题目

英语翻译
都江堰建于公元前256年,是全世界至今为止,年代最久、唯一留存、以无坝引水为特征的宏大水利工程.两千多年来,它一直发挥着防洪灌溉作用,使成都平原成为水旱从人、沃野千里的天府之国.世界文化遗产—都江堰旅游区为国家AAAA级旅游景区、国家级风景名胜区.
岷江是长江上游的一条较大的支流,发源于四川北部高山地区.每当春夏山洪暴发的时候,江水奔腾而下,进入成都平原,由于河道狭窄,古时常常引起洪灾,洪水一退,又是沙石千里.而灌县岷江东岸的玉垒山又阻碍江水东流,造成东旱西涝.秦昭襄王五十一年,李冰任蜀郡太守,他为民造福,排除洪灾之患,主持修建了著名的都江堰水利工程.
都江堰的主体工程是将岷江水流分成两条,其中一条水流引入成都平原,这样既可以分洪减灾,又达到了引水灌田、变害为利.另外一条则汇入长江.都江堰水利工程最主要部分为都江堰渠首工程,这是都江堰灌溉系统中最关键、最重要的设施.都江堰渠首工程主要由鱼嘴分流堤、飞沙堰溢洪道和宝瓶口引流工程三大部分组成.它科学地解决了江水的自动分流、自动排沙、控制进水流量等问题,三者首尾相接、互相照应、浑然天成、巧夺天工.
鱼嘴分水堤坐落在岷江中游的顶端.它将奔腾而来的岷江一分为二,外江为原始河床,内江用于引流灌溉,它巧妙之处体现于两点.其一是它利用内江河床低而枯水季节六成引水,外江河床宽,则洪水季节六成泄洪.所谓“分四六,平潦旱”正是这个道理.其二是鱼嘴处于岷江中游第一弯的末端,它巧妙的利用了弯道流体力学的自然法则,即表层水流入凹岸,低层水流入凸岸.于是沙石含量较少的表层水自然涌入内江,而底层水则顺着江弯的凸岸挤向外江,绝大部分沙石也就在外江河道上滚动、留沉.所谓“四六分洪,二八排沙”说的便是这个道理.
当鱼嘴将江水导入内江以后,奔腾的江水便准备着流向成都平原.如何驾驭岷江那不羁的野性?
飞沙堰是都江堰三大要件之一,看上去十分平凡,其实它的功用却是任何工程都无法取代的,可以说是确保成都平原不受水灾的关键要害.飞沙堰的的高度刚好超过内江河床2.15米,它的作用主要是当内江的水量超过宝瓶口流量上限时,多余的水便从飞沙堰自行溢出；如果遇到特大洪水的紧急情况,它还会自行溃堤,让大量江水回归岷江正流.另一作用是“飞沙”地巧妙地利用离心力的作用和虎头岩的顶拖作用将上游带来的泥沙和卵石,甚至重达数百公斤的巨石,从这里抛入外江,确保内江通畅,确有鬼斧神功之妙.
宝瓶口是由人工开凿的一通山峡,玉垒山被一分为二,其间只留出20米的入水口,内江水从百米之宽的河道涌向宝瓶口,平水季节奔流而过,高峰时节则节节升高,不加节制的水流不断爬升,一涌而入,成都平原就会遭受洪涝灾害.此间飞沙堰的设计与宝瓶口相互结合,它的高度刚好超过内江河床2.15米.这就意味着当内江水位升高2.15米后,汹涌的波涛将从飞沙堰溢出.宝瓶口入水便始终在一个几乎平衡的常量上.成都平原从此以后既获灌溉又安然无恙,此间的苦心可谓巧也.
四川人民为了纪念李冰父子修建了二王庙.二王庙原名“崇德祠”,寓意李冰治水有功,人们推崇他的恩德.宋、元两代,李冰父子先后敕封为王,故将崇德祠改为二王庙.从此,蜀人敬李冰如神明.现存建筑为清代重修.
2000多年来,李冰父子凿离堆,开堰建渠为天府之国带来的福泽一直为世人所崇敬、感激,二王庙从古至今不但香火鼎盛,而且在历史上一直都有官方以及民间的祭典活动和祭祀活动.形成了以李冰父子为主题人物的每年农历六月二十四日和六月二十六日为中心的庙会活动.

提问时间：2020-11-07

答案

Dujiang weirs constructs in 256 B.C.,is the world until now,the age is most long,only preserves,take the non-dam pilot as the characteristic great hydraulic engineering.2000 for many years,it has been playing the flood prevention irrigation role continuously,causes the Chengdu plain to become the flood and drought from the human,the vast fertile area land of abundance.World culture inheritance - Dujiang weirs tourist area for national AAAA level traveling scenic area,state-level scenery scenic spot area.
The Minjiang River is upstream a Yangtze River's big branch,originates north Sichuan the mountain area.Whenever spring summer mountain flooding,river water galloping under,enters the Chengdu plain,because the river course is narrow,as soon as the ancient times cause the flood disaster frequently,the flood draw back,also is the grit great distance.East but the Guanxian Minjiang River east bank jade builds the mountain to hinder east the river water to flow,creates west the drought the waterloggingNo matter what the Suchuan county grand minister superintendent of KULUN,he benefits the people,removed trouble of the flood disaster,the management has constructed the famous Dujiang weirs hydraulic engineering.
Dujiang weirs's principal part of a project is divides into the Minjiang River current of water two,current of water introduces the Chengdu plain,like this both may reduce the flood reduces disaster,and had achieved channels water to irrigate fields,turns bad to good.Moreover converges Yangtze River.Dujiang weirs hydraulic engineering most main part for Dujiang weirs headwork,this is in the Dujiang weirs irrigation system is most essential,the most important facility.The Dujiang weirs headwork mainly by the fish mouth divergence dike,flies the weir on sand spillway and the valuable bottle mouth drainage project three major part is composed.It solved the river water automatic divergence,the automatic discharge of silt scientifically,has controlled questions and so on discharge of water,three head and tail docking,took care of mutually,the day becomes quite the same as,wonderful workmanship.