题目

同位语从句和宾语补足语之间有什么不同

提问时间：2020-10-20

答案

你是一位小妹妹吧,我看了一下你的资料,不知道你这么小我这样整理了一下,不知你能否看懂,加油!
我先和你举例和你说说下面两个同位语从句.
一、1. 名词作同位语
　　Mr Wang, my child’s teacher, will be visiting us on Tuesday.王先生,我孩子的老师,星期二要来看我们.
2.短语作同位语
　　I, the oldest girl in the family, always had to care for the other children.我,作为家里最大的女孩,老得照料家中的其他孩子.
这两个句子中“my child’s teacher”和“the oldest girl in the family”是同位语,它们的作用相当于名词,对前面的名词加以补充说明或进一步解释,它们之间的关系是同位关系.
二、宾语宾语补足语从句是一个句子
一、许多动词可跟一个宾语 + to do…构成句子,句中的不定式作宾语补足语；否定形式为“动词+宾语+not to do…”.例如：
My boss told me to type out two letters.
分析：句中“My boss”做主语,“told”作谓语,“me”作宾语,划线部分作宾语补足语.请看下面的句子.
They forbade her to leave the country.
Please remind me not to be late for the meeting.
高中范围内,适用于“动词+宾语+(not)to do…”的结构,不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：advise,allow,ask,beg,cause,direct,encourage,expect,forbid,force,invite,order,permit,persuade,remind,re-quest,require,teach,tell,want,warn等.
二、有些动词可跟“宾语+to be…”构成句子,句中的不定式作宾语补足语.例如：
I consider him to be the best candidate.
分析：句中“I”做主语,“consider”作谓语,“him”作宾语,划线部分作宾语补足语.请看下面的句子.
I know him to be a liar.
I suppose him to be away from home.
高中范围内,适用于“动词+宾语+to be…”的结构,不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：consider,declare,discover,feel,find,suppose等.
三、有些动词(感官动词和使动词)后可跟不带to的不定式构成句子,句中的不定式作宾语补足语.例如：
He saw her enter the room.
分析：句中“He”做主语,“saw”作谓语,“her”作宾语,划线部分作宾语补足语.请看下面的句子.
She won't let me do it.
I heard her lock the door.
We watched the children play games.
高中范围内,适用于“动词+宾语+do…”的结构,不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：feel,have,hear,let,make,notice,observe,see,watch等.还有两个词组：listen to,look at.
注意:这类句子变为被动结构时,不定式前加to.请看下列句子,句中划线部分作宾语补足语.例如：
A child was seen to enter the building.
She was often heard to sing this song.
四、help后的不定式可加to,也可不加to(美国人不加to时较多),但被动结构中要加to.例如：
I'll help you(to) push the cart.
分析：句中“I”做主语,“will help”作谓语,“you”作宾语,划线部分作宾语补足语.
上句的被动语态为：You'll be helped to push the cart.
五、有些“动词+介词”的结构后也可跟不定式构成句子,句中的不定式作宾语补足语.例如：
He shouted to me to come over.
分析：句中“He”做主语,“shouted”作谓语,“to”为介词,“me”作宾语,划线部分作宾语补足语.请看下列句子,句子的结构为“动词+介词+宾语+to do…”,划线部分为不定式,作宾语补足语.请看下面的句子.
I depend on you to do it.
I am counting on you to help me through.
高中范围内,适用于“动词+介词+宾语+to do…”的结构,不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：shout to sb.to do,call on sb. to do,count on sb. to do,depend on sb. to do,wait for sb. to do等.
六、作宾语补足语的不定式,表示的动作在谓语所表示情况之前发生,就需要用完成形式：
He was known to have worked for the International Olympic Committee.
分析：句中“He”做主语,“was known”作谓语,使用了被动语态.由句意可知,“为国际奥委会工作”发生在前,“大家知道”发生在后.故不定式部分用完成形式,在句中作宾语补足语.请看下面的句子.
They are believed to have discussed the problem.
七、作宾语补足语的不定式,表示一个正在进行的动作时需用进行形式：
He is believed to be living in Mexico.
分析：句中“He”做主语,“isbelieved”作谓语,使用了被动语态.由于句子表达主语现在正在发生的情况,故用不定式的进行形式,句中划线部分作宾语补足语.请看下列句子.
Thousands were reported to be working in concentration camps.
He is thought to be hiding in the woods.
间或不定式作宾语补足语也可用于完成进行时.例如：
She is said to have been doing this work for twenty years.
八、不定式作宾语补足语的被动形式：
he didn't want her son to be taken away.
分析：句中“She”做主语,“didn't want”作谓语,“her son”作宾语,由于“her son”与“take away”之间为被动关系,故用被动形式,句中划线部分作宾语补足语.请看下列句子.
I'd like this room to be redecorated.
He didn't wish the subject to be mentioned in the letteR.
你需要把这两个词语的用法分别弄清楚了就会理解了,相信你.如果不明白你可以再继续问.