题目
题型:不详难度:来源:
The sleep debt is the difference between the amount of sleep you should get and the amount you actually get. It grows every time we skim some extra minutes off our nightly sleep. “People accumulate sleep debts gradually,” says Dr. William Dement, founder of the Stanford University Sleep Clinic. Studies show that such short-term lack of sleep leads to a foggy brain, impaired vision, worsened driving and troubled remembering. Long- term effects include obesity, insulin(胰岛素) resistance, and heart disease.
A 2007 survey by the National Sleep Foundation reports that Americans sleep for 6.9 hours per night, 6.8 hours on average during the week and 7.4 hours on the weekends. Generally, experts recommend eight hours of sleep per night, although some people may require only six hours of sleep while others need ten. That means on average, Americans lose one hour of sleep each night more than two full weeks of sleep every year.
The good news is that the sleep debt can be repaid with some work, though it won’t happen when you sleep longer for once. Adding an extra hour or two hours of sleep a night is the way to catch up. For the long-term sleep shortage, it takes a few months to get back to natural sleeping pattern, says Lawrence J. Epstein, medical director of the Harvard Sleep Health Center.
Go to bed when you are tired, allowing your body to wake you in the morning, with no alarm clock. You may find yourself uncomfortable at the beginning of the recovery cycle. Expect to bank to ten hours shut-eye per night. As the days pass, however, the amount of sleeping time will gradually decrease. For recovery sleep, both the hours of the sleep and the intensity(强度) of the sleep are important. The most refreshing sleep occurs during deep sleep, which is generally considered a restorative (促使健康的) period for the brain. And when you sleep for more hours, you allow your brain to spend more time relaxing.
As you reduce the sleep debt, your body will come to rest at a sleeping pattern that is specifically right for you. Sleep researcher believe that genes determine our individual sleeping patterns. So you can’t train yourself to be a “short sleeper”. A 2005 study in the journal Sleep found that the more tired we get, the less tired we feel.
46. Which of the following is NOT the side effect of sleep debt?
A. Putting on weight. B. Having a bad memory.
C. Having trouble eating food. D. A temporary loss of eyesight.
47. We learn from the 2007 survey that _______.
A. Americans generally don’t have enough sleep
B. Americans sleep too much over the weekends
C. everyone is supposed to sleep for eight hours
D. most people lack two weeks of sleep every year
48. What should we do to make up for the sleep shortage?
A. We should go to sleep when we are free.
B. We should sleep for at least ten hours every day.
C. We should sleep for one or two more hours at night.
D. We should sleep day and night during the holidays.
49. Why is the intensity of the sleep important to us?
A. Our brain is resting when we are sleeping deeply.
B. Deep sleep helps our brain to fully recover.
C. We feel more relaxed when sleeping soundly.
D. Short sleep makes our body more refreshing.
50. The author seems to believe that _________.
A. the more tired we are getting, the more sleep we need
B. the sleeping patterns have nothing to do with our genes
C. it is possible for us to reduce our sleep time by training
D. it is wise for us to adapt to our natural sleeping patterns.
答案
小题1:C
小题2:A
小题3:C
小题4:B
小题5:D
解析
核心考点
试题【 The sleep debt is the difference between the amount of sleep you should get and】;主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
III.完形填空(共20小题:每小题1 5分,满分30分)
请阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项的涂黑。
One day I took my son to the doctor’s for a physical examination and being flu season there were several children there with physical and mental disabilities.Right 36 from us was a man with his son in a wheel chaff.The chair secured the boy who probably couldn’t sit up on his own.They boy 37 very slowly and was severely mentally and physically challenged.But his eyes 38 up when I asked the daddy if I could 39 my son to him.Jeremy had been 40 him and told me he couldn’t talk so I asked the dad if we could 41 him.The dad seemed 42 too so I crossed the room to sit down right by him and asked the boy his 43 .He said,“Ten”I said,“Hi,Tim, this is Jeremy.”Then I asked,“How old are you,Tim?”He said,“Ten.”While I talked with him I rubbed his leg 44 and I could see he was trying to put his 45 out for me to grab it.The conversation was short but 46 .The nurse then called them in and the dad 47 me and we said goodbye.
On the way home,I was able to explain to Jeremy that Tim has 48 just like any kid who wants to 49 .He wants to have friends and experience life and love his family.He doesn’t want to be laughed at or pointed at just 50 he is different.I don’t know if it made a(n) 51 on Jeremy that day,but I feel that it did.We will 52 to speak with whoever comes along our path no matter how 53 they ale from us.Teaching our children not to stare is probably 54 .But teaching them to shale a 55 with people who ale different is truly remarkable !
