宾语从句
宾语从句意义
语法是语言的组织规律,任何人在使用语言时,不管他是否学过语法,都须合乎语法。另外,总结语法本身的规律也能加深我们对语言的理解,让我们能够真正熟练地运用语言。(宾语:指一个动作(动词)的接受者,常置于动词之后,也有双宾语结构例句:he gave me a book,类似拥有me和book两个宾语的句子叫双宾语从句),在复合句中,由一个句子充当宾语,这个句子就叫做宾语从句。
宾语从句用法
宾语从句
宾语从句的连接词:that结构:主语+谓语+宾语(陈述语序)注意:
引导词为that ;
语序为v.+主语+谓语+由if、whether引导宾语从句;
主句为现在时 从句为任意时态。
从属连词连接宾语从句的从属连词主要有that,if,whether,和疑问词(what, how, where, when ...)。that引导表示陈述句的宾语从句,if和whether,whether...or not引导表示“是否”的一般疑问句的宾语从句。
关联代词连接代词主要有who,whom,whose,what,whoever,whomever,whosever,whatever,whichever等。连接代词一般指疑问,但what,whatever除了指疑问外,也可以指陈述。
关联副词连接副词主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等。例句:He didn’t tell me when we should meet again.他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面。注:宾语从句通常跟在名词或代词后面。
动宾从句的用法
动宾从句
大多数及物动词都可以带宾语从句。
部分“动词+副词”结构也可以带宾语从句。
动词短语也可以带宾语从句,常见的这些词有:make sure(确保)、make up one’s mind(下决心)、keep in mind(牢记)
可运用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句①动词find,feel,consider,make,believe,think等后面有宾语补足语的时候,则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置。
②有些动词带宾语从句时需要在宾语与从句前加it(双宾语)这类动词主要有:hate,take,owe,have,see to.award,lend.hand,mail,offer,pass,pay,post,read,return,show,teach,tell
介宾从句的用法
介宾从句
用whether之类的介词宾语从句。
用that,if引导的介词宾语从句,有时候except,but,besides三个介词后可见到that引导的宾语从句。
形容+宾从句的用法
形容+宾从句
有些形容词具有动词的含义,所以也可以带一个宾语从句;例句:
I am sorry I am late.
I am glad that you can join us.
Are you sure his answer is right?
常用来引导宾语从句的形容词有:sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprised
if与whether的用法
if和whether在作“是否”理解时,引导宾语从句常放在动词know,ask,care,wonder,find out等之后,介词后一般不用if。
少数动词,如:leave,put,discuss,doubt后的宾语从句常用whether。
whether后可以加or not,但是if不可以。
在不定式前只能用whether。
一般“no matter”后表示“是否”用whether而不用if。
不省略引导词
存在以下情况时引导词that不可省略:
that作learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等动词的宾语。
宾语从句较长。
主语状语置于主句尾,宾语从句之前。
主语谓语动词(包括非谓语动词)与宾语从句之间有插入语。
一个动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时,第一个that可以省略,第二个that不可以省略。
宾语从句中的主语是this,that或those,these做主语的定语。
宾语从句是双宾语中的直接宾语。
宾语从句的主语是非谓语动词或主语从句。
主语中的谓语动词是固定词组。
宾语从句有it做其先行词。
直接引语中,转述分句把宾语从句隔开。
that在从句中充当主语。
否定转移
主句的谓语动词是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,fancy,guess等,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致.如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词,其反义疑问句要用肯定形式.我们通常称为否定前移。
时态和语序
当主句为现在时或将来时,宾语从句的时态一般不受主句的时态所影响.
当主句为过去时
①从句用一般过去时或过去进行时表示与主句谓语动词动作同时发生
②从句过去完成时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之前
③从句谓语用过去将来时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之后
④如果从句是一个客观真理,那么从句的时态不根据主句的时态而变化
⑤当宾语从句的引导词是who,which,what,when,where,how,why等表疑问时,不能按正常语序安排,经常将这类引导词置于句首
无论任何时候都为陈述语序.但也有部分口语提问例外 E.G:What's the matter?What's wrong with you?
