题目
题型：不详难度：来源：
There are four basic blood groups: A, B, AB and O. A single test can tell us a person’s blood group. Everybody is born with one of these four blood groups. People’s blood group, like hair colour, is inherited (继承) from parents.
Because the substances contained in each group are different, transfusion must be given carefully. Basically, A and B cannot be mixed. A and B cannot receive AB, but AB may receive A or B. O can be given to any other group, so it is often called the universal donor. On the contrary, AB is sometimes called the universal recipient (接受者). However, before being given the transfusion, patients usually receive only salt or plasma (血浆) until their blood can be matched as exactly as possible. In this way, it is possible to avoid any bad results of the transfusion.
There is a relationship between our blood groups and our nationalities. Among the Europeans, about 42 percent are blood group A while 45 percent are blood group O. The rarest is blood group AB. However, some American Indian groups are nearly 100 percent blood group O.
小题1:Which of the following shows the correct relationship in blood transfusion? (→ =" giving" blood to)
小题2:Usually, before being given a transfusion, ________.
| A．a person needs to receive salt or plasma first |
| B．a person needs to have a good rest |
| C．a person needs to have a lot of food and water |
| D．a person needs to find the person with the same blood group as him |
| A．A | B．B | C．AB | D．O |
A. A person’s blood group depends on his parents.
B. There is only one kind of blood group in a person’s body.
C. About 13 percent of the Europeans have blood group AB.
D. Most of American Indians can be universal blood donors.
小题5:Which is the best title for the passage?
| A．Blood transfusion | B．Blood groups |
| C．Car accidents | D．Blood group and nationalities |
答案
小题1:D
小题2:A
小题3:B
小题4:C
小题5:B
解析
试题分析：这篇文章讲述的是人类具有的不同的血型以及不同血型之间该如何输血。
小题1:细节题。根据文章可知，A,B血型可以给AB血型的人输血，O血型可以给A,B,AB血型的人输血。故选D
小题2:细节题。根据文章However, before being given the transfusion, patients usually receive only salt or plasma (血浆) until their blood can be matched as exactly as possible.可知，一个人被输血之前，首先要吸收一些盐水或者血浆。故选A
小题3:细节题。根据文章可知，在欧洲，百分之四十二的人是A型血，百分之四十五是O型血，最稀缺的血型是AB型，可知，第三种最普遍的血型是B型血。故选B
小题4:细节题。根据文章可知，在欧洲B血型和AB血型的人总共占百分之十三。故选C
小题5:主旨题。这篇文章讲述的是人类具有的不同的血型以及不同血型之间如何输血。故选B
点评：对于英语阅读文章中的说明一个物体的相关内容的文章，是初三常考的知识题材。此类题文章不长，学生在答题的过程中可以首先对整篇文章进行阅读，理解文章的意思，然后带着问题在文章中找到相对应的答案，即可答出。
核心考点
试题【A person has been badly injured in a car accident. It is necessary to give him a】；主要考察你对科普环保类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
However, a new study in Germany suggests that chimpanzees (黑猩猩)also do good things for no real reason. And so do children who are as young as 18 months of age. Maybe it is because humans and chimpanzees share an ancestor(祖先) about 6 million years ago.
People and chimpanzees appear to develop such features(特征) without any other training, says Warneken, a scientist in Germany. Warneken and his partners worked on adult chimpanzees that live on an island in the African country of Uganda. They also worked with 18-month-old children in Germany. The researchers performed three experiments on the adult chimpanzees and two experiments on the kids. In the first animal experiment，a person tried to reach his arm into a cage to get a stick，but he couldn’t reach it. A chimpanzee was in the cage，and it could reach the stick if it wanted to.
Thirty-six chimpanzees took part in this experiment one by one, and no chimpanzee saw what the other chimpanzees had done. Even though the animals hadn’t met the person before, they usually took the stick and gave it to the person. What’s more, they did this whether or not the person offered them bananas as a reward. In a similar experiment, 36 children acted in a similar way. They helped the person reach the stick, whether or not they were offered toys for their help.
Researchers did other experiments on chimpanzees and babies. No rewards were offered in either experiment. And still, both the chimpanzees and children went out of their way to help. Still, the new study is different from earlier findings. Researchers have found that chimpanzees don’t give rewards of food to other chimpanzees, even if it costs them nothing to be generous.
