题目
题型：甘肃省期中题难度：来源：
Vitamin D is produced naturally by the skin in response to (对…的反应) sunlight and may help to
slow the ageing process and protect against heart disease, according to the study.
Researchers from King"s College London studied 2,160 women aged between 18 and 79, looking at
their telomeres-a biological marker of ageing found in DNA. As people get older, their telomeres get
shorter and they become more susceptible (易受伤害的) to certain illnesses.
But the study found women with high levels of vitamin D had comparatively longer telomeres-a sign of
being biologically younger and healthier.
The study suggests vitamin D may help to slow down the ageing process of DNA, and therefore the
ageing process as a whole.
Lead researcher Dr Brent Richards said, "These results are exciting because they show for the first
time that people who have higher levels of vitamin D may age more slowly than people with lower levels
of vitamin D." This could help to explain how vitamin D has a protective effect on many ageing related
diseases, such as heart disease and cancer."
Professor Tim Spector, a co-author of the report, added, " Although it might sound absurd(荒唐的),
it"s possible that the same sunshine which may increase our risk of skin cancer may also have a healthy
effect on the general ageing process.
Vitamin D made by the action of sunlight on the skin accounts for 90 percent of the body"s supply, but
lower levels can also be got through food such as fish, eggs and breakfast cereals(粥).
Other studies have suggested the vitamin plays a key role in protecting against cancer and heart disease.
B. sunshine protects people against heart disease
C. vitamin D makes one"s skin look young and healthy
D. vitamin D may help to slow the ageing process
B. the study generally has a healthy effect on the general ageing process
C. vitamin D can only be got from fish, eggs and breakfast cereals
D. the higher levels of vitamin D people have, the more slowly people may age
B. Sunlight can be dangerous as it causes skin cancer.
C. Sunlight does more good than harm to our health.
D. Vitamin D can also be gained from food.
B. Vitamin D Helps Slow Ageing
C. Sunlight and Vitamin D
D. Sunlight and Health
答案
核心考点
试题【阅读理解。 A healthy amount of sunshine may be the secret to staying young. Briti】；主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
effects of smoking tobacco (烟草). That number is increasing.
WHO officials expect 150 million people to die from tobacco use in the next twenty years. Seven in
ten of those deaths will be in developing countries. These numbers are frightening. Yet people around the world continue to smoke.
It is not easy to stop smoking. However, doctors say you will live longer if you do stop smoking.
You will feel better and look better. You will also protect the health of family members who breathe in
your smoke.
The American Cancer Society says there is not just one right way to stop smoking. It says that one
method or a unit of methods may be successful. These include attending self-help programs or following
directions in a book. The group says any way to stop smoking that is legal, moral and effective is worth
trying. This could include taking long walks or spending time in areas where smoking is not allowed.
Also, you could eat a small piece of fruit instead of having a cigarette.
The American Cancer Society says the sooner smokers stop smoking, the more they reduce (减少)
their chances of getting cancer and other diseases. It says blood pressure returns to normal twenty
minutes after a smoker smoking the last cigarette. Carbon monoxide (CO) gas levels in the blood return
to normal after eight hours. In a day, the chances of a heart attack decrease. In a year, the risk of heart
disease is half that of a smoker.
B. small countries
C. developing countries
D. developed countries
B. people will feel much better after giving up smoking
C. it is not necessary for people to give up smoking forever
D. it is hard to say whether it is good to give up smoking or not
that ________.
B. blood pressure returns to normal
C. carbon monoxide gas levels in the blood return to normal
D. the risk of heart disease for a non-smoker is half that of a smoker
B. the smoker can affect the health of his or her family members
C. following any way can help you stop smoking
D. no matter how hard you try it, it is worth doing that
"Everyone knows the planet is in bad shape," thundered a magazine article last year. Species are being
driven to die out at record rates, and the rivers are so poisonous that fish are floating on the surface, dead.
