题目
题型：不详难度：来源：
Geography is an important tool for learning and understanding history. Geography affects history—just look at the changes in world geography over recent years. Governments change, and __ _ countries were born.Many countries no longer have the same names they _ __even five years ago. Climate changes _ ___events such as droughts(干旱) and floods that cause lots of loss of life and the movements of people from one place to another in search of_ __. Environmental changes can change the entire __ __of a community or region.
As with history, children have a natural interest in_ __. Watch a group of children playing in the sand. One child makes streets for his cars, _ __ a second child builds houses along the_ __.A third scoops out a hole and_ ___ the dirt to make a hill, then pours water in the _ __ to make a lake, using sticks for _ __. The children name the streets, and __ __ may even use a watering can to make_ __ that washes away a house. They may not realize it, _ ___these children are learning some core features(核心特征)of geography—how people interact with the Earth, how climate _ __land, and how places _ __each other through the movement of things from one place to another. Turning to maps or globes, When we talk with our children about vacation plans, events ___around the world or historical events, we teach them a great deal about geography. Not only can such activities help our children learn how to use key reference tools,__ _ over time, they help them form their own mental maps of the world, which allows children to better organize and _ ___information about other people, places, times and_ __. Such activities also help our children learn to how to work together in the future.
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答案
小题1:A
小题2:A
小题3:A
小题4:D
小题5:B
小题6:D
小题7:A
小题8:B
小题9:D
小题10:C
小题11:B
小题12:C
小题13:D
小题14:A
小题15:B
小题16:A
小题17:B
小题18:A
小题19:C
小题20:D
解析
完形填空：这篇短文主要讲述了地理是学习和理解历史的工具。
小题1:A 政府改变了，新的国家诞生了。
小题2:A did 在这里代替have又因为后面有过去的时间状语所以用过去时。
小题3:A bring about引起；come about发生；take place发生；happen发生，后面三者不跟宾语。
小题4:D 人们迁徙的目的是寻找安全，又因为介词短语后需用名词
小题5:B 由于人们的迁徙而改变了一个社区的历史。
小题6:D 根据下文“They may not realize it, but these children are learning some core features of geography—how people interact with the Earth, how climate affects land, and how places relate to each other through the movement of things from one place to another”这是学生对地理感兴趣。
小题7:A 这里表示前后是对比关系，只有while有这种用法。
小题8:B 根据“One child makes streets for his cars”可知这里指沿着街道建造房子。
小题9:D根据make a hill可知这里是短语use sth to do用某物来做某事。
小题10:C 根据上文A third scoops out a hole和下文make a lake可以推测出答案故选C。
小题11:B根据上文make a lake可以推知孩子们要修建桥，故选B。
小题12:C 根据The children name the streets可知这里用代词代替The children故选C。
小题13:D 根据后面的定语that washes away a house.可知是雨水，故选D。
小题14:A 根据“They may not realize it”后面应是转折。
小题15: B根据“how people interact with the Earth”,相互影响。
小题16:A 通过地球的运动各个地方之间有关联。
小题17:B 因为这里需用非谓语动词，events 和happen 只能用主动，happen没有被动形式， 现在分词表主动。
小题18:A根据“Not only can such activities help our children learn how to use key reference tools”not only… but( also)对应的连词。
小题19:C 只有理解了才能更好的去组织整理信息。
小题20:D 根据“events happening around the world or historical events”可知。
核心考点
试题【阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Geography is an impor】；主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
Kenyon College
Gambier, Ohio, US
Mike Evans, a principal at Norfolk, Va., design firm Hanbury Evans Wright Vlattas + Company, says to be beautiful a campus must have a “signature campus space as a carrier of the campus brand.” At Kenyon College, that space is “Middle Path,” a 10-foot-wide footpath that serves as the Gothic hilltop campus’ central artery. More than just a trail, it’s a village green for the tight-knit campus community. Sergei Lobanov-Rostovsky, who teaches 17th-century poetry at Kenyon, says the college, both isolated and pastoral, is “a small place to think big thoughts.”
Oxford University
Oxford, England
Teaching within Oxford’s stone walls dates as far back as the 11th century, and the school is considered a paradigm(典范) for all college campuses. With its labyrinth of quads, cloisters, and archways, it evokes elegance and tradition at every turn. “Its monastic roots and the spectacular quality of its buildings make it an architectural wonderland,” says David Mayernik, associate professor at Notre Dame’s School of Architecture.