小题1:Warneken and his partners worked with ________.
| A．young chimpanzee that live on an island |
| B．18-month-old children who live in Germany |
| C．kids who are living with adult chimpanzees |
| D．adult chimpanzees that live on the African mountain |
| A．people also share information for good reason |
| B．children know something at the age of 18 months |
| C．chimpanzees do good things for no real reason, too |
| D．humans should develop their abilities 6 million years ago |
| A．Thirty-six chimpanzees joined in this experiment one by one |
| B．No chimpanzee saw what the other chimpanzees had done |
| C．The animals hadn’t met the person before the experiments |
| D．Chimpanzee gave the person the stick in order to get a reward |
| A．both chimpanzees and children can find their way to help others |
| B．chimpanzees will reward good food to other chimpanzees |
| C．children is more generous than chimpanzees in some ways |
| D．both chimpanzees and children can do the difficult experiments |
 | In Brazil, students wear uniforms in private schools. But in public schools, students don’t have to wear uniforms although they might have one. In general, the uniforms are a pair of blue pants and a white T-shirt with the school symbol printed on it. |
 | School uniforms are used in Cuba. All students wear school uniforms with the color as a symbol of grade level. Children also wear scarves because they are young pioneers(少先队员). |
 | Japan introduced school uniforms in the late 19th century. Today, school uniforms are very common. Many boys wear white shirts, short pants and caps. Girls’ uniforms might include a gray pleated (褶)skirt and a white blouse. |
 | In Singapore, all students must wear uniforms. Though the colors are different from school to school. The normal uniform for boys is shorts or long pants, with a shirt (often white), while girls wear white pinafores(连衣裙) or skirts. |
小题1:In Brazil, where is the school symbol?
| A．On the pants | B．On the shoes | C．On the T-shirt | D．On the socks |
| A．grade level | B．cold weather | C．public school | D．young pioneer |
| A．a pair of blue pants and a white T-shirt |
| B．a gray skirt and a white blouse |
| C．a white shirt, short pants and a cap |
| D．a pinafore or a white skirt |
| A．School uniforms are the same as China’s. |
| B．Only the students in private schools wear uniforms. |
| C．Boys’ uniforms are different from girl’s in color. |
| D．Students usually wear white shirts or skirts. |
| A．Brazil | B．Cuba | C．Japan | D．Singapore |
Cars are also making global warming worse. They burn fossil fuels(化石燃料) in their engines, and send lots of greenhouse gases into the air.
Global warming may be a big problem, but we can all help stop it. People can try to drive their cars less. Or even get ones that run on sunlight! You can also help. Let’s try one of these top ideas:
(1) Try to use less electricity. Turn off lights, your television, and your computer when you’ve stopped using them. To make electricity, fossil fuels are burned in big factories. But burning fossil fuels also makes greenhouse gases. You should also try to watch less TV.
(2) Plant trees. Not only is it a fun thing to do, but it is also a great way to lower the number of greenhouse gases in the air. Trees take carbon dioxide out of the air when they grow.
(3) Don’t throw away your rubbish, try to recycle it. If rubbish is not recycled, it is put in the ground. There it rots(腐烂) and makes a greenhouse gas called methane(甲烷).So try to recycle cans, bottles, plastic bags and newspapers. It’ll make you feel great! And it’ll help the Earth.
小题1:If we _____, we may make global warming worse.
| A．use less electricity | B．drive a car on sunlight |
| C．plant trees | D．throw away rubbish |
| A．turning off lights | B．shutting down computers |
| C．turning up CD players | D．turning off TV |
| A．Methane | B．Cans | C．Newspapers | D．Bottles |
| A．the less electricity is used, the more greenhouse gases are produced |
| B．the more electricity is used, the more greenhouse gases are produced |
| C．more electricity is used, less greenhouse gases are produced |
| D．less electricity is used, more greenhouse gases are produced |
| A．Driving cars on sunlight helps to stop global warming. |
| B．When cars burn fossil fuels, they produce greenhouse gases. |
| C．When trees grow, they send carbon dioxide into the air. |
| D．By planting more trees, we can lower the number of greenhouse gases in the air. |
As it is said above, cutting down on water usage is one of the most important things you can do for your local environment and the planet as a whole. That is why more green households are going blue: cutting down their water footprint by conserving and harvesting (收获) water.
It may seem like a big concept, but going blue starts with small changes that everyone can make. Something as simple as turning off the tap while you brush your teeth can save a lot of water. Wash your fruits and vegetables in a bowl rather than under a tap to save even more. Make sure that the taps are fully turned off every time you step away from the sink or the shower — all those little drips can add up to a lot of water waste.
Another way of reducing your water footprint is reducing your dependence on the main water supply. Rainwater harvesting can meet a lot of your home’s water needs. Many of us already practice rainwater harvesting in a small way. Collecting water from your gutters (檐沟) is a great way to keep your garden green without running the sprinkler (洒水器).
