Online shoppers would rather receive an offer for a product or service than make their own offer 3 according to a study led by a Michigan State University scholar that has implications for the fast-growing e-commerce industry. The findings may come as a surprise given that shopping online is an anonymous(匿名的）process that seemingly can give consumers more confidence to drive a hard bargain,said Don Conlon ，Professor of Management in MSU’s Broad College of Business.
But the study found that participants who made their own offers were less successful in sealing the deal and ，when they were successful? worried they overpaid Many shoppers found the process of researching an offer to be a hassle. “ Americans are very busy，and it’s less time-consuming to be the one receiving the offer rather than the one proposing the offer ” Conlon said. u People tend to be happier when they’re in the receiver role. ”
Online spending in the United States is expected to jump 45 percent in the next four years， from $ 226 billion this year to $ 327 billion in 2017，according to Forrester Research Inc. Nevertheless, researches into this prosperous market remain largely focused on the strategies of companies, rather than those o£ shoppers. Conlon’s study is ，obviously, a rare exception.
Conlon got the idea for the study after considering the difference between two popular sites for hotels and airline flights, priceline.com, which takes bids, and hotwire.com ，which provides offers. Using these two models ，Conlon and his fellow researchers conducted a series of experiments with more than 850 people who were charged with booking a fictional hotel room and acquiring a fictional antique car. Not only did participants prefer to receive bids, Conlon said ，but they also secured more deals in that receiver role. Further ，when they had to make the bids ，they were left more mentally taxed and regretful.
From an industry perspective，putting customers in the receiver role may help fill more hotel rooms and airplane seats. “If you’re a business with a lot of products3 ” Conlon said，“you may want to be the one making the offers. ” However, when selling single items, such as an antique car， accepting bids may be a better option since that typically drives up the price, he said.
小题1:What can we learn from Para. 1?| A．The result of the study gives customers more confidence. | | B．Scholars aren’t surprised at the findings of the study. | | C．Online shoppers don’t bargain as much as expected. | | D．E-commerce industry drives more hard bargains. |
小题2:It can be concluded from Conlon’s experiments that______.| A．online shopping is time-consuming | | B．given prices help promote online sales | | C．online businesses provide a lot of products | | D．receiving offers makes online shoppers regretful |
小题3:The underlined word “taxed” in Para. 4 probably means______.| A．burdened | B．numbed | C．relieved | D．challenged |
小题4:The passage is mainly about______.| A．the big advantages of online shopping | | B．the rapid development of online shopping | | C．online shoppers’ preference for taking offers | | D．online companies strategies to improve service |
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小题1:C
小题2:B
小题3:A
小题4:C |
试题分析：这篇文章讲的是网络购物者更喜欢接受价格。但研究人员指出：顾客给出价格可以帮助促进网络销售。
小题1:细节题：从第一段的句子：Online shoppers would rather receive an offer for a product or service than make their own offer 3可知网上购物的人并不像预料的那样讨价还价。选C
小题2:推理题：从文章最后一段的句子：when selling single items, such as an antique car， accepting bids may be a better option since that typically drives up the price, he said.
可知顾客给出价格可以帮助促进网络销售。选B
小题3:猜词题：从并列的形容词：regretful可知这个单词是有负担的，选A
小题4:主旨题：从第一段的句子：Online shoppers would rather receive an offer for a product or service than make their own offer 3 可知这篇文章讲的是网络购物者更喜欢接受价格。选C
点评：这篇文章讲的是网络购物者更喜欢接受价格。但研究人员指出：顾客给出价格可以帮助促进网络销售。要求考生在仔细审题和研读选项的基础之上，到文章中寻找对应的语群，合理推断，做出选择。 |
核心考点
试题【Online shoppers would rather receive an offer for a product or service than make】；主要考察你对
题材分类等知识点的理解。
[详细]举一反三
What is your body language saying to your children? What is their body language telling you? I had the honor of hearing Jan Hargrave speak the other day. She is one of four body language experts in the US. Jan Hargrave says we lie with the right side of our brains, so it is our left hand that gives us away. A person touching his nose, pulling at his ear or rubbing his eye with his left hand might be lying to you. Also, a person who, in any way, crosses any fingers might just be lying. That, she says, is a holdover(遗留物) from childhood, when we crossed our fingers to signal that we didn’t mean what we were saying. When children squint(眨) their eyes, move their body away from you, or can’t seem to make good eye contact, you may need to ask for a little more clarification.
