多个形容词的排列顺序
形容词修饰一个名词的排列顺序
一、英文形容词的排序:OPSHACOM
关于两个及两个以上形容词修饰同一名词的顺序,一般语法书都有讲解.如《郎文英语语法》描述为:品质→尺寸→新旧→样式→颜色→产地→过去分词.
为了让英语学习者容易记住这些形容词的顺序,英国广播公司(BBC)在英语教学节目"Professor Grammar"中提出了一种称为OPSHACOM的方法.现介绍给广大读者.
OPSHACOM 是个拼缀词,它的涵义如下:
OP---opinion评述性词.如beautiful,wonderful,expensive,terrible,
horrible,lovely,silly,ugly等.
SH---size &shape表大些 形状的词.如 long,short,round,square等.
A---age表新旧的词.如new,old等.
C---colour表颜色的词.如red,black,purple,brown,yellow等.
O---origin表产地的词.如Italian,Spanish,Canadian,Australian,Japanese
等.
M---material表材料的词.如leather,glass,rubber,metal,silk,plastic等.
按此顺序,"一件新的漂亮的意大利的黑皮茄克"的英语为"a beautiful new black Italian leather jacket."
理论上一个名词前可有9个形容词,但在实际语言材料中一般不超过5个.因此,掌握了本方法可基本解决形容词修饰名词时的顺序问题.
学习OPSHACOM方法时还要注意以下事项:
1 各修饰词(即形容词)可有缺项,但顺序不变.如:a small Swiss watch.
2 当表大小(或长短)的词与表形状的词同时出现时,大小(或长短)在前,形状在后.如:a large square table.
3 定冠词、不定冠词、指示代词、形容词性所有格、数词等位于句首.
4 数词位于定冠词、指示代词后.(数词不与不定冠词或形容词性所有格连用)
5 分词最靠近所修饰的名词.如:his new Japanese timing device;three scottish handmade skirts.
下面请读者做几道练习题:
用OPSHACOM法将下列各题括号中的单词按正确顺序排列:
1.(Canadian ,extraordinary ,an ,new)play
2.(green,a,large)garden
3.(gold,British,the,round)coin
4.(ugly,writing,the,steel,seven)desks
5.(purple ,Russian ,nice ,long ,her)coat
答案:
1.an extraordinary new Canadian play
2.a large green garden
3.the round British gold coin
4.the seven ugly steel writing desks
5.her nice long purple Russian coat
二、口诀法:“美小圆旧黄,中国木书房”
在外语学习中,记忆是一个非常重要的环节.和外语相比,学生一般对自己母语更敏感,记忆母语更容易,印象更深刻.当学生在记忆外语词汇或语言知识时,总喜欢将其与母语挂钩.教师应结合具体情况利用母语帮助学生理解记忆.例如学生对名词前的修饰语的顺序弄不清,考试中经常出错.利用下面替代字组成的句子帮助记忆,教学效果就比较好.
“美小圆旧黄,中国木书房”.
注:“美”代表“描述或性质类”形容词;“小”代表“大小、长短、高低、胖瘦类” 形容词;“圆”代表“形状类” 形容词;“旧”代表“新旧、年龄类” 形容词;“黄”代表“颜色类” 形容词;“中国”代表“来源、国籍、地区、出处类” 形容词;“木”代表“物质、材料、质地类” 形容词;“书”代表“用途、类别、功能、作用类” 形容词;“房”代表“中心名词”.例如:
two beautiful new green silk evening dress 两件又新又漂亮的丝绸女士晚礼服;that hungry, tired, sleepy little match girl 那个饥饿、疲劳、困倦的卖火柴的小女孩;an old large brick dining hall 一个旧的红砖砌的大餐厅.
三、巧记形容词排列顺序
请看下面一道高考题:
This____girl Linda"s conusin.(2005北京卷)
A. pretty little Spanish B. Spanish little pretty
C. Spanish pretty D. liite pretty Spanish
此题选A. 该题时对形容词排列顺序的考察.
在英语中,当名词有多个形容词修饰时,就有它们的先后顺序.下面的口诀可帮你记住这一先后顺序,也是解题的关键.
