题目
题型：不详难度：来源：
All human beings possess a body clock. Along with other alerting (警报) systems, this governs the sleep/wake cycle and is therefore one of the main processes which govern sleep behaviour. Typically, the preferred sleep/wake cycle is delayed in adolescents, which leads to many students not feeling sleepy until much later in the evenings. This typical sleep pattern is usually referred to as the "night owl" schedule of sleep.
This is opposed to the "early bird" schedule, and is a kind of disorder where the individual tends to stay up much past midnight. Such a person has great difficulty in waking up in the mornings. Research suggests that night owls feel most alert and function best in the evenings and at night. Research findings have shown that about 20 percent of people can be classified as "night owls" and only 10 percent can be classified as "early birds" - the other 70 percent are in the middle. Although this is clearly not true for all students, for the ones who are true night owls this gives them an excellent excuse for missing their lectures which unfortunately fall before midday.
小题1:What docs the author stress in Paragraph I?
| A．Many students are absent from class. |
| B．Students are very tired on Monday mornings. |
| C．Students do not adjust their sleep patterns well. |
| D．Students are not well prepared for class on Mondays. |
| A．Most students prefer to get up late in the morning. |
| B．Students don"t sleep well because of alerting systems. |
| C．One"s body clock governs the sleep/wake cycle independently. |
| D．Adolescents" delayed sleep/wake cycle isn"t the preferred pattern. |
| A．Criticised. | B．Grouped. | C．Organised. | D．Named. |
| A．Functions of the body clock. |
| B．The "night owl" phenomenon. |
| C．Human beings" sleep behaviour. |
| D．The school schedule of "early birds". |
答案
小题1:C
小题2:D
小题3:B
小题4:B
解析
试题分析: 本文属于说明文范畴。在文中作者通过介绍一堂课中学生迟到和准时到的情况，提出了学生不擅长调整自己的生物钟而去适应白天的学业安排。然后在文中分析了目前青少年睡眠存在的问题，提出了两种不同的睡眠模式，即“early bird ”（早起型） 和“night owl”（夜猫子型），并主要介绍了晚上不困，白天困的“night owl” 现象。
小题1:C考查主旨大意。在文章首段作者首先通过数字说明许多学生早晨不能准时起床的一种情况，然后用一句话Obviously, students are terrible at adjusting their sleep cycles to their daily schedule.来解释这种现象的原因，提出文章中心，然后围绕此中心展开行文，故答案选C。
小题2:D考查细节理解。根据第二段Typically , the preferred sleep / wake cycle is delayed in adolescents …可知学生们对他们自己的睡眠模式不熟悉，没有能够恰当地去调整适应自己的生物钟，因而造成了睡眠问题，故答案选D。
小题3:B考查词义推断。A批评；B分类；C 组织；D命名。根据上文第三段末句This typical sleep pattern is usually referred to as the "night owl" schedule of和第四段首句This is opposed to the "early bird" schedule,可知睡眠模式有两种，即”night owl” 和”early bird”，而此处把20%归到night owls类，由此判断该词意思为“分类”，选B。
小题4:B考查主旨要义。在文章开头介绍一堂课中学生的迟到和准时到的情况，提出了学生不擅长调整自己的生物钟而去适应白天的学业安排这一问题。然后在下文对此现象进行分析并介绍造成这种情况的原因，所以答案选B。A选项内容“人体生物钟的功能”，B选项“人体的睡眠行为”都比较片面，不能反应文章中心；而D选项“早起者的时间安排”在文中没有涉及。
核心考点
试题【Willi around 100 students scheduled to be in that 9 am Monday morning lecture, i】；主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
"Women tend to be social in their behavior. They often share with others. But men lend to be competitive. They are trying to improve their social status," said Professor Ryan.
Generally, people believe that the hormone oxytocin is let out in our body in various social situations and
our body creates a large amount of it during positive social interactions (互动) such as falling in love or giving birth.
But in a previous experiment Professor Ryan found that the hormone is also let out in our body during negative social interactions such as envy.