But just as important, children learn early how to read our body language when they are conversing(交谈) with us. Here are some acceptance signals to let them know you are interested when they are talking to you. Lean(倾斜) towards them. Make good eye contact and smile. Open your arms. Let your hands relax with the palms(手掌) showing: an open, upward palm always show acceptance. If your legs are crossed, make sure you are not crossing them away from your child. These are important because they signal to your child that you are focused on them and are accepting and welcoming them into your world.
By paying attention, we can open those lines of important communication with our children and we can see the truth more clearly. I think it would be a mistake to use these tools to lie, but we need to be aware of the signals we are giving so we can show people that they really do matter to us.
小题1:According to Jan Hargrave, we can tell whether a person is lying by _______. | A．observing his/her left hand’s movements. | | B．looking at how he/ she crosses his/ her fingers | | C．observing whether he/ she uses body language | | D．making good eye contact with him/ her |
小题2:We can learn from the passage that body language _______. | A．is hard to master for children | | B．can be understood in different ways | | C．may help improve communication | | D．is more likely to hide the truth |
小题3:Which of the following does NOT show acceptance to people? | A．Smile while making eye contact. | | B．Open your arms to them. | | C．Relax your hands with the palms showing. | | D．Cross your leg away from them. |
小题4:In the last paragraph, the author seems to suggest that parents_______. | A．spend more time with their children | | B．learn to read and use body language | | C．pay attention to family communication | | D．try to prevent their children from lying |
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One day, an expert in time management was speaking to a group of business students. To make the point 1, he used an illustration.
As he stood in front of the group, he said, “Okay, time for a quiz.” He then pulled out a wide-mouth jar and set it on the table. Then he 2 placed about a dozen fist-sized rocks, one by one, into the jar.
When the jar was filled to the 3 and no more rocks would fit inside, he asked, “Is this jar 4?” Everyone in the class said, “Yes.”
“Really?” Then he 5 under the table and pulled out a bucket of gravel(石子), dumped some in and 6 the jar, causing pieces of gravel to work themselves down into the spaces 7 the big rocks. Then he asked the group the same question. “Probably not,” one of them answered. “Good!” He replied.
He reached under the table and 8 a bucket of sand. He started dumping the sand in the jar and it went into all the 9 left between the rocks and the gravel. 10 he asked the question. “No!” the class shouted. “Good!” Then he grabbed a can of water and began to pour it in 11 the jar was filled to the brim.
Then the expert in time management looked at the class and asked, “What is the 12 of this illustration?” It is such a seemingly easy question that one 13 student raised his hand and said, “It is, however full your schedule is, if you try really hard you can always 14 some more things in it.
“No,” the speaker replied. “The truth it teaches us is that you will 15 get them in at all if you don"t put the big rocks in first. 16 the big rocks in your life are, do things that you love and 17 for yourself. In your schedule if you value the little stuff then you’ll fill your life with 18 things and you will never have the real quality time you need to spend on the big, important stuff. So, tonight, or in the morning, when you are 19 on this short story, ask yourself what the ‘big rocks’ in your life are. Then put those in your 20 first. ”
| 小题1: | | A．harder | B．rougher | C．clearer | D．wiser |
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| 小题2: | | A．carefully | B．firmly | C．actively | D．unwillingly |
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小题3:A edge B. bottom C. wall D. top
| 小题4: | | A．full | B．pure | C．enough | D．smooth |
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| 小题5: | | A．sent | B．reached | C．managed | D．felt |
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| 小题6: | | A．delivered | B．shook | C．dropped | D．held |
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| 小题7: | | A．beneath | B．across | C．beyond | D．between |
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| 小题8: | | A．threw out | B．came out | C．brought out | D．set out |
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| 小题9: | | A．spaces | B．caves | C．blanks | D．holes |
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| 小题10: | | A．At last | B．shortly after | C．Later on | D．Once more |
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| 小题11: | | A．unless | B．until | C．before | D．while |
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| 小题12: | | A．result | B．opinion | C．point | D．comment |
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| 小题13: | | A．calm | B．awkward | C．nervous | D．eager |
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| 小题14: | | A．add | B．fit | C．include | D．collect |
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| 小题15: | | A．never | B．even | C．still | D．ever |
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| 小题16: | | A．Whether | B．However | C．Whatever | D．Which |
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| 小题17: | | A．conclude | B．encourage | C．achieve | D．value |
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| 小题18: | | A．more | B．little | C．much | D．less |
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| 小题19: | | A．reflecting | B．counting | C．deciding | D．insisting |
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| 小题20: | | A．packet | B．can | C．jar | D．luggage |
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Things of Value
Our area was just a few miles from the largest wildfire in Colorado’s history. We were on “evacuation alert (疏散警报)”. If we got the 1 to evacuate, we would have to leave immediately.