限定描绘大长高,
形状年龄和新老;
颜色国籍跟材料,
作用类别往后靠;
其中,“限定词”包括:冠词、物主代词、指示代词、或数词,它位于各类形容词前.它本身分为三位,即:前、中、后.前位限定词有all、half、both、分数和倍数;中位限定词有冠词、指示代词、物主代词等;后位限定词有基数词和序数词,但序数词位于基数词前.如:both my hands、all half his income等.“描绘”性形容词如:beautiful、bad、cold、great等.“大长高”表示大小、长短、高低等一些词.表示“形状”的词如:round square等.“国籍”指一个国家或地区的词.“材料”的词如:wooden, woolen, stone,silk等.“作用类别”的词如:medical, college,writing desk,police car等.
另一口诀:
县官行令***国材.县,表示限定词;官,指的是冠词;行,表示性质的定语;令,表示年龄;***,表示颜色;国,表示国籍;材,表示材料.
你有兴趣的话,不妨也试试编个"顺口溜"玩玩.
四、熟记规则:大小形状和新老,颜色国际出(处)材料
多个形容词修饰同一名词时的顺序是固定的,其顺序为: ①冠词、指示代词、不定代词、物主代词+②序数词+基数词+③一般性描绘形容词+④大小、长短、形状+年龄、新旧+⑥颜色+⑦国籍、出处+⑧材料+⑨用途、类别+⑩最终修饰的名词或动名词.例如:a beautiful little red flower 一朵美丽的小花. those four old-looking,grey,wooden houses 所以这个翻译题 我有一个中国制造木制红色的大的园桌子可以翻译成 i have a big,round ,red,wooden,chinese table
形容词的次序有一个口诀.可以记下来:大小形状和新老,颜色国际出(处)材料
请根据形容词排列规则完成以下练习:
1.she has a ___ jacket.(leather,brown,beautiful)
2.he has a ___ car. (american,long,red)
3.they live in a ___ house. (old,beautiful)
4.we have a ___ table. (antique,small,wooden)
5.he has a ___ jumper. (woollen, lovely, red)
6.she has a ___ ring. (diamond,new,fabulous)
7.it was a ___ song.(french,old, lovely)
8.he owns a ___ dog.(black,horrible,big)
9.she bought a ___ scarf.(gorgeous,silk,pink)
10.i saw a ___ film. (new,fantastic, british)
答案: 1.beautiful brown leather jacket. 2.long red american car. 3.beautiful old house. 4.small antique wooden table. 5.lovely red woollen jumper. 6.fabulous new diamond ring. 7.lovely old french song. 8.horrible big black dog. 9.gorgeous pink silk scarf. 10.fantastic new british film.