But there"s a growing belief that what everyone takes for granted is wrong: things are actually getting
better. A new book is about to overturn our most basic assumptions about the world"s environment. Rivers, seas, rain and the atmosphere are all getting cleaner. The total amount of forests in the world is not
declining. The Skeptical Environmentalist by Bjorn Lomborg, professor of statistics at the University of
Aarhus in Denmark, is an attack on the misleading claims of environmental groups, and the "bad news"
culture that makes people believe everything is getting worse.
Now the attacks are increasingly coming from left-wing environmentalists such as Lomborg, a former
member of Greenpeace. The accusation is that, although the environment is improving, green groups-with
profits of hundreds of mil-lions of pounds a year - are using scare tactics(谋略)to gain donations. Lomborg"s book doesn"t deny global warming - probably the biggest environmental threat - but destroys almost
every other environmental claim with many official statistics.
The Worldwatch Institute claims that "deforestation(沙漠化) has been accelerating over the last 30
years". But Lomborg says that is simply rubbish. Since the dawn of agriculture the world has lost about
20 per cent of its forest cover, but in recent decades the forest area"s depleting has come to a stop.
According to UN figures, the area of forests has remained almost steady, at about 30 per cent of total
land area, since the 1940s. Forests in countries such as the US, the UK and Canada have actually been
expanding over the past 40 years. Despite all the warnings the Amazon rainforest has only shrunk by
about 15 per cent.
Nor are all our species dying out. Some campaigners claim that 50 per cent of all species will have
died out within 50 years. But other studies show only 0.08 per cent of species are dying out each year.
Conservation efforts have been successful. Whales are no longer threatened and the bald eagle is off the
endangered list.
Environmental groups claim that many of the improvements are the results of the success of their
campaigns. Stephen Tindale, director of Greenpeace UK, said, "There are important examples, such as
acid rain and ozone, where things aren"t as bad as predicted, and that"s because behavior has changed."
B. The world"s environment is improving.
C. The total amount of forests in the world is not declining.
D. Conservation efforts have been successful.
B. They overturned our basic assumptions about the world"s environment.
C. They changed their behavior toward the environment.
D. They only told people bad news about the environment.
B. limiting
C. expanding
D. accelerating
B. The effects of global warming are not as bad as first expected.
C. It appears that the bald eagle will now survive.
D. In the last 50 years the number of whales has increased.
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多
余选项。
by the sea. Storms and huge waves are a constant threat and none of Tuvalu"s nine little islands is more
than five meters above sea level, Salt water is already entering the country"s drinking water supply, as
well as damaging plants that produce fruit and vegetable. _1_
_2_. Venice, a historic city in Italy best known for its canals, has sunk about 24 cm over the past 100
years. Experts say that it will have sunk another 20-50cm by 2050. A century ago, St. Mark"s Square,
the lowest point in the city, floodedd about nine times a year, Nowadays, it happens more than 100 times. While Venice is slowly sinking into the mud on which it stands, Tuvalu"s rising sea level is caused by global warming.
The average global temperature has increased by almost 0.5 centigrade degrees over the past century; scientists expect it to rise by extra 1-3 degrees over the next 100 years.
Warmer weather makes glaciers melt, adding more water to the ocean. The warmer temperatures also
make water expand, so it takes up more space, causing the sea level to rise. The sea level has risen about 10－25 cm in the last 100 years.
_3_. Through burning coal, oil and gas, people have been increasing the greenhouse gases in the
atmosphere, such as CO2. This adds to the power of the greenhouse effect, making the planet even
warmer.
Many scientists believe that, if the warming is not stopped, there will be huge climate changes. _4_.
_5 , the sea will swallow up millions of homes and the world will be flooded with "climate refugees"
looking for somewhere to live.