We 2 suitcases with some clothes and set them by the door. We didn’t 3 these things were valuable, but time was. We moved the computers, with which I wrote for newspapers and made a 4 . We took family pictures off the 5 and packed them in boxes. These were truly valuable and could not be replaced.
Then we took a hard look at all that 6 . There was a lamp that belonged to my great grandmother. It was a 7 to my family. And there was the piano my wife 8 to play when she was a little girl. Not of great 9 in itself, but another family connection. It was impractical to move everything from our home and store them for an indefinite (无限的) time. Some important items would have to stay behind.
The thought of 10 something passed down from our families saddened me deeply, 11 I’d never been much attached to things. It’s about what they 12 —family and love. They each had a(n) 13 to tell, and some of them spoke in the 14 of our parents and grandparents.
The fire 15 reached our home. We were lucky. And though I felt grateful that all was 16 , I also realized just how fortunate I had been 17 . I saw just how rich my life had been.
Someone 18 said, “There are people so poor that the only thing they have is money.” And now I 19 I was indeed rich. I was rich in family, rich in memories, rich in everything that really 20 to me. I am wealthier than I ever believed possible.
It took a fire to teach me, I wonder if there is any other kind of wealth worth seeking.
| 小题1: | | A．answer | B．task | C．chance | D．call |
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| 小题2: | | A．packed | B．bought | C．searched | D．sold |
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| 小题3: | | A．worry | B．think | C．care | D．doubt |
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| 小题4: | | A．mark | B．sign | C．living | D．plan |
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| 小题5: | | A．albums | B．ceilings | C．windows | D．walls |
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| 小题6: | | A．left | B．remained | C．burnt | D．unmoved |
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| 小题7: | | A．connection | B．present | C．symbol | D．treasure |
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| 小题8: | | A．forgot | B．agreed | C．learned | D．refused |
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| 小题9: | | A．quality | B．taste | C．sense | D．value |
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| 小题10: | | A．knocking out | B．leaving behind | C．giving away | D．picking out |
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| 小题11: | | A．even though | B．unless | C．but | D．or |
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| 小题12: | | A．contained | B．included | C．represented | D．gathered |
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| 小题13: | | A．idea | B．lie | C．right | D．story |
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| 小题14: | | A．sounds | B．speeds | C．voices | D．feelings |
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| 小题15: | | A．once | B．never | C．seldom | D．finally |
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| 小题16: | | A．spared | B．returned | C．stopped | D．found |
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| 小题17: | | A．at last | B．in return | C．in another way | D．at most |
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| 小题18: | | A．curiously | B．accidentally | C．coldly | D．wisely |
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| 小题19: | | A．knew | B．promised | C．announced | D．thanked |
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| 小题20: | | A．affects | B．matters | C．helps | D．desires |
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Bertie knew there was something in the wind. His mother had been sad in recent days, not sick，just strangely sad. The lion had just lain down beside him，his head warm on Bertie’s feet，when Father cleared his throat and began, “You’ll soon be eight, Bertie. A boy needs a proper education. We’ve found the right place for you, a school near Salisbury in England. ”
His heart filled with a terrible fear, all Bertie could think of was his white lion. “But the lion,” he cried, “What about the lion?”
“I’m afraid there’s something else I have to tell you, ” his father said. Looking across at Bertie’s mother, he took a deep breath. Then he told Bertie he had met a circus owner from France, who was over in Africa looking for lions to buy. He would come to their farm in a few days.