36.A.opposite B.above C.among D.across
37.A.spoke B.walked C.ate D.looked
38.A.came B.got C.1it D.pulled
39.A.point B.1ead C.takeD.introduce
40.A.running after B.1aughing at C.staring atD.looking after
41.A.meet B.check C.cheer D.help
42.A.interested B.happy C.surprisedD.sorry
43.A.condition B.problem C.age D.name
44.A.joyfully B.heavily C.gently D.eagerly
45.A.hand B.foot C.1eg D.head
46.A.simple B.boring C.sweet D.sad
47.A.rewarded B.thanked C.invited D.moved
48.A.troubles B.words C.ideas D.feelings
49.A.疗tin B.standup C.go through D.set out
50.A.once B.but C.because D.so
51.A.message B.impression C.mark D.expression
52.A.decide B.prefer C.continue D.stop
53.A.ugly B.beautiful C.far D.different
54.A.impossible B.normal C.meaningless D.easy
55.A.viewpoint B.toy C.conversation D.1esson
For many people, there is only one good reason to go to an amusement park: the roller coaster. But why do People go on roller coasters?
"Where else in the world can you scream at the top of your lungs and throw your arms in the air?" Frank Farley asks. "If you did that in most other places, they"d take you to your parents and probably put you through a psychological evaluation (心理检查)." Farley is a psychologist at Temple University in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Roller coasters are often attractive to kids whose lives are stressful or controlled. "Roller coasters are a way of breaking out of the humdrum (单调 ) of everyday life. You can let it all go and scream and shout or do whatever you want," Farley says. It has been proved that many adults feel the same way.
Compared with skateboarding, extreme mountain biking, and other adventure sports, riding roller coasters is safe. Parents usually don"t mind when kids go on coasters. Roller coasters also have a way of bringing people together. Riders share the thrill and adventure of surviving what feels like an extreme experience.
Whether you like to ride a roller coaster may depend on your personality. Psychologists say that there is a certain type of person that naturally seeks out extreme experiences. "They enjoy things like change, variety, and intensity (强度)," says Farley. "These people are actually attracted to thrills." He describes such people as having Type-T personalities ("T" stands for thrill).
He also believes that these thrill seekers are more adventurous and creative than other people. Albert Einstein was a Type T. "If nobody liked to seek stimulation (刺激)," he argues, "the human race wouldn"t be where it is today."
1. What is the passage mainly about?
![](http://img.shitiku.com.cn/uploads/allimg/20191221/20191221033358-22213.gif)
A. The disadvantages of roller coasters.
B. The characteristics of roller coasters.
C. Why many people enjoy roller coasters.
D. How people act when riding roller coasters.
2. According to Farley, what will most people feel after riding a roller coaster?
A. Scared. B. Confident. C. Nervous. D. Relaxed.
3. If a person is a Type T, he seems to .
![](http://img.shitiku.com.cn/uploads/allimg/20191221/20191221033400-46239.gif)
![](http://img.shitiku.com.cn/uploads/allimg/20191221/20191221033400-13062.gif)
![](http://img.shitiku.com.cn/uploads/allimg/20191221/20191221033400-13062.gif)
A. enjoy adventure sports
B. dislike riding roller coasters
C. like popular sports
D. work well with others
4. According to Farley, to our society, people with Type-T personalities are __
A. dangerous B. important C. useless D. harmful
Doctors have known for a long time that extremely loud noises can cause hearing damage or loss.The noise can be the sound of a jet airplane or machines in factories of loud music or other common sound at home and at work.A person only needs to hear the noise for little more than one second to be affected.
An American scientist has found that using aspirin (阿斯匹林) increase the temporary (暂时的)hearing loss or damage from loud noise.He did an experiment using a number of students at a university who all had normal hearing.He gave them different amounts of aspirin for different periods of time, then he tested their hearing ability.He found that students who were given four grams of aspirin a day for two days suffered much greater temporary hearing loss than those who did not use aspirin.The hearing loss was about two times as great.
The scientist said millions of persons in the U.S.use much larger amounts of aspirin than were used in his experiment.He said these persons face a serious danger of suffering hearing loss from loud noise.
1.Doctors have long known that__________.
A.one may lose his hearing when he hears a terribly loud noise.
B.one may become deaf when he hears a loud noise.
C.loud noises can cause damage to the hearing of the young people only
D.common sounds at home are not harmful to the ear
2.This passage suggests that one’s hearing________.
A.will be damaged even if he has heard a loud noise for only little more than one second
B.will be damaged even if he has heard a loud noise less than one second
C.will not be damaged if he has heard a loud noise for only little more than one second
D.will not be damaged if he has little more than one second to get ready
3.One conclusion you can draw from the passage is that aspirin________.
A.makes hearing damage from loud noise worse
B.should never be taken more than four grams
C.can damage one’s hearing when it is given more than four grams daily
D.always increases hearing loss by two times
4.Millions of Americans are in danger of suffering hearing loss because they__________.
