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被动语态的习惯用法

被动语态的一般用法

  一般用法

  1.一般现在时的被动语态构成:is / am / are +及物动词的过去分词

  Our classroom is cleaned everyday.

  I am asked to study hard by my mother.

  Knives are used for cutting things.

  2.一般过去时的被动语态构成:was / were + 及物动词的过去分词

  The new shop was built last year.

  Dinosaur eggs were laid long long ago.

  3.现在完成时的被动语态构成:has / have + been +及物动词的过去分词

  This book has been translated into many languages.

  Many man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries.

  4.一般将来时的被动语态构成:will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词

  A new hospital will be built in our city.

  Many more trees will be planted next year.

  5.含有情态动词的被动语态构成:情态动词+ be + 及物动词的过去分词

  Young trees must be watered often.

  Your mistakes should be corrected right now.

  The door may be locked inside.

  Your homework can be handed in tomorrow.

  6.现在进行时的被动语态构成:am / is / are + being +及物动词的过去分词

  Uncle Wang is mending my bike now.→

  My bike is being repaired by Tom now.

  They are planting trees over there. →

  Trees are being planted over there by them.

  7.不定式的被动语态:to + be + 及物动词的过去分词

  There are two books to be read. →

  There are twenty more trees to be planted.

被动语态的特殊用法

  1.不及物动词无被动语态。 如:happen, break down, come out......

  What will happen in 100 years.

  The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago.

  2.有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。 如: write, sell, ride.....

  This pen writes well.

  This new book sells well.

  3.感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式,主动语态中不带“to”,但变为被动语态时,须加上“to”。

  例:make somebody do something→somebody+ be +made to do something

  see somebody do something→somebody +be +seen to do something

  A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by.→My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by.

  The boss made the little boy do heavy work.→The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss.

  4.如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时,直接宾语(物)作主语,那么动词后要用介词,这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。

  He gave me a book.→A book was given to me by him.

  He showed me a ticket.→A ticket was shown to me by him.

  My father bought me a new bike. →A new bike was bought for me by my father.

  5.一些动词短语用于被动语态时,动词短语应当看作一个整体,而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。

  We can’t laugh at him. →He can’t be laughed at by us.

  He listens to the radio every day. →The radio is listened to by him every day.

  The nurse is taking care of the sick man. →The sick man is being taken care of by the nurse.

  构成

  be+done.[

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