题目
题型：0104 月考题难度：来源：
People from East Asia tend to have more difficulty than those from Europe in distinguishing facial
expressions-and a new report published online in Current Biology explains why.
Rachael Jack, University of Glasgow researcher, said that rather than scanning evenly (均匀地) across
a face as Westerners do, Easterners fix their attention on the eyes.
"We show that Easterners and Westerners look at different face features to read facial expressions,"
Jack said. "Westerners look at the eyes and the mouth in equal measure, whereas Easterners favor the eyes
and neglect (忽略) the mouth."
According to Jack and her colleagues, the discovery shows that human communication of emotion is
more complex than previously believed. As a result, facial expressions that had been considered universally
recognizable cannot be used to reliably convey emotion in cross-cultural situations.
The researchers studied cultural differences in the recognition of facial expressions by recording the
eye movements of 13 Western Caucasian and 13 East Asian people while they observed pictures of expressive
faces and put them into categories: happy, sad, surprised, fearful, disgusted, angry, or neutral. They compared
how accurately participants read those facial expressions using their particular eye movement strategies.
It turned out that Easterners focused much greater attention on the eyes and made significantly more errors
than did Westerners. "The cultural difference in eye movements that they show is probably a reflection of
cultural difference in facial expressions," Jack said. "Our data suggest that whereas Westerners use the whole
face to convey emotion, Easterners use the eyes more and mouth less."
In short, the data show that facial expressions are not universal signals of human emotion. From here on,
examining how cultural factors have diversified these basic social skills will help our understanding of human
emotion. Otherwise, when it comes to communicating emotions across cultures, Easterners and Westerners
will find themselves lost in translation.
B. consider facial expressions universally reliable
C. observe the eyes and the mouth in different ways
D. have more difficulty in recognizing facial expressions
B. To get their faces impressive.
C. To classify some face pictures.
D. To observe the researchers" faces.
B. The researchers of the study.
C. The errors made during the study.
D. The data collected from the study.
B. study the mouth more frequently
C. examine the eyes more attentively
D. read facial expressions more correctly
B. Cultural Differences in Reading Emotions
C. Effective Methods to Develop Social Skills
D. How to Increase Cross-cultural Understanding
答案
核心考点
试题【阅读理解。 People from East Asia tend to have more difficulty than those from Eu】；主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
It is important for Americans to thank other people for favors even if what the other person did was very
small. Both children and older people should be thanked for any kind act. The person accepting the thanks
usually says something to make the favor seem small, or says that it was his pleasure to help you, or simply,
"You"re welcome."
It is equally important to apologize when you have hurt or disappointed someone. When possible, you
should always add a reasonable explanation or excuse for your behavior. When there is some loss or damage
to personal property (财产), the person responsible (负责) for the loss should both apologize and offer to pay
for the item.
Most of the time the other person accepts the apology graciously and doesn"t show any disappointment or
anger. But if the problem was really serious or it happened several times before, the person might say
something how he feels.
B. younger than you
C. the same age as you
D. all of the above
B. just apologize for what you have done.
C. say nothing and try to forget about it.
D. pay for the damage without saying a word.
B. try to explain the reason for your actions.
C. add an excuse even if it is not a good one.
D. none of the above
B. tell him how upset you are
C. take no notice of him.
D. give an angry reply and leave him alone.
B. Thanking
C. Habit of Americans
D. Thanking and Apologizing
from the Greeks. These pies were sometimes made in "reeds (芦苇叶)", which were used for the purpose
of holding the filling (馅), and were not eaten.
The Romans spread the word about pies around Europe and the word "pie" became a popular word in
the 14th century. The first pie recipe (食谱) was also published by the Romans.
Pies first appeared in England as early as the twelfth century. The early pies were mostly meat pies.
There was actually more crust (皮) than filling. Often these pies were made from fowl (家禽) and the fowl"s
legs were left to hang over the side of the dish and used as handles. Fruit pies were probably first made in
the 1500s. It is said that Queen Elizabeth I made the first cherry pie.
Pie came to America with the first English settlers. The early settlers cooked their pies in long narrow
pans. As in the Roman times, the early American pie crusts were often not eaten, but simply used to hold
the filling during baking (烘焙).
Over the years, pie has become what it is today-"the most traditional American dessert". Pie has
become so much a part of American culture that we now often use the phrase "as American as apple pie".
B. The Greeks.
C. The Englishmen.
D. The Americans.
B. Early Romans ate not only pies but also the crusts.
C. The Romans first published pie recipe.
D. The word "pie" became popular because of the Romans" efforts.
B. People use "as American as apple pie" to show something about American characteristics.
C. Americans don"t eat crusts but use them to hold the filling during baking.
D. Pies are the most traditional American dessert.
B. Pies, the Delicious Food
C. Pies, American Dessert
D. How to Make Pies
Daban, we move to another ancient city, Loulan.
