题目

英语翻译
Hippos do not ruminate,which means that they do not chew their cud.They have three chambered stomachs—(A hippo's stomach consists of three distinct chambers - the parietal blind sac,the stomach (which can be considered simply connecting tissue),and the glandular stomach which connects to the intestines.The schematic to the right shows a basic sketch of this structure,and the red lines approximate the divisions between each region.4 The parietal blind sac,stomach,and glandular stomach are grouped together and modeled as a CSTR with autocatalytic digestion.The intestines are modeled as a PFR with enzyme catalytized digestion.) consisting of the parietal blind sac,the stomach,and the glandular stomach 4.Their stomachs are designed to efficiently derive nutrition from the lower-energy foods off which they exist.Within the complex structure of the hippo stomach microbial fermentation takes place,which is followed by enzyme catalytized digestion in the small and large intestine which are of similar size and structure.The microbial fermentation of ingested material before enzyme catalytized fermentation classify hippos (along with cows,sheep,goats,and kangaroos) as foregut fermenters,as opposed to hindgut fermentors where enzyme catalytized fermentation proceeds microbial fermentation (as demonstrated by horses,rhinos,rabbits,and koalas) 6.
The only natural predators of adult hippos are humans who seek them for their ivory tusks.However,hyenas,lions,leopards,and crocodiles prey upon hippo calves.The river hippopotamus is not yet endangered,but due to habitat loss and hunting their populations are declining.As a first approximation in the analysis of the digestive system,the system shall be assumed to operate at steady state conditions.However,in the actual case digestive reaction rates may be affected by changes in temperature,in pH,and in the composition of the microbial community.Also,to apply the design equations for ideal reactors,variations in volume due to the absorption of digestive products are assumed to be negligible .

提问时间：2020-07-26

答案

河马不反刍,这意味着他们不咀嚼反刍的食物.他们有三个腔胃-（河马的胃有三个不同的腔-顶盲囊,胃（这可以被认为简单的连接组织）,以及连接到肠的腺胃.右边显示的是这一种结构的简略图,红色线粗略的划分了这几个区域.4.顶叶囊,胃,腺胃组合在一起并模拟量一个自动催化消化罐.肠模拟了酶催化消化的PFR.）顶叶囊,胃和腺胃组成.他们的胃可用于高效地能从低能量食品获取存在的营养.河马内的微生物发酵胃发生复杂的结构,这是由酶在小型和大型的肠道类似规模和结构催化消化之后.在酶催化发酵之前的微生物发酵将海马（以及牛,绵羊,山羊和袋鼠）,与（马,犀牛,兔子表明,和考拉）的后肠发酵相反.6
成年河马的天敌是寻求他们象牙的人类.然而,鬣狗,狮子,豹子,河马和鳄鱼捕食牛犊.这条河的河马还没有绝种,但由于栖息地丧失和狩猎,它们的种群正在减少.在消化系统的一次近似分析,该系统应被假定为在稳定状态下运行.然而,在实际情况下消化道反应发生率可能会受温度变化,pH值,微生物群落结构的影响.此外,应用理想的反应公式,由于消化产品的吸收变化而引起的体积的改变被认为是微不足道的.