题目

求助,谢谢了,没有办法英语太差了.
The second theme that emerged from my research was that becoming a manager was largely a process of learning from experience .New managers could only appreciate their new role and identity through action, not contemplation.They learned what it meant to be a manager and how to be one by facing real problems with real consequences .
They grappled with four transformational tasks:(1)learning what it really means to be a manager ;(2)developing interpersonal judgement;(3)gaining self-knowledge;(4)coping with stress and emotion .Much to their chagrin ,the reality of management differed from the theory of management.Understandably ,the new managers focused first on their team of direct reports and the associated formal authority-the rights and privileges associated with getting a promotion.In fact ,what attracted them to management was the prospect of having more authority and freedom.

提问时间：2020-10-27

答案

我研究的第二个主题就是,管理者的成长,来自于不断地积累经验.只有实践,而非想象或思考,才能使一个新的管理者意识到自己的身份和角色.只有在工作中遇到实际问题,承担实际责任时,他们才会意识到自己的责任和应采取的工作方式.在转变过程中,他们需要完成四项任务：1.了解管理者的责任 2.提高对人际关系的判断能力 3.形成自我认知4. 学会面对压力和处理个人感情.然而让人懊恼的是,管理实践往往与管理理论相左.可以理解,新的管理者往往首先看重团队的层级关系以及相应的个人权力,这些都伴随着升职而来.事实上,管理层的诱人之处就在于提供了更多的权力和自由度.