题目

已知磷酸的pKa1=2.12,pKa2=7.21,pKa3=12.66,若控制磷酸盐溶液的PH=6.0,则安浓度的大小顺序,
,溶液中两种主要的存在型体是

提问时间：2020-10-25

答案

直接用分布系数计算
H3PO4的分布系数=[H+]^3 /{ [H+]^3 +[H+]^2*Ka1 +[H+]*Ka1 *Ka2 +Ka1*Ka2*Ka3}
=(10^-6)^3 / { (10^-6)^3 +(10^-6)^2 *10^-2.12 +(10^-6)*(10^-2.12)* (10^-7.21 )+ (10^-2.12)* (10^-7.21 )*(10^-12.66)
=1.24*10^-4
H2PO4-的分布系数=[H+]^2*Ka1 /{ [H+]^3 +[H+]^2*Ka1 +[H+]*Ka1 *Ka2 +Ka1*Ka2*Ka3}
=(10^-6)^2 *10^-2.12 / { (10^-6)^3 +(10^-6)^2 *10^-2.12 +(10^-6)*(10^-2.12)* (10^-7.21 )+ (10^-2.12)* (10^-7.21 )*(10^-12.66)
=0.941
HPO42-的分布系数=[H+]*Ka1*Ka2 /{ [H+]^3 +[H+]^2*Ka1 +[H+]*Ka1 *Ka2 +Ka1*Ka2*Ka3}
=(10^-6) *(10^-2.12)* (10^-7.21 ) / { (10^-6)^3 +(10^-6)^2 *10^-2.12 +(10^-6)*(10^-2.12)* (10^-7.21 )+ (10^-2.12)* (10^-7.21 )*(10^-12.66)
=0.058
PO43-的分布系数=Ka1*Ka2*Ka3 /{ [H+]^3 +[H+]^2*Ka1 +[H+]*Ka1 *Ka2 +Ka1*Ka2*Ka3}
=(10^-2.12)* (10^-7.21 ) *(10^-12.66) / { (10^-6)^3 +(10^-6)^2 *10^-2.12 +(10^-6)*(10^-2.12)* (10^-7.21 )+ (10^-2.12)* (10^-7.21 )*(10^-12.66)
=1.27*10^-8
因此 H2PO4- >HPO42- >H3PO4 >PO43-