Princeton University
Princeton, N.J., US
Princeton’s style is pure Collegiate Gothic（学院派哥特式）; most of it executed in gray stone covered in, yes, ivy. As imposing as these old stone structures are, the campus keeps life on a “human scale” by preserving green spaces and walkability.Sinuous footpaths, archways, plazas – all are designed to inspire spontaneous discussion and learning.
Scripps College
Claremont, Calif., US
The total plan of this women’s college, founded in the 1920′s, has always called for artistic connection between buildings and landscape. Together, architect Gordon Kaufmann, in collaboration with landscape architect Edward Huntsman-Trout, created a distinctively Southern Californian blend of Mission Revival-inspired architecture and landscape, which is lovely, evocative and intact. An expert in deciduous trees, Trout planted rows of liquid amber trees to give the students “a sense of autumn” come fall. He also peppered the campus with tulip trees, sycamores, almond and orange trees, as well as rare shrubs.
Stanford University
Palo Alto, Calif., US
New additions like the Science and Engineering Quad manage to gracefully blend modern and technological elements with the timeless, elegant aesthetics of the campus’ early California Mission Revival architecture. The campus also scores big points for its dramatic entrance via Palm Drive, its romantic Spanish red-tile roofs and myriad patches of green.
Tsinghua University
Beijing, China
Forbe’s panel of architects says natural setting plays a big part in assessing a campus’ beauty. In that regard, this campus is blessed: Founded in 1925, Tsinghua sits on the former site of the Qing Dynasty’s royal gardens. Many of Beijing’s most notable historical sites, like the Summer Palace, are close by. The campus is peppered with artificial ponds where stone benches and floating lotus blossoms inspire reflection.
小题1:In this text, the writer mentioned many best-looking campuses in the world. How many Universities are in America?
| A．Six. | B．Three. | C．Four. | D．Five. |
| A．Oxford University. | B．Stanford University. |
| C．Scripps College. | D．Princeton University. |
| A．Tsinghua University | B．Oxford University |
| C．Princeton University | D．Kenyon College |
| A．Entertainment. | B．Education. | C．Culture. | D．Health. |
| A．because the amber trees give the students “a sense of autumn” come fall. |
| B．because the artistic connects between buildings and landscape. |
| C．because its natural setting plays a big part. |
| D．because it is founded in 1925. |
One such fish is the stout longtom（尖嘴魚 ）. The group it belongs to carries a more appropriate name: the needlefish. All needlefish lack stomachs. Their ancestors had them, but later they were lost.
The stout longtom can reach 1.3 meters in length, and lives near the sea surface. Like all needlefish, it can jump out of the water to escape its enemies. Tropical(热带) fishermen are sometimes injured by needlefish. In 1977, a 10-year-old Hawaiian boy was killed when a needlefish jumped through his brain. The longtom eats smaller fish. Its teeth are not good at cutting fish into pieces, so it swallows fish whole.
Ryan Day from Australia and his colleagues wanted to know how the longtom digests its meaty meals without a stomach, so they ran some chemical tests about the fish.
Day’s results show that the longtom can consume food without the help of a stomach. It uses a special material called trypsin（胰岛素） that can break down proteins without acid — although the approach is less efficient than using a stomach.
Because it’s a meat-eating animal, the longtom gets a lot of protein in its food, so it can afford this slightly less efficient system for absorbing it. Two plant-eating fish that Day studies actually had higher levels of trypsin in their body, as their food was low in protein.
Day thinks that the longtom and its stomachless relatives might actually have arrived at an energy-saving solution. He says that although the stomach is critical to many kinds of animal, the organ is “a fairly expensive organ to run”. This perhaps explains why some animals have got rid of theirs.
小题1:What does the underlined phrase “get by” mean?
| A．Live. | B．Fight. | C．Hunt. | D．Recover. |
| A．catches smaller fish in the water |
| B．can jump so high to escape its enemies |
| C．digests the smaller fish in its body |
| D．uses acid to break down the protein |
| A．Acid | B．Trypsin. | C．The stomach. | D．Protein in its body. |
| A．the longtom often waste energy |
| B．the longtom can make acid easily |
| C．the longtom’s high-protein food helps its unique way of consuming food. |
| D．meat-eating fish have higher levels of trypsin in their bodies than plant-eating fish |
Guinness Book did not exist until 1951. Here is what happened. The managing director of Guinness Brewery was a curious man. He wanted answers to some questions about records. For example, he wanted to know what was the fastest flying game bird in Europe. But he was frustrated. There was no book to answer questions like this.