Further researches showed that in men the hormone oxytocin improves the ability to recognize competitive relationships, but in women it raises the ability to recognize friendship. Professor Ryan"s recent experiment used 62 men and women aged 20 to 37. Half of the participants（参与者）received oxytocin. The other half received placebo (安慰剂).
After a week, the two groups switched with participants. They went tlirough the same procedure with the other material.
Following each treatment, they were shown some video pictures with different social interactions. Then they were asked to analyze the relationships by answering some questions. The questions were about telling friendship from competition. And their answers should be based on gestures, body language and facial expressions.
The results indicated that, after treatment with oxytocin, men"s ability to correctly recognize competitive relationships improved, but in women it was the ability to correctly recognize friendship that got better.
Professor Ryan thus concluded: "Our experiment proves that the hormone oxytocin can raise people"s abilities to better distinguish different social interactions. And the behavior differences between men and women are caused by biological factors (因素) that are mainly hormonal."
小题1:What causes men and women to behave differently according to the text?
| A．Placebo. | B．Oxytocin. |
| C．The gesture. | D．The social status. |
| A．Oxytocin affects our behavior in a different way. |
| B．Our body lets out oxytocin when we are deep in love. |
| C．Our body produces oxytocin when we feel unhappy about others" success. |
| D．Oxytocin improves our abilities to understand people"s behavior differences. |
| A．To test the effect of oxytocin on the ability to recognize social interactions. |
| B．To know the differences between friendship and competition. |
| C．To know people"s different abilities to answer questions. |
| D．To test people"s understanding of body language. |
| A．explaining people"s behaviors |
| B．describing his own experiences |
| C．distinguishing sexual differences |
| D．discussing research experiments |
I felt superior about this matter until the other day I took my car to mail a small parcel. The journey is a matter of 281 steps. But I used the car. And I wasn’t in ay hurry, either, I had merely become one more victim of a national sickness: motorosis.
It is an illness to which I had thought myself immune(), for I was bred in the tradition of going to places on my own two legs. At that time, we regarded 25 miles as good day’s walk and the ability to cover such a distance in ten hours as sign of strength and skill. It did not occur to us that walking was a hardship. And the effect was lasting. When I was 45 years old I raced –and beat—a teenage football player the 168 steps up the Stature of Liberty.
Such enterprises today are regarded by many middle-aged persons as bad for the heart. But a well-known British physician, Sir Adolphe Abrhams, pointed out recently that hearts and bodies need proper…… is more likely to have illnesses than one who exercises regularly. And wlaking is an ideal form of exercise--- the most familiar and natural of all.
It was Henry Thoreau who showed mankind the richness of going on foot. The man walking can learn the trees, flower, insects, birds and animals, the significance of seasons, the very feel of himself as a living creature in a living world, He cannot learn in a car.
The car is a convenient means of transport, but we have made it our way of life. Many people don’t dare to approach Nature any more; to them the world they were born to enjoy is all threat. To them security is a steel river thundering on a concrete road. And much of their thinking takes place while waiting for the traffic light to turn green.
I say that the green of forests is the mind’s best light. And none but the man on foot can evaluate what is basic and everlasting.
小题1:What is the national sickness?
| A．Walking too much |
| B．Traveling too much |
| C．Driving cars too much |
| D．Climbing stairs too much. |
| A．People usually went around on foot. |
| B．people often walked 25 miles a day |
| C．People used to climb the Statue of Liberty. |
| D．people considered a ten-jhour walk as a hardship. |
| A．middle-aged people like getting back to nature |
| B．walking in nature helps enrich one’s mind |
| C．people need regular exercise to keep fit |
| D．going on foot prevents heart disease |
| A． A queue of cars |
| B．A ray of traffic light |
| C．A flash of lightning |
| D．A stream of people |
| A．To tell people to reflect more non life. |
| B．To recommend people to give up driving |
| C．To advise people to do outdoor activities |
| D．To encourage people to return to walking |
As a general rule, all forms of activity lead to boredom when they are performed on a routine basis. As a matter of fact, we can see this ________at work in people of all _________. For example, on Christmas morning, children are excited about _______with their new toys. But their ________soon wear off and by January those_________toys can be found put away in the basement. The world is full of_________stamp albums and unfinished models, each standing as a monument to someone’s _________interest. When parents bring home a pet, their child________bathes it and brushes its fur. Within a short time, however, the_______of caring the animal is handed over to the parents. Adolescent enter high school with great_______but soon looking forward to________. The same is true of the young adults going to the college. And then, how many_________, who complain about the long drives to work, _________drove for hours at a time when they first_________ their drivers licenses? Before people retire, they usually _______to do a lot of_____things, which never had _____while working. But ________after retirement, the golfing, the fishing , the reading and all of the other pastimes become as boring as the jobs they _______. And, like the child in January, they go searching for new_________.
