题目

关于虚拟语气中的被动语态的问题
是不是这样：
假设现在的被动
例：If I were given the chance to get on the stage,I would make them surprised.
假设过去的被动：
例：If I had been told about that,I would have told U

提问时间：2021-11-02

答案

是的,你所列举的两种时态的虚拟语气是正确的.下面为你详细说明下条件句的虚拟语气：
条件句中的虚拟语气根据不同的时间有三种不同的形式
时间 从句谓语形式 主句谓语形式
将来 动词过去式(be用were) would / should / might / could + 动词原形
should + 动词原形 / were to + 动词原形
现在 动词过去式(be 用 were) would / should / might / could + 动词原形
过去 had +动词过去分词 would / should / might / could have + 动词过去分词
但是,需要注意几个问题
(1) 当从句的主语为第三人称单数时,谓语动词若是系动词be时,可用 was 代替 were.但在倒装虚拟结构及 if I were you,as it were 中,只能用 were.
(2) 有时,虚拟条件句中,主、从句的动作若不是同时发生时,须区别对待.
①从句的动作与过去事实相反,而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符.如：
If I had worked hard at school,I would be an engineer,too.如果我在学校学习刻苦的话,我现在也会使工程师了
②从句的动作与现在事实相反,而主句的动作与过去事实不符.如：
If he were free today,we would have sent him to Beijing.如果他今天有空的话,我们会已经派他去北京了.
③从句的动作与过去发生的情况相反,而主句的动作与现在正在发生的情况相反.如：
If it had not been raining too much,the crops would be growing much better.如果天不下太多的雨的话,庄家会长得更好.
(3) 当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有 were,should,had 时,if 可省略,而将 were,should,had等词置于句首.
Should he agree to go there,we would send him there.要是他答应去的话,我们就派他去.
Were she here,she would agree with us.如果她在这儿的话,她会同意我们的.
(4) 有时,句子没有直接给出假设情况的条件,而须通过上下文或其他方式来判断.如：
I would have come to see you,but I was too busy.我本该来看你了,然而我太忙了.
But for his help,we would be working now.要不是他的帮助,我们还会在工作呢.
Without your instruction,I would not have made such great progress.要是没有你的指导,我不会取得如此大的进步.
(5) 有时,虚拟条件句中,主、从句可以省略其中的一个,来表示说话人的一种强烈的感情.
①省略从句
He would have finished it.他本该完成了.
You could have passed this exam.你应该会通过这次考试了.
②省略主句
If I were at home now.要是我现在在家里该多好啊!
If only I had got it.要是我得到它了该多好啊!