题目
题型：不详难度：来源：
It had long been well known among farmers that people who worked with cows seldom caught smallpox; instead, they often caught a similar but much milder disease called cowpox (牛痘) . A British doctor called Jenner was extremely interested in this, and so he studied cowpox. He believed that, by vaccinating (给接种疫苗) people with the disease, he could protect them against the much worse disease smallpox. In 1796, he vaccinated a boy with cowpox and, two months later, with smallpox. The boy did not get smallpox. In the next two years, Jenner vaccinated several children in the same way, and none of them got the disease．
News of the success of Jenner’s work soon spread. Vaccination soon became a common method to protect people against other diseases caused by virus, such as rabies (狂犬病), and vaccines were sent across the world to the United States and India.
It took nearly two centuries to achieve Jenner’s dream of getting free of smallpox from the whole world. In 1967, the world Health Organization (WHO) started a great vaccination program, and the last known case of smallpox was recorded in Somalia in 1977. The story of vaccinations does not end there, however. There are many other diseases that kill more and more people every year. Besides, many new diseases are being discovered. The challenge for medical researchers will, therefore, probably continue for several more centuries
小题1:Smallpox was so serious that _________________ by the end of l8th century
| A．its death rate was up to ten percent |
| B．those who caught it were certain to die |
| C．one in ten people in the world died of smallpox |
| D．one in ten deaths in the world was caused by smallpox |
| A．make smallpox much milder |
| B．stop people from getting smallpox |
| C．protect people against any disease |
| D．prevent people’s scars after smallpox |
| A．The first experiment with cowpox was made by a British doctor. |
| B．After 1977 smallpox disappeared around the world according to WHO. |
| C．Vaccination had existed among ordinary farmers before being discovered. |
| D．Vaccination can be used to protect people in the world against not only smallpox. |
| A．vaccinations bring many new problems |
| B．vaccinations end the spread of diseases |
| C．there is a long way to go to fight against diseases |
| D．there is a long way to go to discover new diseases |
答案
小题1:D
小题2:B
小题3:C
小题4:C
解析
小题1:细节题。根据第一段第三行smallpox was responsible for about one in ten deaths around the world.
小题2:推理题。根据第二段最后三行he vaccinated a boy with cowpox and, two months later, with smallpox. The boy did not get smallpox. In the next two years, Jenner vaccinated several children in the same way, and none of them got the disease．可知vaccination with cowpox可以预防水痘。
小题3:推理题。疫苗是在被发明出来以后才为人所知的，并不是在发明之前在普通的农民中就存在的。
小题4:推理题。根据最后一句The challenge for medical researchers will, therefore, probably continue for several more centuries。可知与疾病做斗争还有很长的路要走的。
核心考点
试题【For well over a thousand years, smallpox was a disease that everyone feared. The】；主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
These days, people are concerned about the growing number of kids who are overweight. The number of overweight kids has increased a lot over the last 30 years. Today, more than 15% of the kids aged 6 to 19 are overweight.
In a recent study in the USA, 1,168 boys and girls were asked about the problem. More than half of them said too many girls were overweight.
What does “Overweight” Mean?
Most people who are overweight have too much body fat. The person who is overweight weighs more than is healthy. Being overweight can lead to health problems, like heart disease. Overweight kids also may feel sad about the way they look. Sometimes they get laughed at by other kids and it is harder for overweight kids to make friends.
Why Are Some Kids Overweight?
When asked why some kids were overweight, many kids said it was because overweight kids didn’t exercise enough or eat right. Others said that kids were overweight because fast food restaurants serve the wrong foods or it’s a problem of genes.
How Are the Kids Trying to Lose Weight?
Plenty of kids said they have tried to lose weight and they have been trying to do the following:
● go on a diet – 17%
● eat healthy and exercise – 64%
● eat out less – 4%
● take medicine – 5%
It’s great that kids are thinking about weight problems and are trying to solve them. It’s like putting together a difficult puzzle. Understanding that there’s a problem is one piece. Understanding what causes kids to be overweight is another. And knowing that eating healthy and exercising are the best ways to fix the problem is a very important piece.
小题1:How do overweight kids feel about the way they look?