| 小题1: |
|
| 小题2: |
|
| 小题3: |
|
| 小题4: |
|
| 小题5: |
|
| 小题6: |
|
| 小题7: |
|
| 小题8: |
|
| 小题9: |
|
| 小题10: |
|
| 小题11: |
|
| 小题12: |
|
| 小题13: |
|
| 小题14: |
|
| 小题15: |
|
| 小题16: |
|
| 小题17: |
|
| 小题18: |
|
| 小题19: |
|
| 小题20: |
|
But what began as nothing important in public affairs has grown into a social movement .Business people, political leaders, university professors, and especially millions of grass-roots Americans are taking part in the movement. “The understanding has increased many ,many times,” says Gaylord Nelson, the former governor from Wisconsin, who thought up the first According to US government reports , emissions (排放)from cars and trucks have dropped from 10.3 million tons a year to 5.5 tons .The number of cities producing CO beyond the standard has been reduced from 40 to 9 .Although serious problems still remain and need to be dealt with , the world is a safer and healthier place .A kind of “Green thinking ” has become part of practices .
Great improvement has been achieved .In 1988 there were only 600 recycling programs ,; today in 1995 there are about 6,600 .Advanced lights ,motors , and building designs have helped save a lot of energy and therefore prevented pollution .
Twenty –five years ago , there were hardly any education programs for environment .Today , it’s hard to find a public school , university , or law school that does not have such a kind of program .” Until we do that , nothing else will change! ” say Bruce Anderson .
小题1:According to Anderson , before 1970, Americans had little idea about ___
| A．the social movement |
| B．recycling techniques |
| C．environmental problems |
| D．the importance of Earth Day |
| A．The grass –roots level |
| B．The business circle |
| C．Government officials |
| D．University professors |
| A．They have cut car emissions to the lowest |
| B．They have settled their environmental problems |
| C．They have lowered their CO levels in forty cities. |
| D．They have reduced pollution through effective measures . |
| A．Education |
| B．Planning |
| C．Green living |
| D．CO reduction |
Any huge task seems easier when reduced to baby steps. I f you wished to climb a 12,000-foot mountain, and could do it a day at a time, you would only have to climb 33 feet daily to reach the top in a year. If you want to take a really nice trip in 10 years for a special occasion, to collect the $15,000 cost, you have to save $3.93 a day. If you drop that into a piggy bank and then once a year put $1,434 in a savings account at 1% interest rate after-tax, you will have your trip money.
When I was a child, my parents gave me a piggy bank to teach me that, if I wanted something, I should save money to buy it. We associate piggy banks with children, but in many countries, the little containers are also popular with adults. Europeans see a piggy bank as a sign of good fortune and wealth. Around the world, many believe a gift of a piggy bank on New Year’s Day brings good luck and financial success. Ah, but you have to put something in it.
Why is a pig used as a symbol of saving? Why not an elephant bank, which is bigger and holds more coins? In the Middle Ages, before modern banking and credit instruments, people saved money at home, a few coins at a time dropped into a jar or dish. Potters(制陶工) made these inexpensive containers from an orange-colored clay(黏土) called “pygg,” and folks saved coins in pygg jars.The Middle English word
for pig was “pigge”. While the Saxons pronounced pygg, referring to the clay, as “pug”, eventually the two words changed into the same pronunciation, sounding the “i” as in pig or piggy. As the word became less associated with the orange clay and more with the animal, a clever potter fashioned a pygg jar in the shape of a pig, delighting children and adults. The piggy bank was born.
