题目
题型：山东省模拟题难度：来源：
Hot is a simple, easily understood word. So are most of the expressions made with the word hot. But not always, as we shall see.
[2]The words hot potato, for example, give you no idea at all to the meaning of the expression, hot potato.
The potato is popular and many Americans like baked potatoes. Imagine trying to carrv a hot potato in your
hand. It would be difficult, even painful, to do so. Some publicly argued problems are high1y emotional. The
problems must be treated carefully, or they will be difficult and painful if an elected official has to deal with
them. One such hot potato is taxes. Calling for higher taxes can mean defeat for a politician. And yet, if taxes
are not raised, some very popular government programs could be cut. And that also can make a politician very
unpopular. The questions must be dealt with carefully, the same way you would handle any other hot potato.
[3]Another expression is not so hot. If you ask someone how she feels, she may answer "not so hot."
What she means is she does not feel well. Not so hot also is a way of saying you do not really like somethin.
You may tell a friend that the new play you saw last night is not so hot. That means ______.
[4]A hot shot is a person, often a young person, who thinks he can do anything. He is very sure he can
succeed. But often he fails. The expression was born in the military forces. A hot shot was a soldier who fired
without aiming carefully.
[5]Hot is a word that is often used to talk about anger. A person who becornes angry easily is called a
hothead. An angry person"s neck often becomes red. We say he is hot under the collar.
____________________________________________________________________________________
2. Fill in the blank in Paragraph 3 with a proper sentence. (within 8 words)
____________________________________________________________________________________
3. Which sentence in the text is the closest in meaning to the following one? As you would deal with other
difficult problems, you must be careful with these ones.
____________________________________________________________________________________
4. List three situations where "hot" expressions can be used accordmg to the text. (within 30 words).
____________________________________________________________________________________
5. Translate the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 into Chinese.
____________________________________________________________________________________
答案
2. you don"t consider it a success/you don"t like (enjoy) it.
3. The questions must be dealt with carefully, the same way you would handle any other hot potato.
4. ①when you mean something difficult and painful to handle
②when you do not really like something
③when you mean a person who becomes angry easily
5. 这些问题必须认真对待，否则，当选官员处理起来会很棘手。
答案不唯一
核心考点
试题【阅读表达。阅读下面的短文，并根据短文后的要求答题。（请注意问题后的词数要求） [l]Every language has its own specia】；主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
daily routine. You might think that all modern societies would have the same neatness and personal cleanness
practices. After all, doesn"t everybody take baths? Most people do recognize the need for cleanness, which is
the basis for health. Neatness practices include all the little things people do to make themselves look their best,
such as combing their hair and putting on makeup. However, while most modern people agree that these things
are important, people in different cultures take care of themselves in different ways.
There used to be an old joke in America that people should take a bath once a week, whether they need one
or not. In fact, though, Americans generally take a bath or more commonly, a shower every day. But in contrast
to some cultures, most Americans get their shower in the morning so that they can start the day frcsh.
Americans are known for having very sensitive noses. In America, body smell is socially unacceptable. For that
reason, Americans consider it a must to use special lotion (浴液) to prevent the smell. Ladies often add a touch
of perfume. Men may spray on after-shave cream or manly-smelling perfume.
Some of the cultural varieties in neatness practices result from physical differences between races. Whereas
many Asian men have little facial hair, Westerners have a lot. As a result, most American men spend some time
each day shaving or tidying their facial hair to keep it nice. American women, on the other hand, generally prefer
not to be hairy at all.
Americans put great value on both neatness and personal cleanness. For some people, taking care of
themselves has become almost a religion. As the old saying goes, "Cleanness is next to godliness." Whether or
not being clean and neat-looking brings one closer to God, it certainly at least brings one closer to others.
Americans look down on people who don"t take care of themselves, or who "let themselves go."
B. people have the same neatness practices today
C. neatness practices may be affected by cultures
D. neatness means combing hair and doing makeup
B. refrcsh their sensitive noses
C. prevent their body smell
D. style their hair at home
B. locations
C. religions
D. neatness practices
B. give loose to themselves
C. stay away from other people
D. stay closer to other people
注意：每个空格只填一个单词。
Holiday. If you are planning to visit Rome, here are some cultural dos and don"ts you should know.
Coffee Etiquette: Italian breakfast consists of pastry and a cup of Cappuccino or shot of espresso.
Cappuccino is a morning drink and is not drunk after noon by real Italians. A post-dinner espresso,
however, is a common practice.
Dinner rules: Guests are expected to arrive for dinner reservations at least fifteen minutes late. In
many restaurants, the printed memus are only for tourists. Regular customers know how to ask for the
daily specials, which typically feature the freshest ingredients. Bread is rarely served together with butter
or olive oil.
Drinking water. Rome has plenty of public water fountains, and real Romans (and their dogs) always
drink directly from them. Many people also refill their water bottles from these fountains.
