题目

我们英语中,直接引语与间接引语有什么区别?

提问时间：2021-03-23

答案

1 直接引语是直接引述别人的原话,原话用有引号,而间接引语是引述别人的话,不用引号.间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句.直接引语改为间接引语时,应该注意时态的变化：
1.直接引语变为间接引语时,如果主句中的谓语动词是一般现在时或一般将来时,则间接引语从句的时态保持不变.例如：
He says,“I have finished my homework.”→He says that he has finished his homework.She will say,“I'll do it tomorrow.”→She will say that she'll do it the next day.
2.如果主句的时态是一般过去时,从句的时态则应是与主句时态相应的过去时态.①一般现在时→一般过去时；②一般过去时→过去完成时；③现在进行时→过去进行时；④现在完成时→过去完成时；⑤过去完成时→过去完成时（不变）；⑥一般将来时→过去将来时.例如：
The girl said,“I'm sorry for being late for class.”→The girl said that she was sorry for being late for class.
He said to me,“I am writing a letter.”→He told me that he was writing a letter.
3.直接引语如果是客观事实或真理,变为间接引语时,从句时态不变.例如：
The teacher said,“The earth moves around the sun.”→The teacher said that the earth moves around the sun.
另外,时间、地点、人称等一般要作相应的调整.
直接引语变为间接引语,应注意几种形式：
1．直接引语是陈述句,改为间接引语时,要将这个陈述句改为宾语从句,其连接词要用that(可省略).
He said:“We went to the cinema yesterday.”他说：“我们昨日去看电影了.”
He said (that) they had gone to the cinema the day before.他说前一天他们看了电影.
注：①人称代词、物主代词、指示代词的相应变化；②时态的相应变化；③时间状语、地点状语的相应变化.
2．直接引语如果是疑问句,改为间接引语时,须将疑问句的语序改为陈述句的语序,其人称、时态等相应的变化同上.
(1)直接引语为一般问句,变为间接引语时,须用连词whether或将其引出.如果主句的谓语动词为则将其改为asked .
They said to him:“Can you plant wheat and rice in the same field?”他们对他说道：“你能在同一块地里种小麦和水稻吗?”
They asked him whether (if) he could plant wheat and rice in the same field.他们问他是否他能在同一块地里种小麦和水稻.
(2)直接引语为特殊疑问句,仍用特殊疑问句中的疑问词what,who,when,where ,how等,作为连接词将其引出,构成宾语从句.
3．直接引语为祈使句变为间接引语时,和上面所讲的情况有所不同,要用tell/ask/order sb.(not) to do sth.句型.该句型就是把祈使句中的动词原形改为动词不定式.如果说祈使句的动词为said,就将其改为told,asked或ordered等.如：
He said,“Sit down,please.”他说：“请坐.”
He asked me to sit down.他让我坐下.
2 现在完成时是表示一直持续做的事.例：我学英语五年了.I've been study English for five years.另一种是强调对现在的影响.例：他去伦敦了,他现在不住这儿.He has been to London.He doesn't live here now.
过去完成时,顾名思义,可以理解为过去的过去,表示以前做的事,现在停下来不做了.例：我以前在这里上过学.I had been study here before.（上学是一个长久的过程,不能用一般过去时代替.）
3 被动语态有很多种的.你说的那两种只不过是时态上的区别.例：一幅用来保暖.