B. Should this come true
C. Without urgent help, the country"s days are numbered.
D. But Tuvalu is not the first place to face sinking into the sea
E. The sea level could rise by one meter this century.
F. people face a lot of pollution.
G. much has been done about our planet .
model is on the rise. Actually, the past decade has seen more and more forests disappearing and the
globe becoming increasingly warm. People now realize that this unhealthy situation must be changed, and
that we must be able to develop in sustainable ways. That means growth with low carbon or development of sustainable products. In other words, we should keep the earth healthy while using its supply of natural
resources.
Today, sustainable development is a proper trend in many countries. According to a recent study, the
global market for low-carbon energy will become three times bigger over the next decade. China, for
example, has set its mind on leading that market, hoping to seize chances in the new round of the global
energy revolution. It is now trying hard to make full use of wind and solar energy, and is spending a huge
amount of money making electric cars and high-speed trains. In addition, we are also seeing great growth
in the global markets for sustainable products such as palm oil, which is produced without cutting down
valuable rainforest. In recent years the markets for sustainable products have grown by more than 50%.
Governments can fully develop the potential of these new markets. First, they can set high targets for
reducing carbon emissions and targets for saving and reusing energy. Besides, stronger arrangement of
public resources like forests can also help to speed up the development. Finally, governments can avoid
the huge expenses that are taking us in the wrong direction, and redirecting some of those expenses can
accelerate the change from traditional model to a sustainable one.
The major challenge of this century is to find ways to meet the needs of growing population within the
limits of this single planet. That is no small task, but it offers abundant new chances for sustainable product
industries.
B. it makes the world warmer
C. it brings severe damage to forests
D. it makes growth hard to continue
B. China is the leader of the low-carbon market.
C. Palm oil is made at the cost of valuable forests.
D. High-speed trains are a low-carbon development.
B. encourage energy conservation
C. develop public resources
D. forbid carbon emission
B.To compare two business models.
C.To predict a change of the global market.
D.To introduce a new business model.
physical or psychological health. What are positive ions? Well, the air is full of ions, electrically charged
particles, and generally there is a rough balance between the positive and the negative charged. But
sometimes this balance becomes disturbed and a larger proportion of positive ions are found. This
happens naturally before thunderstorm, earthquakes when winds are blowing in certain countries. Or it
can be caused by a build-up of static electricity indoors from carpets or clothing, or from TV sets,
duplicators or computer display screens.
When a large number of positive ions are present in the air many people experience unpleasant effects
such as headaches, fatigue , excessive anger, and some particularly sensitive people feel sick or even
suffer mental disturbance. Animals are also affected, particularly before earthquakes, snakes have been
observed to come out, rats to flee from their burrows, dogs howl and cats jump about unaccountably.
This has led the US Geographical Survey to fund a network of volunteers to watch animals in an effort to
foresee such disasters before they hit vulnerable areas such as California.
Conversely, when large numbers of negative ions are present, then people have a feeling of well-being. Natural conditions that produce these large amounts are near the sea, close to waterfalls or fountains, or
in any place where water is sprayed, or forms a spray. This probably accounts for the beneficial effect of
a holiday by the sea, or in the mountains with streams or waterfalls.
To increase the supply of negative ions indoors, some scientists recommend the use of ionisers. They
claim that ionisers not only clean and refresh the air but also improve the health of people sensitive to
excess positive ions. Of course, there are the detractors, other scientists, who dismiss such claims and
are skeptical about negative/positive ion research. Therefore people can only make up their own minds
by observing the effects on themselves, or on others, of a negative rich or poor environment. After all it is
debatable whether depending on seismic readings to anticipate earthquakes is more effective than watching the cat.
B. It"s basically static electricity indoors.
C. It"s a balance between the positive and negative charged.
D. It"s an ill effect on people"s physical and psychological health.
B. They will be sick and tired of life.
C. They may feel rather bad-tempered.
D. They may feel they are out of their mind.
B. by a water spray in a garden.
C. close to a slow-flowing river.
D. near a pound with a water pump.
B. Opposed.
C. Supportive.
D. Ambiguous.
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