题目

英语翻译
标题∶郑和“贻铃”史实辨析
摘要∶陈第的《东番记》,自明万历卅一年（1603）问世至民国初这300余年间,曾被十多部史籍文献转引.其中《闽海赠言》为全文刊载,余者大多是引述郑和“贻铃”这段典故.由此可见,“贻铃”是《东番记》中至关重要的一段记述.但由于“贻铃”中陡然一句“家贻一铜铃,使颈之盖狗之也”,令后人在解读上徒增了“贻铃”究竟是否表示“狗也”之疑惑.因之,明清以来不断有学者对“狗也”采取了回避态度或质疑.本文在介绍现有成果的同时,着重探究了郑和在“与日本交涉、招谕海外诸番”过程中,前往东番人住地（走访不遇后）“贻铃”这一实质；并就“贻铃”与“狗也”,“狗国”与“和恶之”等有争议的论点展开了探讨.
关键词：陈第 东番记 郑和 贻铃 狗也 辨析
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提问时间：2020-10-22

答案

For over 300 years,from the 31st year of the reign of Emperior Wanli,Ming Dynasty (1603),"An Account of the Eastern Barbarians" (《东番记》),written by Chen-di (陈第),has been a literary term for historical reference on many accounts.Amongst these references,"Bequeath to the coastal Fujian" (《闽海赠言》) has quoted the whole original text,while other quotes give an account of the bell-gift anecdote.Thus,it can be seen that the bell-gift is an important anecdote in "An Account of the Eastern Barbarians" .However,it is said in the anecdote,"left a bell for Pasai as a gift for wearing around the neck,like dogs".It leaves so much room for interpretation - whether the bell gift is meant to be demeaningful,treating Pasai like a pet dog.Therefore,since the Ming Dynasty,many scholars have doubts about the "dog" reference and chosen to avoid interpreting same.While this paper presents the findings of this anecdote,it reviews Zheng-he's mission to resolve the territorial disputes with Japan and to subdue the eastern barbarians.This paper provides for an in-depth examination of the anecdote and its controversy - whether leaving the bell-gift after failing to meet with Pasai has any real claim,whether the bell-gift signifies a "name-calling" insult,whether the naming of "dog country" and "showing hostile attitude" has any real evidence.
Keywords:Chen-di,"An Account of the Eastern Barbarians",Zheng-he,bell-gift,dog,analysis