My parents gave me a _______ coin for my birthday. [ ] A. gold French modern
B. modern French gold
C. French gold modern
D. French modern goldThe pretty woman has _____ hair.
A. long brown
B. brown long
C. a long brown
D. a brown long单项选择。 There are ______ cars before that house. [ ] A.two new great
B.two great new
C.great two new单项选择。 She has _______ radio. [ ] A. black a little
B. a little black
C. little a black
D. little black aThe blue blouse makes her ________. A. looks nice
B. looks good
C. look nice
D. look well—Mr. Smith always has _______ to tell us. [ ]
A. some good pieces of news
B. some pieces of good news
C. some good piece of news
D. some piece of good newsYesterday we had a lecture given by a _____ teacher. [ ]
A. well-mannered young school
B. young well-mannered school
C. well-mannered school young
D. school well-mannered youngIt"s a _____ day. I don"t want to go outside.
A. terrible, windy
B. windy, terrible
C. terrible, wind
D. wind, terrible—Teenagers are sometimes made ________ what they are not ________.
—I agree.[ ] A. to do; interested
B. to do; interested in
C. do; interested
D. do; interested inOur class has ________ desks.
A. 40 yellow new
B. new 40 yellow
C. 40 new yellow
D. yellow new 40The map is _____.
A. white, green, blue
B. white and green and blue
C. white, green and blueHe has _____ hair and big _____.
A. short blond; eyes
B. blond short; eyes
C. long blond; a nose
D. blond long; noseI have _______.
A. two pen new friends
B. two new pen friends
C. new two pen friends
D. pen friends of two newToday, we have ____.
A. two great new specials
B. great two new specials
C. great two new special
D. two new great specialsMy life has changed a lot during the _____ years. [ ] A. past a few
B. past few
C. a few past
D. few pastHe keeps all his documents in a _______ box.
A. strong, black, metal
B. metal, strong, black
C. strong, metal, black
D. black, strong, metalI think ______ are very difficult.
A. my all problems
B. all my problem
C. all my problems
D. my all problemThe Dessert House has _____.
A. three new great special
B. new great three special
C. three great new specials
D. great three new specialsThere are some ________ desks in the classroom.
A. nice long new
B. nice new long
C. long new nice
D. long nice newThey have got such a _____ table. [ ] A. round wooden brown
B. round brown wooden
C. brown round woodenDaniel is good at ________ lessons.
A. all his
B. his all
C. the all his
D. his the allMiss Zhang has hair.
A. short curly blonde
B. short blonde curly
C. curly blonde short
D. a short curly blonde短文改错。 Dick does not have many hair. 1._________
His wife, Emma has thick, beautiful black hair. 2._________
They have a son. His name is Peter, and he is five year old. 3._________
One day, Dick was reading book in his study. 4._________
Peter looked to his father and then said 5._________
to his mother, "Why Dad have so little hair, Mum?". 6._________
Emma laughed and sayed, "He has little hair because 7._________
he thinks a lot of. He"s a ve"ry clever man."Peter looked at 8._________
his mother"s thick black hair for a few seconds but 9._________
said, "Then I know why do you have so much hair." 10._________Mary has _____ hair.
A. short curly blonde
B. curly short blonde
C. blonde short curly
D. short blonde curlyAfter that, she is going to eat some _____.
A. Chinese traditional food
B. tradition Chinese food
C. Chinese tradition food
D. traditional Chinese foodAmy has _____.
A. long brown hair
B. brown long hair
C. long brown hairs
D. brown long hairsHer sister has _________ hair and looks like a foreigner(外国人).
A. a long brown
B. brown long
C. long brown
D. a brown longMy sister has _______ hair.
A. short black
B. black short
C. a short black
D. a black hair—Can I help you?
—Yes. I want .
A. that blue big hat
B. big blue that hat
C. that big blue hat
D. that blue big hatMr Huang is a _________writer.
A. famous Chinese
B. Chinese famous
C. famous China
D. China famousMiss Brown has ______ hair.
A. beautiful long blonde curly
B. beautiful long curly blonde
C. long beautiful curly blondeTina is ______ friend. We often play and study together. [ ] A. my the best
B. the be my
C. my best
D. be stmyI didn"t pass the math exam, because I had no _______ to finish it. [ ] A. enough time
B. time enough
C. many time
D. many timesMany visitors come to Mountain Meng because it"s travel spotlight. [ ] A. very a beautiful
B. quite a beautiful
C. so a beautiful
D. a quite beautifulHe wasn’t _____ to lift the box. [ ] A. too strong
B. enough strong
C. strong enough
D. so strongIs there_______today"s newspaper? [ ] A. something new in
B. anything new in
C. new something at
D. new anything atSorry, I"m bus today.I have______ homework to do. [ ] A. much too
B. too much
C. too many
C. many tooI think Beijing is _____ city.
A. quite an old
B. very an old
C. a quite old
D. an very oldMy sister has _____ hair.
A. short black
B. black short
C. a short black
D. a black hairAfter that, she is going to eat some_________.
A.Chinese traditional food
B.tradition Chinese food
C.Chinese tradition food
D.traditional Chinese foodDon’t hurry, I will give you ______ . [ ] A. five more minutes
B. more five minutes
C. five minutes more
D. A and CJack needs ______ and needn’t ______ too much. [ ] A. exercise more , to sleep
B. to exercise more , sleep
C. more exercise , to sleep
D. have more exercise, sleepHis brother isn’t __________ to do the exercise. [ ] A. clever enough
B. enough clever
C. funny enough
D. enough funnyShe is a nice girl with________.
A. long black hair
B. a long black hair
C. king black hairs
D. a black long hair
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