题目

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What does a scientist do when he or she “explains” something? Scientific explanation comes in two forms: generalization and deduction. Most psychologists deal with generalization. They explain particular instances of behavior as examples of general laws. For instance most psychologists would explain a pathologically strong fear of dogs as an example of classical conditioning. Presumably, the person was frightened earlier in life by a dog. An unpleasant stimulus was paired with the sight of the animal (perhaps the person was knocked down by an exuberant dog) and the subsequent sight of dogs evokes the earlier response -- fear.

提问时间：2021-03-27

答案

科学家做些什么时,他或她“解释”的东西呢?科学的解释有两种形式：归纳演绎.大多数心理学家研究的泛化.他们解释行为的特殊情况下的一般规律的例子.例如,大多数心理学家将解释狗病理强烈的恐惧作为古典空调为例.据推测,人害怕在生命早期的狗.一个不愉快的刺激配对与动物的视线（也许是人是由一个旺盛的狗撞倒）和狗的随后的视线唤起的早期反应——恐惧.