The director, Sir Hugh Beaver, contacted the McWhirter twins. They were brothers who owned a research agency. He asked them to put together a new reference book. It would include all kinds of unusual records. The brothers quickly accepted. The first edition of their book was published in 1955. Soon the Guinness Book of World Records was a best seller. It has sold more copies than any book except the Bible. A new edition is published every year.
Where do all the book"s records come from? They are a combination of things like natural wonders, sports records, and stunts(特技) (How many people would push an egg with their noses if they weren’t trying to get to the book?). But the editors try to keep things honest. All records must be verified by an investigator. Only then are they printed.
The Guinness Book is a big business. It is published in dozens of languages. There are TV shows and museums. It is proof of how interested people are in strange pieces of information.
小题1:The passage is mostly about _____.
| A．the McWhirter twins |
| B．the director Sir Hugh Beaver |
| C．unusual records in the Guinness Book |
| D．a history of the Guinness Book |
| A．is a best seller |
| B．is published only in English |
| C．does not always check its records |
| D．has a full-length movie based on it |
| A．wanted to publish the book so that they set up a research agency |
| B．owned so good a research agency that they liked to help others |
| C．recognizes that Sir Hugh"s idea for a book was a good one |
| D．wanted to know the answers to some questions about records |
| A．questioned | B．proved the truth | C．written up | D．blocked |
Doctors say that body contact is a kind of medicine that can work wonders. When people are touched, the quantity of hemoglobin (血红蛋白)－a type of matter that produces the red color in blood increases greatly. This results in more oxygen reaching every part of the body and the whole body benefits. In experiments, bottle-fed baby monkeys were separated from their mothers for the first ten days of life. They became sad and negative. Studies showed the monkeys were more probable to become ill than other babies that were allowed to stay with their mothers.
Human babies react in much the same way. Some years ago, a scientist noticed that some well-fed babies in a clean nursery became weak. Yet babies in another nursery were growing healthily, even though they ate less well and were not kept as clean. The reason, he concluded, was that they often had touches from nurses.
Experiments show that most people like being touched. And nearly all doctors believe touch helps to reduce patients" fear of treatment. Of course there is time when a touch is not welcome. But even if we don"t like being touched, a smile can make us feel better. Smiling increases blood flow and starts the production of "happy brain" chemicals. So let"s have a big smile and don"t forget to keep in touch.
小题1:Which of the following is NOT true?
| A．Everyone knows that body contact can make people happier. |
| B．People may work harder because of body contact. |
| C．Your fingertips can do something. |
| D．People may not understand the importance of touching. |
| A．human brains need oxygen and blood supply now and then |
| B．touches from doctors and nurses have nothing to do with treatment |
| C．new-born baby monkeys should stay away from their mothers |
| D．not all the people like being touched |
| A．to be useful or helpful |
| B．to get something useful or helpful |
| C．to be ill |
| D．to be hurt |
| A．Why People Touch | B．Smile and Touch |
| C．Wonders of Touch | D．Touch or Not |
The Everglades, Florida: Perhaps no region of the country is as unprotected to climate change as Florida. Even a slight increase in temperature and water level could devastate popular destinations like the Everglades, Miami Beach and the Keys.
Australia’s Great Barrier Reef: One of the most impressive natural habitats in the world, the Great Barrier Reef could be killed by increased water temperatures and the resulting coral bleaching (漂白法). Australia is particularly easily damaged by global warming because of its large number of fragile (脆弱的) ecosystems, uncertain water sources and a large group of people gathering on the coast.
Dalian, China: Fast-growing China, shown here during a heat wave last year, is opening about one coal factory every day this year. Along with the U.S., China is one of the world"s leading contributors to the greenhouse gases , which can lead to the increase in the Earth"s temperature.
Venice, Italy: No stranger to flooding, Venice has invested $4.5 billion in a floodgate system that is due to open in 2012. But the frequent changing ocean levels have made people question the floodgates" ability to hold out the rising waters.
London, England: Designed to protect London from storms and extremely high tides, the Thames Barrier was opened in 1984. Some analysts fear that rising oceans will create conditions beyond the capabilities the barrier was designed to meet.
小题1:The word “devastate” in paragraph 2 means “_____________”.
| A．protect | B．destroy | C．swallow | D．enlarge |
| A．Fragile ecosystem |
| B．Uncertain water sources. |
| C．The large group of people. |
| D．Increased water temperatures and the coral bleaching |
| A．flooding is common in Venice |
| B．everyone is familiar with flooding |
| C．it is strange for Venice to experience flooding |
| D．there is no flooding in Venice |
| A．the dangerous destinations |
| B．the most popular destinations |
| C．the fascinating destinations |
| D．the endangered destinations |
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