___________________________________________________________________
小题2:Some kids have tried to lose weight. What have 64% of them been trying to do?
___________________________________________________________________
小题3:What is the passage mainly about?
___________________________________________________________________
Those who choose to be creators look at life quite differently. They know there are individuals who might like to control their lives, but they don’t let this get in the way. They know they have their weaknesses, yet they don’t blame themselves when they fail. Whatever happens, they have choice in the matter. They believe their dance with each sacred(神圣的)moment of life is a gift and that storms are a natural part of life which can bring the rain needed for emotional and spiritual growth.
Victims and creators live in the same physical world and deal with many of the same physical realities, yet their experience of life is worlds apart. Victims relish (沉溺)in anger, guilt, and other emotions that cause others---and even themselves---to feel like victims, too. Creators consciously choose love, inspiration, and other qualities which inspire not only themselves, but all around them. Both victims and creators always have choice to determine the direction of their lives.
In reality, all of us play the victim or the creator at various points in our lives. One person, on losing a job or a special relationship, may feel as if it is the end of the world and sink into terrible suffering for months, years, or even a lifetime. Another with the same experience may choose to first experience the grief, then accept the loss and soon move on to be a powerful creative force in his life.
In every moment and every circumstance, you can choose to have fuller, richer life by setting a clear intention to transform the victim within, and by inviting into your life the powerful creator that you are.
小题1:What does the word “they” in Paragraph 1 probably refer to?
| A．People and things around you. | B．Opportunities and problems. |
| C．Creators and their choices. | D．Victims and their sufferings. |
| A．seem willing to experience failures in life |
| B．possess the ability to predict future life |
| C．handle ups and downs of life wisely |
| D．have potential to create something new |
| A．Creators and victims face quite different things in life. |
| B．Creators and victims are masters of their lives. |
| C．Victims can influence more people than creators. |
| D．Compared with victims, creators are more emotional. |
| A．strong attachment to sufferings in life pulls people into victims. |
| B．people need family support to deal with challengers in life. |
| C．it takes creators quite a long time to get rid of their pains. |
| D．one’s experiences determine his attitude toward life. |
| A．To define victims and creators. |
| B．To evaluate victims against creators. |
| C．To explain the relationship between victims and creators. |
| D．To suggest the transformation from victims to creators. |
You feel generally depressed and unable to concentrate. Your pattern of daily activity may change：you find yourself awake and active in the middle of the night；you sleep late into the day. You stay in your room and have little contact with people except with those who speak your language. In your mind，you criticize the people around you；You are constantly comparing between life here and the perfect life back home. Above a11, you are homesick almost all the time.
If you ever find yourself behaving in these ways，you are probably suffering from culture shock. Culture shock is a psychological condition that sometimes has physical effects. It affects people who have moved away from an environment where they know how to live into a new environment where much is unfamiliar to them-the food，the weather, the language，and especially the unwritten rules for social behavior.
Culture shock is caused. therefore，by a lack of familiarity with the system of rules that the new society uses for everyday living. Language is an obvious example of one type of these rules. If your language is limited，even the simplest task can suddenly become difficult for you. However, knowledge of the language doesn’t make you free from the effects of culture shock as many Britons in the United States and many Americans in Britain will experience. Most people are unaware that each culture has its own rules for social behavior；they certainly think that polite， civilized people behave the same way worldwide. This mistaken belief will cause you to behave and judge the behavior of others according to the rules you learned as a member of your own culture. If the rules are different, then people will misunderstand your behavior, and you will misunderstand theirs.
How can you deal with culture shock? First, you need to realize that every newcomer suffers from some culture shock. You’re not the only case. Second，remember that culture shock can be cured. The process of recovery will start as you begin to become used to the new culture. Of course learning the language will help remove the obstacles to communication and will ease the job of making Mends with people. Recognizing and learning the new cultural rules of behavior, however, may be just as important. You’ll still have emotional reactions to unfamiliar situations but you’11 find yourself making jokes about them rather than condemning the entire society as “stupid.” The jokes are a good sign：they show that you are recovering.