"My father bought me a new watch yesterday." is a structure of ________. [ ] A. S+V+P
B. S+V+IO+DO
C. S+V+DO+CO
D. S+V+DOA: Do you know _______ for advice when we have problems.
B: You can talk to your parents or teachers.[ ] A. who to talk
B. when to talk to
C. who to talk to
D. who can we talk to— Do you know _____?
— Sorry, I have no idea.[ ] A. who is she waiting for
B. why was she late for school
C. how is she coming
D. what she is doing that forI watched the man for a long time and wanted to know _______. [ ] A. whether I have seen him before
B. where I had seen him before
C. that I had seen him before
D. when did I see him— Excuse me, could you tell me _____?
— Sorry, I"m new here, too.[ ] A. where is the nearest bank
B. how can I get to the bank
C. there is a bank near here
D. which way is to the bankDo you know _______ during the coming holiday? [ ] A. what will Tom do
B. what did Tom do
C. What Tom will do
D. what Tom didCould you please tell me _____ our tickets? [ ] A. where do we show
B. where we do show
C. where we to show
D. where to showKangkang is asking Mr. Lee _____ about Shenzhou VI. [ ]
A. that he will tell him something
B. when will he tell him something
C. if he will tell him something
D. to speak something—We can use QQ to talk with each other on the Internet.
—Really? Will you show me ________ it?[ ] A. how to use
B. what to use
C. how can I use
D. what can I use—What did the headmaster come here for?
—He wanted to know ______.[ ] A. what the girl"s name was
B. where was Peter born
C. how did he come
D. when he can leaveDo all the students know _____ ? [ ] A. why they are studying for
B. what are they studying
C. what they are studying for
D. what are they studying for—Do you know _______? I"m going to see him.
—Sorry, I don"t know.[ ]