Mind the traffic: Unless there is a traffic light, or you are in a crosswalk, don"t expect cars to stop for
you. Though crosswalks go first, in a car-crazy city, still you"d better keep cautious and walk cautiously.
Money: Always have some Euros with you. Most major hotels, restaurants and shops take credit cards,
but many smaller operations will either be unwilling to accept them for smaller purchase or not accept them
at all. ATMs are available throughout the city and at the airports.
About soccer: Most Italian men are passionate about their soccer. Arm yourself with some knowledge
of Italy"s soccer scene, and you will find ready conversation partners almost everywhere.
The Romans: The people here love to share their thoughts, opinions and emotions. They are creative,
passionate, playful, occasionally rude or vain but always entertaining, and almost always good-humored.
| Theme | Dos and Don"ts in Rome |
| Eating | ▲ Always have your breakfast with a cup of drink, Cappuccino or espresso (1)______. ▲ Arrive at least fifteen minutes late if (2)______ for dinner. ▲ Bread, when served, is rarely (3)______ by butter or olive oil. ▲ (4)______ some daily specials in restaurants directly, as regular customers do. |
| Drinking | ▲ Public water fountains are always (5)______ by real Romans and their dogs. ▲ Refill your water bottles from the fountains, too. |
| Traffic rules | ▲ Never expect cars to stop for you unless in a crosswalk . ▲ When you are in a crosswalk, you"d better keep (6)______. |
| (7)______ | ▲ Have some euros with you for smaller (8)______ because not all shops take credit cards. |
| Communicating | ▲ Start your (9)______ with local people by talking about Italian soccer and they will be (10)______ to share their opinions with you. |
| 阅读理解。 | |
| On December 18, 1620, passengers on the British ship Mayflower came on shore at modern-day Plymouth, Massachusetts, to begin their new settlement, Plymouth Colony. The famous Mayflower story began in 1606, when a group of reform-minded people in England built their own church, which was separate from the state-supported Church of England. Because of this, they were forced to leave the country and settle in Netherlands. After 12 years of struggling to adapt and make a hard living, the group sought financial backing from some London merchants to set up a colony in America. On September 6, 1620, one hundred and two passengers-called Pilgrims (朝圣者) by William Bradford, a passenger who would become the first governor of Plymouth Colony-crowded on the Mayflower to begin the long, hard journey to a new life in the New World. On November 11, 1620, the Mayflower landed at Provincetown Harbor. Before going on shore, 41 male passengers-heads of families, single men and three male servants-signed the famous Mayflower contract, agreeing to form a government chosen by common election and to obey all laws made for the good of the colony. Over the next month, several small leading teams were sent on shore to collect firewood and hunt for a good place to build a settlement. Around December 10, one of these groups found a harbor they liked on the western side of Cape Cod Bay. They returned to the Mayflower to tell the other passengers, but bad weather prevented them reaching the harbor until December 16. Two days later, the first group of Pilgrims went on shore. After exploring the region, the settlers chose a cleared area once controlled by members of a local Native American tribe (部落). The tribe had abandoned the village several years earlier, after an outbreak of European disease. That winter of 1620-1621 was really hard, as the Pilgrims struggled to build their settlement, find food and take care of the sick By spring, 50 of the original 102 Mayflower passengers were dead. The remaining settlers made contact with returning members of the Native American tribe and in March they signed a peace treaty (条 约) with the tribe chief. In the spring time, helped by the locals, the Pilgrims were able to plant crops-especially corn and beans-that were necessary to their survival. On April 5, 1621, the Mayflower and its crew left Plymouth to return to England. Over the next several decades, more and more settlers made the voyage across the Atlantic to Plymouth, which gradually grew into a successful shipbuilding and fishing center. | |
| 1. A group of English were forced to leave their country in 1606 because _____. | |
| [ ] | |
| A.their belief was different from the official Church B. they built their own churches in a foreign country C. they lacked financial support from the government D. they were ambitious to build the colony in America | |
| 2. How many days did the sea journey to Provincetown Harbor last? | |
| [ ] | |
| A. 103 B. 96 C. 66 D. 35 | |
| 3. Several leading teams were sent in order to _____. | |
| [ ] | |
| A. hunt for food for the passengers B. control local Native Americans C. build a settlement for the passengers D. explore the region for their settlement | |
| 4. From the passage we know that _____ between 1620-1621. | |
| [ ] | |
| A. 52 Mayflower passengers died of some illnesses B. Pilgrims had a good relationship with the locals C. Plymouth turned a main center for shipbuilding D. Pilgrims tried to plant corns and beans in winter | |
| 阅读理解。 | |