“No! You can’t send him to a circus!” said Bertie. “People will come to see him. He’ll be shut up behind bars. I promised him he never would be. And they will laugh at him. He’d rather die. Any animal would! ” But as he looked across the table at them, he knew their minds were quite made up.
Bertie felt completely betrayed (出卖). He waited until he heard his father’s deep breathing next door. With his white lion at his heels，he crept (蹑手蹑脚地移动) downstairs，took down his father’s rifle (步枪) and stepped out into the night. He ran and ran till his legs could run no more. As the sun came up over the grassland, he climbed to the top of a hill and sat down, his arms round the lion’s neck. The time had come.
“Be wild now”，he whispered. “You’ve got to be wild. Don’t ever come home. All my life I’ll think of you. I promise I will. ” He buried his head in the lion’s neck. Then, Bertie climbed down the hill and walked away.
When he looked back, the lion was still sitting there watching him; but then he stood up, yawned, stretched, and sprang down after him. Bertie shouted at him, but he kept coming. He threw sticks. He threw stones. Nothing worked.
There was only one thing left to do. With tears filling his eyes and his mouth，he lifted the rifle to his shoulder and fired over the lion’s head.
小题1:Bertie’s mother was sad probably because she _____.| A．had been seriously ill recently | | B．had decided to send Bertie to school | | C．knew Bertie would hate to go to England | | D．knew selling the lion would upset Bertie |
小题2:The underlined word “they” in Para. 4 probably refers to _____.| A．other animals | B．some audience | C．Bertie’s parents | D．circus owners |
小题3:In the last paragraph, the boy lifted the rifle to _____.| A．threaten the lion back to the wild | B．kill the lion out of fear | | C．protect himself from the lion | D．show his anger towards his father |
小题4:The passage intends to show that _____.| A．animal-hunting is popular in Africa | | B．parents are sometimes cruel to their children | | C．people and animals can be faithful to each other | | D．animals usually lead a miserable life in circuses |
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B
I’ve loved my mother’s desk since I was just tall enough to sit above the top of it. Mother sat writing letters. Standing by her chair, looking at the ink bottle, pens, and white paper, I decided that the act of writing must be a most wonderful thing in the world.
Years later, during her final illness, Mother kept different things for my sister and brother. “But the desk,” she said again, “is for Elizabeth.”
I never saw her angry, never saw her cry. I knew she loved me; she showed in action. But as a young girl. I wanted to have heart-to-heart talks between mother and daughter.
They never happened. And a gulf opened between us. I was “too emotional (易动感情的)”. But she lived “on the surface (表面)”.
As years passed and I had my own family. I loved my mother and thanked her for our happy family. I wrote to her in careful words and asked her to let me know in any way she chose that she did forgive me.
My hope turned to disappointment, then little interest and, finally, peace – it seemed that nothing happened. I couldn’t be sure that the letter had even got to Mother. I only knew that I had written it, and I could stop trying to make her into someone she was not.
But the present of her desk told me, as she’d never been able to, that she was pleased that writing was my chosen work. I cleaned the desk carefully and found some papers inside – a photo of my father and a one-paper letter, folded and refolded many times. It was my letter.
“In any way you choose, Mother, you always chose the act that speaks louder than words.”
小题1:The writer began to love her mother’s desk________.| A．after Mother died | B．after she wrote the letter | | C．when she was a child | D．when Mother gave it to her |
小题2:The passage shows that_________.| A．Mother was cold on the surface but kind in her heart to her daughter | | B．Mother was too serious about her daughter in words | | C．Mother wrote to her daughter in careful words | | D．Mother wrote to her daughter in careless words |
小题3:Which of the following is NOT true?| A．The author may work as a writer | | B．The author and her mother love each other, but didn’t say it out | | C．Neither the author nor her mother had a happy family. | | D．The author’s mother is a person who prefers act to words. |
小题4:What did Mother do with her daughter’s letter asking for forgiveness?| A．She had never received the letter. | | B．For years, she often talked about the letter. | | C．She didn’t forgive her daughter at all in all her life. | | D．She read the letter again and again till she died. |
小题5:What’s best title of the passage?| A．My letter to Mother | B．Mother and children | | C．My Mother’s Desk | D．Talks between Mother and me |
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