小题1:The underlined word “green” means ______ in this passage.
| A．嫉妒 | B．环保 | C．未成熟的 | D．健康的 |
| A．Treating wastewater needs much energy. |
| B．The water on the earth is becoming less and less. |
| C．The water on the earth is becoming polluted more. |
| D．Rainwater harvesting can meet a lot of your home’s water needs. |
| A．washing fruit and vegetables under a tap |
| B．using a bowl to wash your fruit and vegetables |
| C．making sure taps are fully turned off all the time |
| D．turning off the tap every time after brushing your teeth |
| A．Save Water by Turning off the Tap |
| B．How to Treat and Clean Wastewater |
| C．Keep Your Garden Green with Rainwater |
| D．Save Water Starting with Small Changes |
| A．we can get enough water by harvesting |
| B．most people pay no attention to saving water |
| C．we can practice rainwater harvesting in a small way |
| D．harvesting water is more necessary than conserving it |
The author of Childsplay, Lucy Jackson, believes most school children do some sports at school. And many adults take regular exercise in their free time.
Babies, though, spend most of the time in front of the television or sitting in a push-chair (折叠式婴儿车) or high chair. If the world were a safer place, every child would run around freely, but that is simply not possible. As a result, they become lazy, overweight and unfit.
Ms. Jackson is worried that if small children take no regular exercise, bad habits will continue into adulthood (成人期 ). She suggests that parents should begin exercising with very small babies, moving their legs and arms gently in time to music. As children grow, they should follow and exercise program using soft balls, household furniture and play equipment.
Many experts in child development do not agree. They feel that children will learn to run and jump as they play naturally; they do not need planned exercise. They would not be overweight if they ate healthier food. An increasing number of parents, though, are taking their children to exercise classes. The kids jump around with their mothers to disco music.They seem to enjoy themselves, but it is not at all clear if the classes have any effect on their future development.
小题1:According to the passage, the parents do not worry about how to care about their children.
小题2:Childsplay is a book about how to take care of the children.
小题3:Ms. Jackson doesn"t believe babies take enough exercise.
小题4:Ms. Jackson encourages parents to take exercise with their babies.
小题5:Though we don’t know if the exercise will have any effect on children future development, some mothers have already taken their children to exercise.
最新试题
- 1根据句意从下表中选出正确的词汇，用正确形式填空。publish used to roll down tech
- 2已知f（x）是定义在R上的周期函数，其最小正周期为2，且当x∈[-1，1）时，f（x）=|x|，则函数y=f（x）的图象
- 3We have __________ money to buy the nice coat.[ ]A. fewB
- 4（（本小题满分14分）已知椭圆的离心率为，且椭圆上一点与椭圆的两个焦点构成的三角形周长为．（Ⅰ）求椭圆的方程；（Ⅱ）设直
- 5下列关于商业保险的说法错误的是[ ]A、是规避风险的途径B、要遵循自愿订立的原则C、具有保障功能和互助特征D、能
- 6下列图形中不是四棱柱的表面展开图的是（ ）A．B．C．D．
- 7美国历史学家弗格森在《美国革命是（1763——1790）》中写道：“1776年革命派认为自由是保护个人权利，反对政府暴政
- 8命题“两条对角线相等的四边形是矩形”是命题“矩形的两条对角线相等”的（ ）A．逆命题B．否命题C．逆否命题D．否定
- 9已知点A（5，-1），B（1，1），C（2，3），则△ABC的形状为（ ）A．等腰三角形B．直角三角形C．等腰直角三角
- 10传染病是由病原体引起的一种能在人与人之间或人与动物之间传播的疾病。下列对传染病的叙述中错误的是[ ]A．天花这种
热门考点
- 1下列各句中的成语使用错误的一项是A．这微笑，是一种蕴藏着快乐的标志呢，还是处女童真的表现?这是不容易且也不必解答的。这是
- 2下列山地是我国地势第一级阶梯与第二级阶梯界山的是A．太行山B．巫山C．雪峰山D．祁连山
- 3王先生最近移民澳大利亚的悉尼，想买一间面向正北方的二层楼房。为了在房后方的空地找出全年阳光都照不到的地方，以便规划种植的
- 4阅读下列材料，回答问题：材料一中国古代与世界其他国家的科技发明的统计：材料二 农业的产生，为人类文明的进步奠定了坚实基出
- 5美国记者史沫特莱曾对一场战役作这样报道：“整个华北地区，从晋北山区到东海岸．从南面的黄河到北面的长城，都成了战场，……一
- 6反比例函数的图象经过点A（1，2），则该反比例函数的解析式为 ．
- 7任务型阅读（共l0小题；每小题1分，满分10分）请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰当的单词
- 8在实数、、、、0．1010010001…中，无理数有（ ）．
- 9下列反应属于复分解反应的是（ ）A．Zn+2HCl═ZnCl2+H2↑B．3Fe+2O2 高温 . Fe3O4C．Na
- 10第一个五年计划期间，上海、天津等工业先进地区人均工业产值的增长率低于全国平均水平。这反映出当时中国:A．工业发展速度放缓