Two thousand years ago, beside the beautiful and rich Luobu Lake, there lay Loulan, ancient city on the
Silk Road. Businessmen from every country gathered here and there were dancing parties. Everything shows
that people in Loulan lived a rich life then.
However, two thousand years later, this rich land suddenly disappeared from the map of China. Then it
became an area covered with sand and dead tree trunks.
Loulan was first "discovered" by a Swedish man Sven Hedin in 1900. People from America, Britain, Japan
and Sweden, all set foot here. Then in the 1930s, a Chinese named Huang Wenbi came to Loulan for the first
time. He visited and studied this area and found many relics that were beautifully and carefully made.
It is recorded that the ancient city of Loulan was the capital of Loulan Kingdom during the Han and Jin
dynasties. In the past century many things have been dug out there including Han Dynasty coins, mirrors and
many others from Greece and Rome. All these things show that a lot of business between East and West once
took place there.
Lying on the northwest of the Lop Nur area, the Loulan Kingdom is now a lifeless area with endless
"forests" of mounds (小丘) which aren"t easily seen in other parts of the world. Its mystery (神秘) has been
attracting so many people from so many countries.
B. an American
C. an Englishman
D. a Japanese
B. people from America and Japan had set foot there
C. a lifeless area with lots of mounds could easily be seen there
D. Africans had visited the ancient country
B. wars between dynasties made Loulan disappear
C. foreigners came to Loulan and destroyed it
D. how Loulan disappeared is still unknown to us
B. Its developed business in the past.
C. Its mysterious stories.
D. Those buried treasures there.
Awards are granted by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Academy Awards are nicknamed
"Oscars", which is also the nickname of the statuette. The name is said to have been born in 1931 when
Margaret Herrick saw the statuette on a table and said. "It looks just like my uncle Oscar!"
Berlin Film Festival One of the "A" festivals in Europe. The Berlin International Film Festival, also called
the "Berlinale", is held annually in February and started in 1951 after an initiative of the American, who
occupied part of the city after World War II. The jury always placed special emphasis on representing films
from all over the world, from the former Eastern Bloc Countries (东方阵营) as well as from Western
countries.The awards are called Golden and Silver Bears ( as the bear is the symbol of Berlin).
Venice Film Festival The Venice Film Festival takes place every year in late August/early September on
the Lido in the historic Palazzo del Cinema, in Venice, Italy since 1932; its main award is the "Leond"Oro"
(Golden Lion). Recently, a new award has been added, the San Marco Award for the best film.
Cannes Film Festival The Cannes Film Festival is. a famous international film festival. It has been held
annually in Cannes, in the south of France, since 1946 with a few exceptions. Given massive media exposure,
the Festival is attended by many movie stars and is a popular venue for movie producers to launch their new
films and attempt to sell their works to the distributors who come from all over the globe.
The most famous award given out at Carmes is the "Palme d"Or" (Golden Palm) for the best film; this is
sometimes shared by multiple films in one year.
B. Golden Palm.
C. Academy Awards.
D. San Marco Award.
B. It"s also the nickname of the statuette.
C. It got its name because Margaret said the statuette looked like her uncle.
D. It s an award in France.
B. Golden Palm.
C. Academy Awards.
D. San Marco Award.
B. An advertisement for films and TV programs.
C. An introduction to the nicknames of famous film awards.
D. A guide of bow to attend famous film festivals.
meetings throughout the year. A new Einstein will appear, scientists say. But it may take a long time. After all,
more than 200 years separated Einstein from Isaac Newton.
Many physicists say the next Einstein hasn"t been born yet, or is a baby now. That"s because the search
for a unified theory that would explain all the forces of nature has pushed current mathematics to its limits.
New math must be created after the problem can be solved.
But researchers say there are many other factors working against another Einstein appearing anytime soon.
For one thing, physics is a much different field today. In Einstein"s day, there were a few thousand physicists
worldwide, and the theorists who could argue with Einstein probably would fit into a streetcar with seats to
spare. Education is different, too. One key aspect of Einstein"s training that-is little noticed is the years of
philosophy he read as a teenager-Kant, Schopenhauer and Spinoza, among others. It taught him how to think
independently about space and time and it wasn"t long before he became a philosopher himself.
And Einstein was a clever musician. The interplay between music and math is well-known. Einstein would
play his violin hard as a way to think through a knotty physics problem.
Today, universities have produced millions of physicists. There aren"t many jobs in science for them, so
they go to Wall Street and Silicon Valley to apply their analytical skills. Those who stay in science don"t work
alone and they sometimes do experiment together which takes years.
It"s hard to imagine a renegade (背叛者) like Einstein standing it. "Maybe there is an Einstein out there
today," said Columbia University physicist Brian Greene, "but it would be a lot harder for him to be heard."
B. create a unified theory
C. have to be born now
D. push math to its limits
B. interesting
C. strange
D. difficult
B. There will be no problems to solve.
C. There will be suitable philosophy to study.
D. There are only a few physicists.
B. mathematical rule
C. unique idea
D. physical saying
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