Originally you had to break the bank to get to the money, bringing in a sense of seriousness into savings. While piggy banks teach children the wisdom of saving, adults often need to relearn childhood lessons. Think about the things in life that require large amounts of money--- college education, weddings, cars, medical care, starting a business, buying a home, and fun stuff like great trips. So when you have money, take off the top 10%, put it aside, save and invest wisely.
小题1:What is the piggy bank strategy?
| A．Paying 1% income tax at a time. |
| B．Setting a goal before making a travel plan. |
| C．Aiming high even when doing small things. |
| D．Putting aside a little money regularly for future use. |
| A．To delight him with the latest fashion. |
| B．To encourage him to climb mountains. |
| C．To help him form the habit of saving. |
| D．To teach him English pronunciation. |
| A．Money | B．Gifts |
| C．Financial success | D．Good luck |
| A．a potter’s instrument |
| B．a cheap clay container |
| C．an animal-shaped dish |
| D．a pig-like toy for children |
| A．the seriousness of educating children |
| B．the enjoyment of taking a great trip |
| C．the importance of managing money |
| D．the difficulty of starting a business |
最新试题
- 1不等式组所表示的平面区域的图形是 [ ]A.四边形B.第二象限内的三角形C.第一象限内的三角形D.五边形
- 2依次填入下列各句横线处的词语，最恰当的一组是[ ]①只有养成了习惯，才是______的、自觉的行为，道德建设才会
- 3For the past many centuries, people had been enjoying the be
- 4A new study suggests that the more teenagers watch televisio
- 5设集合=，若，则的值 .
- 6阅读短文，回答问题。田野里的蜜蜂 [法]儒勒·米什莱 ①这些都是从三月开始的。时有时无已经蕴含了一些热力的太阳唤醒了大
- 7已知F1，F2是椭圆x2a2+y2b2=1的两焦点，P为椭圆上一点，若∠F1PF2=60°，则离心率的最小值是_____
- 8下列各句中，加点成语使用恰当的一句是A.不管是科学奖，还是人文奖，诺贝尔奖还是第一大奖，许多人视其为殊荣，得主大多受宠若
- 9若m＞0且m≠1，n＞0，则“logmn＜0”是“（m-1）（n-1）＜0”的（ ）A．充要条件B．充分不必要条件C．
- 10静止的列车在平直轨道上以恒定的功率启动，在开始的一小段时间内，列车的运动状态是 [ ]A．列车做匀加速直线运动
热门考点
- 1用氯化铁浸出重铬酸钾(K2Cr2O7)滴定法测定钛精粉试样中单质铁的质量分数[w(Fe)]，实验步骤如下：步骤1：称取
- 2世界上最小的大洲和最小的大洋分别是 （ ）A．大洋洲北冰洋B．大洋洲印度洋C．欧洲印度洋D．南美洲大西洋
- 32010年3月，温家宝总理在2010年政府工作报告中指出，2009年在国际金融危机的强烈冲击下，我国国内生产总值仍达到3
- 4某种细胞每过30分钟由1个分裂成2个，经过2小时，3个这种细胞分裂成______个．
- 5已知日地距平比（实际日地距离一日地平均距离）÷日地平均距离，它反映日地距离的变化情况．下图示意日地距平比随时间的变化规律
- 6【题文】读“南极洲年平均气温分布示意图”，回答下列各题。【小题1】南极洲的等温线大致呈同心圆状分布的主要影响因素是（&#
- 7今年5月，李***总理访非取得了丰硕成果：拓展经贸领域合作范围，支持非洲工业发展进程，帮助改善非洲民生……向世界和非洲宣示
- 8He said he wasn"t disappointed at the result of the final ex
- 9若a与b-c都是非零向量，则“a•b=a•c”是“a⊥(b-c)”的（ ）A．充分而不必要条件B．必要而不充分条件C．
- 10近日一种新型太阳能公共卫生间落户北京东郊民巷，该卫生间的能源全部由位于顶部的太阳能电池板提供，它还能将多余的能量储存在蓄