题目

托福TPO 16的一道阅读
This mode of craft（手艺） production favored（有利于） the growth of self-governing and ideologically egalitarian(平等主义的) craft guilds everywhere in the Middle Eastern city.These were essentially professional associations that provided for the mutual aid and protection of their members,and allowed for the maintenance of professional standards.The growth of independent guilds was furthered（推动） by the fact that surplus was not a result of domestic craft production but resulted primarily from international trading; the government left working people to govern themselves,much as shepherds of tribal（部落的） confederacies（联盟） were left alone by their leaders.In the multiplicity of small-scale local egalitarian or quasi-egalitarian organizations for fellowship,worship,and production that flourished in this laissez-faire environment,individuals could interact with one another within a community of harmony and ideological equality,following their own popularly elected leaders and governin

提问时间：2021-01-06

答案

答案是2吧?不是没有,而是错了1选项These were essentially professional associations that provided for the mutual aid and protection of their members, and allowed for the maintenance of professional stand...