A.take too much aspirin
B.often take air trips
C.like listening to loud music
D.have too much loud noises at home and at work
5.The American scientist did his experiment in order to find ________.
A.how much aspirin would affect a person’s hearing
B.how much aspirin should be given in the treatment of the patients with hearing damage from loud noise
C.whether aspirin would increase the temporary hearing damage from loud noises
D.whether the people who had hearing damage should use aspirin
III、完型填空(共30分,每小题1.5分)
阅读短文,根据内容,从第36-55小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选择最佳选项。
Sam backed his car out of the garage and drove two blocks to the highway. It 36 from the suburbs into Central City. Immediately he joined the steam of early-morning 37 that was flowing towards town. As he drove, he 38 Leon Poole. Poole was an odd man, clever in some ways, very stupid in 39. Poole had been a respectable 40 in a town near Central City. He had arranged with another man to 41 the bank at a time when an unusually large amount of cash was being held there. The other man had walked into the bank, waved a 42 at Poole, who was on duty, and taken the 43 . Only three men had known when the money would be there, so it was 44 that someone inside the bank must have 45 the robbery. Sam, the detective in 46 of the case, questioned Poole and the others, and released them, but had them all 47 closely. Two days later Poole, thinking he was 48 under suspicion(怀疑), arranged a meeting with the actual robber, who was a known criminal. The 49 arrested the robber and got a confession(坦白) from him. He 50 Poole as the man who had planned the whole thing.
The three officers who went to 51 the fat, soft, bank clerk didn’t expect trouble. 52 Leon Poole turned out to have a gun, and 53 it when they knocked at his door. His 54 hit one of the officers in the arm. 55 they had gone in after him, shooting.
36.A. led B. escaped C. jumped D. suffered
37.A. airline B. traffic C. exercise D. train
38.A. dealt with B. talked with C. thought of D. met with
39.A. rest B. mind C. action D. others
40.A. salesman B. shop assistant C. bank clerk D. sales manager
41.A. defend B. protect C. rob D. damaged
42.A. pole B. finger C. stick D. gun
43.A. money B. interest C. counter D. car
44.A. doubtful B.obvious C. uncertain D. important
45.A. planned B. prevented C. hidden D. blamed
46.A. place B. possession C. charge D. search
47.A. followed B. watched C. stood D. communicated
48.A. no longer B. on earth C. once again D. all the time
49.A. clerk B. army C. police D. firefighter
50.A. owned B. named C. directed D. grasped
51.A. visit B. frighten C. invite D. arrest
52.A. Since B. Meanwhile C. But D. Although
53.A. threw B. fired C. stole D. hid
54.A. sound B. strength C. anger D. bullet
55.A. Basically B. Naturally C. Namely D. Comfortably
IV、阅读理解(共20小题;每小题2分,共40分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中选出最佳选项。
Perhaps you do not know it, but there is something wonderful at your fingertips. You can make people happier, healthier and more hard-working just by touching their arms or holding their hands.
Doctors say that body contact(接触) is a kind of medicine that can work wonders. When people are touched, the quantity of hemoglobin (血红蛋白) — a type of matter that produces the red color in blood increases greatly. This results in more oxygen (氧气) reaching every part of the body and the whole body benefits. In experiments, bottle-fed baby monkeys were separated from their mothers for the first ten days of life. They became sad and negative. Studies showed the baby monkeys were more probable to become ill than other babies that were allowed to stay with their mothers.
Human babies react (反应) in much the same way. Some years ago, a scientist noticed that some well-fed babies in a clean nursery (托儿所) became weak. Yet babies in another nursery were growing healthily, even though they ate less well and were not kept as clean. The reason, he concluded, was that they often had touches from nurses.
Experiments show that most people like being touched. And nearly all doctors believe touch helps to reduce patients" fear of treatment. Of course there is time when a touch is not welcome. But even if we don’t like being touched, a smile can make us feel better. Smiling increases blood flow and starts the production of “happy brain” chemicals.
So let’s have a big smile and don’t forget to keep in touch.
1. Which of the following is NOT true?
A. People may not understand the importance of touching.
B. People may work harder because of body contact.
C. Your fingertips can do something wonderful.
D. Everyone knows that body contact can make people happier.
2. According to the passage, ______.
A. not all the people like being touched
B. touches from doctors and nurses have nothing to do with treatment
C. new-born baby monkeys should stay away from their mothers
D. human brains need oxygen and blood supply now and then
3. The word “benefits” in the second paragraph probably means ______.
A. to be useful or helpful B. to get something useful or helpful C. to be ill D. to be hurt
4. The best title for the passage might be ______.
A. Why People Touch B. Smile and Touch C. Wonders of Touch D. Touch or Not
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