| Alice"s Adventures in Wondertand is one of the most loved children"s books of all time, and many adults enjoy it as well. It tells the story of a young girl named Alice, who follows a rabbit entering a magical world called Wonderland: she has many experiences which seem to change the rules of reasoning or common sense. The popularity of the book comes from its imagination, interesting story, and art work. The writer of the book is Lewis Carroll-In fact, Lewis Carroll was not the writer"s real name. His real name was Charles Dodgson. One day, he took a boat ride down the Thames River to have a picnic with three little girls who were friends of the family. To keep them entertained on the ride, he told them a story in which Alice, the middle child, was the main character. They enjoyed the story very much. Charles later wrote the story down under the name Alice"s Adventures Under Ground and gave it to Alice as a Christmas present. Later, he gave a copy to his friend George MacDnald George read it to his children and they loved it. George suggested to Charles that he make a book from his story. Charles then wrote more parts to the story until it was around 35 000 words. It was first printed in 1866, with art work by John Tenniel, under the name Alice"s Adventures in Wonderland. The book was an immediate success. One of its first fans was Queen Victoria. She imrnediately requested a collection of all of Lewis Carroll"s works. She was surprised to find that they included many works on math. In fact, Charles Dodgson was a highly respected mathematician.This can be seen in nmny puzzles and plays on reasoning that appear in his books and poems. Since the story was first printed, it has kept selling up to the present day. It has been translated into over fifty languages and has had several rnovies based on it. The story is even mentioned in the popular 1999 film The Matrix by the character Morpheus. | |
| 1. The passage is mainly about _____. | |
| [ ] | |
| A. Charles" family life B. a girl"s adventurous experience C. a magical world called wonderland D. the birth of a book and its lasting influences | |
| 2. Which of the followiIlg statements is TRUE according to the passage? | |
| [ ] | |
| A. The writer published his works under his real name. B. The character Alice originated from George"s child. C. John contributed partly to the popularity of the book. D. Charles offered a copy to George for advice. | |
| 3. We can learn from the passage that _____. | |
| [ ] | |
| A. Queen Victoria asked for a few of Charles" writings B. Charles had a gift for reasoning and writing C. Charles had an his works translated into fifty languages D. The Matrix was based on Alice"s Adventures in Wonderland | |
| 4. Which of the following is the right order of the passage? a. Charles gave his story to Alice as a Christmas present. b. Charles had a picnic with three little girls on the Thames. c. Alice"s Adventures in Wonderland was first printed in l866. d. More parts were added to the story by Charles. e. The book won a large number of fans. | |
| [ ] | |
| A. c-b-a-d-e B. c-a-b-e-d C. b-a-d-c-e D. b-a-c-e-d | |
| 阅读理解。 | |
| Americans wear black for mourning while Chinese wear white. Westerners think of dragons as monsters while Chinese honor them as symbols of God. Chinese civilization has often shown such polarities (极性) with the West, as though each stands at extreme ends of a global string. Now in the University of California, Berkeley, a psychologist has discovered deeper polarities between Chinese and American cultures-polarities that go to the heart of how we reason and discover truth. His findings go far toward explaining why American cultures seem to be contentious and Chinese cultures so passive, when compared to each other. More importantly, the research opens the way for the peoples of the East and the West to learn from each other in fundamental ways. The Chinese could leam much from Western methods for determining scientific truth, said Kaiping Peng, a former Beijing scholar, who is now a UC Berkeley assistant professor of psychology. And Americans could profit enormously from the Chinese tolerance for accepting contradictions in social and personal life, he said. "Americans have a terrible need to find out who is right in an argument," said Peng. "The problem is that at the interpersonal level you really don"t need to find the truth, or maybe there isn"t any." Chinese people, said Peng, are far more content to think that both sides have flaws and virtues, because they have a holistic (整体 的) awareness that life is full of contradictions. They do far less blaming of the individual than Americans do, he added. In studies of interpersonal argument, for example, when subjects were asked to deal with contradictory information stemming from conflict between a mother and a daughter or a student and a school, Peng found that Americans were "non-compromising, blaming one side-usually the mother-for the causes of the problems, demanding changes from one side to attain a solution and offering no compromise" in dealing with the conflict. Compared to this angry, blaming American stance, the Chinese were paragons (模范) of compromise, finding fault on both sides and looking for solutions that moved both sides to the middle. | |
| 1. In Paragraph l, the author sets examples in order to _____. | |
| [ ] | |
| A. expose the contradiction between Chinese and Americans B. show the differences between Chinese culture and American culture C. find the reason for the differences D. generalize the main idea of the passage | |
| 2. The underlined word "contentious" in Paragraph 2 probably means _____. | |
| [ ] | |
| A. conservative B. aggressive C. objective D. optimistic | |
| 3. Compared with Americans, Chinese are _____. | |
| [ ] | |
| A. likely to find the truth in life B. reluctant to admit their own failure C. reluctant to have a general idea of things D. likely to know advantages and disadvantages of things | |
| 4. The studies show that _____. | |
| [ ] | |
| A. an American treats his or her mother badly B. ideas of treating the aged are different C. personalities of Chinese and American are different D. conflicts of Americans and Chinese are different | |
| 5. The main idea of the passage is _____. | |
| [ ] | |
| A. polarities between American and Chinese culture B. priorities of American culture to Chinese C. different attitudes towards the aged D. different manners m social occasions |