A. where he lives
B. where does he live
C. where did he live
D. where he lived— Is the lake there beautiful?
— The photo will show you _____.[ ] A. how does it look like
B. what does it look like
C. how it looks like
D. what it looks likeThe teacher asked Lucy _______. [ ] A. where does she come from
B. what did she like best
C. if she could speak Chinese
D. what she likes best—We can use QQ to talk with each other on the Internet.
—Really? Will you please show me _______ it?[ ] A. what to use
B. how to use
C. how can I use
D. what can I use—Excuse me, could you tell me ________?
—My name is Kate Green.[ ] A. what is your name
B. what your name is
C. what was your name
D. what your name wasMy teacher asked me _______ such a nice model plane. [ ] A. how I made
B. how did I make
C. how I make
D. how do I makeThe farmers taught us ______ trees on Tree-planting Day. [ ] A. planted
B. to plant
C. what to plant
D. how to plantI don"t know _______. [ ] A. when will the train arrive
B. will the train arrive
C. the train will arrive
D. when the train will arrive— Do you know ______?
— Sorry, I don"t know.[ ] A. where he lives
B. where did he live
C. where does he live
D. he live where—Could you tell me ________?
—It"s about ten minutes" ride.[ ] A. where is your school
B. which the way to your school is
C. when do you go to school
D. how far your school is from hereI don"t know _____ to do with it. Will you please show me how? [ ] A. where
B. when
C. how
D. whatWe wanted to know _____. [ ] A. where did he live three years ago
B. where he lived in three years before
C. why he cried so sadly
D. how soon he will come backCould you tell me when _____? [ ] A. does the train leave
B. will the train leave
C. the train has left
D. the train leaves- Could you tell me _______ to the Science Museum?
[ ] A. which bus shall I take
B. I should take which bus
C. how can I get
D. which bus I should take Could you please tell me _____? [ ] A. where the Grand Central Station is
B. how far the Grand Central Station was
C. how can we get to the Grand Central Station
D. when was the Grand Central Station builtHe has a lot of work to do. He is wondering ________. [ ] A. whether to go to the party
B. where to go
C. how to send e-mails.Could you please tell me ______? [ ] A. how could I get to the airport
B. how could I get to the airport
C. how can I get to the airport
D. how I can get to the airportDo you know _______ will repair the robot that went wrong? [ ] A. whether
B. where
C. who—Could you tell me ________ to visit Dr Sun Yatsen"s Mausoleum (陵墓)?
—The day after tomorrow, I think.[ ] A. when will you go
B. when you will go
C. when would you goI am wondering _________. [ ] A. why did he come to school late
B. why he came to school late
C. that he came to school late
D. why was he late for schoolThese photographs will show you __________. [ ] A. what does Baoshan New Area look like
B. what Baoshan New Area looks like
C. how does Baoshan New Area look like
D. how Baoshan New Area looks like— What did you say to your mother just now?
— I asked her ______ she cooked for dinner.[ ] A. that
B. if
C. how
D. whatCould you tell me when _______? [ ] A. will the scientist arrive
B. the scientist would arrive
C. the scientist will arrive
D. would the scientist arriveFather asked Edison ________ doing that for. [ ] A. how is he
B. what he was
C. why was he
D. where he isThere is not many differences between the two. I really don"t know ________. [ ] A. what should I choose
B. which I should choose
C. which should I choose
D. what I should chooseWould you show me ______ an e-mail, please? [ ] A. how to make
B. how to send
C. which to make
D. when to send根据第一句的意思,完成第二句,使其意思相同或相近。每空填一个单词。 1. I think his suggestions are valuable for my study.
I think ________ he ________ is valuable for my study.
2. A number of well-known people took part in this year"s Shanghai Film Festival.
Many ________ people __________ this year"s Shanghai Film Festive.
3. "Remember to come here on time?" The teacher said to Tom.
The teacher told Tom _________ ________ there on time.
4. Not only his parents but also most Chinese are caring about Yao Ming"s hurt.
_________ his parents __________most Chinese are caring about Yao Ming"s hurt.
5. A lot of media reported Sadem Hosein was hanged.
It _______ _________ that Sadem Hosein was hanged.
6. The foreign teachers are discussing whether they should send exchange students to Huai"an Foreign
Language School.
The foreign teachers are discussing ________ _______send exchange students to Huai"an Foreign Language
School.
7. As I rushed into the assembly hall out of breath, the host announced the beginning of the presentation.
As I rushed into the assembly hall ________ ________, the host announced the beginning of the presentation.— I don"t know _____ the piano.
— Don"t worry. I can teach you.[ ] A. how to play
B. when to play
C. how playing
D. when playingThe physics teacher said light _______ faster than sound. [ ] A. go
B. travels
C. went
D. travelledTom wondered ________. [ ] A. where was the necklace from
B. where the necklace come from
C. where the necklace was from
D. where did the necklace come fromRecently I am busy writing a guide and the guide describes ______. [ ] A. how I think wilt life on Mars be like
B. what I think will life on Mars be like
C. how I think life on Mars will look like
D. what I think life on Mars will be likeThere are so many kinds of CDs in the shop. We can"t decide ______. [ ] A. what to buy
B. to buy what
C. which to buy
D. to buy whichI can"t send an e-mail. Would you please show me _______? [ ] A. what to do it
B. where to do
C. when to do
D. how to do it— Could you tell me _____ she is looking for?
— Her cousin, Susan.[ ] A. that
B. whose
C. whom
D. whichWould you please tell me _____ next, Mr Wang? [ ] A. what should we do
B. we should do what
C. what we should do
D. should do whatI don"t know _________. [ ] A. where he lives
B. where does he live
C. where did he live
D. where he liveI _______ I _______ going to stay at home. [ ] A. don"t think, am
B. not think, am
C. think, am not
D. no think, amDo you know what _____? [ ] A. his favorite song is
B. is his favorite song
C. his favorite song
D. his most favorite song is
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