D．deep acting can improve mood in the long run |
小题4:The article is mainly about ______.| A．the importance of smiling during face-to-face contact | | B．a new study on fake smiling and its influence on people | | C．suggestions on improving work efficiency | | D．how to cheer up when you are exhausted |
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阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
This morning, as I was getting close to the supermarket, I saw a small 36 gathering around an elderly woman with blood under her face. I stopped and asked if I could 37 . I told her I was certified（授予证书的）in first aid. Then I 38 someone for a first aid kit（工具箱）. But she didn’t want help, saying she was fine. But she wasn’t fine. I asked her to 39 with me and we 40 about her routine of getting groceries. People brought out ice packs, water and paper towels from the 41 nearby. I put on the gloves from the first aid kit, and cleaned her up a bit, but 42 I just talked to her and held her hand.
Two 43 happened to be passing by and 44 to help check her out a bit. Finally, after ten minutes the 45 arrived and I talked to the emergency medical team and they __46 .
I was certified in first aid years back, and I got re-certified a month ago, but I never 47 it once. However, I realized being certified isn’t 48 about providing the aid. I didn’t stop the bleeding. I didn’t 49 to examine her. Mostly it was about providing comfort for people in a difficult 50 . The certification gave me the 51 to do that: to kneel on the sidewalk, holding an old woman’s hand, and to help make those _ 52 few minutes just a little bit better.
If you’re not certified in first aid, I can’t 53 it strongly enough. It takes four hours of your time at your 54 Red Cross. With what you’ll 55 , maybe you’ll be able to help someone like the old lady one day.
| 小题1: | | A．people | B．public | C．traffic | D．crowd |
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| 小题2: | | A．watch out | B．look out | C．help out | D．make out |
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| 小题3: | | A．paid | B．sent | C．applied | D．scolded |
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| 小题4: | | A．stay | B．walk | C．accompany | D．shop |
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| 小题5: | | A．looked | B．cared | C．talked | D．quarreled |
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| 小题6: | | A．hospital | B．supermarket | C．station | D．office |
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| 小题7: | | A．mostly | B．maybe | C．simply | D．extremely |
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| 小题8: | | A．policemen | B．volunteers | C．clerks | D．doctors |
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| 小题9: | | A．refused | B．stopped | C．lay | D．woke |
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| 小题10: | | A．ambulance | B．family | C．driver | D．officer |
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| 小题11: | | A．operated on | B．turned up | C．ran away | D．took over |
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| 小题12: | | A．liked | B．noticed | C．used | D．met |
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| 小题13: | | A．necessarily | B．possibly | C．hopefully | D．commonly |
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| 小题14: | | A．want | B．teach | C．permit | D．try |
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| 小题15: | | A．place | B．situation | C．life | D．position |
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| 小题16: | | A．harm | B．confidence | C．lesson | D．wish |
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| 小题17: | | A．confusing | B．moving | C．scary | D．friendly |
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| 小题18: | | A．recommend | B．demand | C．support | D．explain |
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| 小题19: | | A．formal | B．national | C．local | D．private |
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| 小题20: | | A．recognize | B．offer | C．allow | D．Learn |
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