题目

英语翻译
6 (a) The process of construction can yield large benefits to the government officials in the form of payments from those who receive the construction contracts,and the grandeur of the completed project can pay electoral dividends.But will the political rewards of maintenance be as great as the political costs of maintenance?(b) The private owner of a road knows that no revenue can be collected from road users unless it is adequately maintained.A residual claimant will carefully and continually compare the marginal cost of specific maintenance procedures with their marginal benefit,the latter estimated in terms of how much more users will be willing to pay because of the improvement.In Book V of his Wealth of Nations,Adam Smith commends the wisdom of a government that,after constructing a canal,assigned future revenues to the engineer who had built the canal,apparently in the reasonable belief that he would be the one most capable of managing the canal in the public interest.He obviously possessed the appropriate knowledge and skills,and ownership gave him the appropriate incentives.
7 (a) Entrepreneurs face the problem of persuading other people to accept their guarantees.One of the most common ways to do that is to be the owner of a lot of valuable production facilities,which operate as a kind of assurance that you won't run away and that you have the resources to satisfy your contractual obligations.Employees usually just take for granted that the wages for which they have contracted will be paid and paid on time.But they will be suspicious of an employer who has no settled place of business and whose only address is a post office box.Wouldn't you?(b) Suppliers of such inputs as raw materials,monetary loans,and physical facilities must also trust the entrepreneur.What persuades suppliers to ship goods before payment has been received,or bankers to extend loans,or owners of physical facilities to allow someone to use those facilities?Sometimes it's "deposits"; sometimes it's personal wealth; sometimes it's a track record.And sometimes the trust turns out to have been misplaced.(c) They do so in return for a guaranteed income.(d) They do so because they have confidence in their ability to succeed at the enterprise for which they have hired the employee,and they don't want to have to share decision-making authority.

提问时间：2020-10-12

答案

6(a) 建筑工程往往能够给政府官员带来巨大的利益（通过竞标得到夺标者的报偿）,同时巨型（面子）工程的完成也将成为竞选时的政绩.但维护一个工程的政治回报是否会大于政治成本呢?
（b) 道路的私人业主知道,如果一条道路没有妥善维护,则没有任何收入可言（因为没有人使用该道路,就收取不到过路费）.他们会认真的持续衡量任何维护措施所需要的边际成本和所带来的边际利益.所谓的边际利益指的是在维修之后,使用者愿意多付多少（即愿意承担多少的涨价）.亚当史密斯在他的《国富论》第五卷关于“政府的智慧”时指出,政府在修建一条运河后,将运河所带来的收入分发给修建运河的工程师,显然是有理由相信他（工程师）是最适合代替民众管理运河的人选.他（工程师）显而易见有着充分的知识和能力,而所有权能够给他带来适当的激励.
7(a) 企业家总是无法成功劝说他人相信他们的保证.最常见的一种（成功）做法就是拥有大量高价值的生产设备.从而保证你不会突然消失,并且有资源去履行你的合同义务.员工往往认为按照合同按时支付他们工资是理所当然的,但如果一个雇主没有正式办公地点,只有一个邮政信箱的地址,他们会开始怀疑（雇主的支付能力）,不是吗? （B） 原材料的供应商,贷款机构,以及有形设施（通常指车间厂房,办公大楼）的提供者,也需要信任企业家.什么可以使供应商在收款前先运出货物? 或者使银行家继续贷款? 或者业主允许使用他的车间设备?有时候是“定金”,有时候是个人财富,有时候是信用历史. 但有时候这种信任也会落空（就是被放鸽子啦）. （C) 他们反过来这么做是为了保证收入. （D) 他们这么做是因为他们自信有能力让企业成功.为此他们请了员工,但并不希望与员工分享决策的权利.