小题1:What’s the main idea of the first paragraph?
| A．the causes of culture shock |
| B．some signs of culture shock |
| C．the cure for culture shock |
| D．an explanation of culture shock |
| A．things that make a task easy |
| B．things that make at ask enjoyable |
| C．things that make a task difficult |
| D．things that make at ask funny |
| A．You are about to recover from culture shock. |
| B．You have completely got rid of culture shock. |
| C．You never suffered from culture shock before. |
| D．You’re in culture shock for many years. |
| A．The passage suggests that culture shock makes you miss your family badly. |
| B．A good knowledge of the language will prevent you suffering from culture shock. |
| C．In the writer’s opinion，the social rules for polite，civilized behavior are international. |
| D．If you have a perfect knowledge of their language, you will never be misunderstood. |
Previous studies have linked high exposure (暴露）to environmental pollution to an increased risk of heart problem, but two analyses now show that poor air quality can lead to heart attack or stroke (中风）within as little as a few hours after exposure. In one review of the research, scientists found that people exposed to high levels of pollutants (污染物）were up to 5% more likely to suffer a heart attack within days of exposure than those with lower exposure. A separate study of stroke patients showed that even air that the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) considers to be of “moderate” (良好）quality and relatively safe for our health can raise the risk of stroke as much as 34% within 12 to 14 hours of exposure.
The authors of both studies stress that these risks are relatively small for healthy people and certainly modest compared with other risk factors such as smoking and high blood pressure. However, it is important to be aware of these dangers because everyone is exposed to air pollution regardless of lifestyle choices. So stricter regulation by the EPA of pollutants may not only improve environmental air quality but could also become necessary to protect public health.
小题1:The text mainly discusses the relationship between .
| A．heart problems and air quality |
| B．heart problems and exercising |
| C．heart problems and smoking |
| D．heart problems and fatty food |
| A．relatively high | B．extremely low |
| C．relatively low | D．extremely high |
| A．Eating fatty food has immediate effects on your heart. |
| B．The EPA conducted many studies on air quality. |
| C．Moderate air quality is more harmful than smoking, |
| D．Stricter regulations on pollutants should be made. |
| A．inform | B．persuade | C．describe | D．entertain |
Green tea contains antioxidant chemicals that may help ward off the cell damage that can lead to disease．Researchers have been studying green tea"s effect on everything from cholesterol(胆固醇)to the risk of certain cancers，with mixed results so far．
For the new Japanese study，researchers decided to examine the question of whether green tea drinkers have a lower risk of frailty and disability as they grow older．
Tomata and his colleagues followed nearly 14，000 adults aged 65 or older for three years．
They found those who drank the most green tea were the least likely to develop “functional disability”，or problems with daily activities or basic needs，such as dressing or bathing．
Specifically，almost 13 percent of adults who drank less than a cup of green tea per day became functionally disabled，compared with just over 7 percent of people who drank at least five cups fl day．
The study did not prove that green tea alone kept people active as they grew older．
Green-tea lovers generally had healthier diets，including more fish，vegetables and fruit，as well as more education．lower smoking rates，fewer heart attacks and strokes，and greater mental sharpness．
They also tended to be more socially active and have more friends and family to rely on．
Although it"s not clear how green tea might offer a buffer(缓冲剂)against disability，Tomata"s team did note that one recent study found green tea extracts(提炼物)seem to increase leg muscle strength in older women．
While green tea and its extracts are considered safe in small amounts，they do contain caffeine and small amounts of vitamin K，which means it could block drugs that prevent blood thickened．
小题1:Which of the following can summarize the passage best?
| A．Green tea makes you less active． |
| B．Green tea makes you less disabled． |
| C．Green tea makes you more friendly． |
| D．Green tea makes you more educated． |
| A．form | B．absorb | C．remove | D．prevent |
| A．prove whether the Japanese study is correct |
| B．know if green tea drinkers are independent |
| C．help nearly 14，000 adults aged 65 or older |
| D．study green tea"s effect on cholesterol |
| A．Reduce functional disability． |
| B．Keep old people active． |
| C．Make more friends． |
| D．Suffer fewer heart attacks． |
| A．green tea is safe to drink |
| B．green tea should be drunk properly |
| C．green tea is poisonous for old people |
| D．vitamin K is helpful to us |
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