题目
题型:山东省同步题难度:来源:
serves as a place for nations to settle disagreements and negotiate agreements to reduce trade barriers.The
newest of its 150 members,Vietnam,joined in January.
But the roots of the WTO date back to World War Two and the years that followed. In 1944, the
International Monetary (货币的) Conference agreed to create the International Monetary Fund and the
World Bank.But they could not agree on an organization to deal with international trade.
Three years later,in 1947,twentythree nations approved the General Agreement on Tariffs (关税) and
Trade,or GATT.It_was_meant_to_be_temporary.Trade negotiations under GATT were carried out in a
series of talks called rounds.The first round lowered import taxes on onefifth of world trade.Later rounds
produced additional cuts,and negotiators added more issues.
The sixth round began in 1963.It was called the Kennedy Round after the murder of President John
F.Kennedy.The results included an agreement against trade dumping.This is when one country sells a
product in another country at an unfairly low price.
The eighth round of talks began in Punta del Este,Uruguay,in 1986.The Uruguay Round lasted almost
twice as long as planned.In all,123 nations took part in sevenandahalf years of work.They set time limits
for future negotiations.They also agreed to create a permanent system to settle trade disagreements.
In April of 1994,most of those 123 nations signed an agreement.It replaced GATT with the World
Trade Organization.
The WTO launched a new round on development issues in Doha,Qatar,in November of 2001.These
talks were supposed to end by January of 2005. But negotiators could not agree on issues involving
agricultural protections.The current round has been suspended since last July.
B.1963
C.1986
D.1994
B.It was first approved by less than 30 countries.
C.It was a branch of the World Bank.
D.It was meant to improve international trade.
B.The founders didn"t expect GATT to last long.
C.GATT was ready to change its name at the very beginning.
D.GATT was open for more member countries.
B.It lasted almost eight years.
C.More countries took part in it.
D.More disagreements than expected were settled.
B.WTO Talk Rounds Last Longer
C.A Brief Introduction to the WTO
D.GATT or WTO?A Real Question
答案
核心考点
试题【阅读理解 The World Trade Organization came into existence in the 1990s.It operat】;主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
place primari1y in political circles. Here at the College Fund, we have a lot of contact with
top corporate (公司的) leaders; none of them is talking about getting rid of those instruments
that produce diversity. In fact, they say that if their companies are to compete in the g1oba1
village and in the global market place, diversity is an imperative. They also say that the need
for talented, skilled Americans means we have to expand the pool of potential employees.
And in looking at where birth rates are growing and at where the population is shifting,
corporate America understands that expanding the pool means promoting policies that help
provide skills to more minorities, more women and more immigrants. Corporate leaders
know that if that doesn"t occur in our society, they will not have the engineers, the scientists,
the lawyers, or the business managers they will need.
Likewise, I don"t hear people in the academy saying, "Let"s go backward. Let"s go back
to the good old days, when we had a meritocracy (不拘一格降人才)" (which was never
true-we never had a meritocracy, although we"ve come closer to it in the last 30 years, ) I
recently visited a great little college in New York where the campus has doubled its minority
population in the last six years. I talked with an African American who has been a professor
there for a long time, and she remembers that when she first joined the community, there
were fewer than a handful of minorities on campus. Now, all of us feel the university is better
because of the diversity. So where we hear this debate is primarily in political circles and in
the media-not in corporate board rooms or on college campuses.
A. superficial
B. remarkable
C. debatable
D. essential
B. Politicians
C. Professors
D. Managers
B. win equal political rights for minorities
C. be competitive in the world market
D. satisfy the demands of a growing popu1ation
B. American political circles will not accept diversity
C. it is unlikely that diversity will occur in the U. S. media
D. minorities can only enter the fields where no debate is heard about diversity
B. promoting policies that provide skills to employees
C. training more engineers, scientists lawyers and business managers
D. providing education for all regardless of race or sex
choices.There will, however, be a cost:protecting the consumer from being cheated will be harder. Many
governments therefore want to apply strict regulations to the electronic world. But politicians would be
wiser to see cyberspace as a basis for a new era of corporate selfregulation.
Consumers in rich countries have grown used to the idea that the government takes responsibility for
everything from the stability of the banks to the safety of the drugs or their rights to refund when goods are
faulty.But governments cannot enforce national laws on businesses whose only presence is on the screen.
Even in a country where a clear right to compensation exists,the online customer in Tokyo,say,can hardly
go to New York to get a refund for a clothes purchase.
One answer is for government to cooperate more:to recognize each other"s rules.But that requires years
of work and volumes of detailed rules.And plenty of countries have rules too fanciful for sober countries to
accept.There is,however,another choice.Let the electronic businesses do the regulation themselves.They
do,after all,have a selfinterest in doing so.
In electronic commerce,a reputation for honest dealing will be a valuable competitive asset.Governments,
too,may compete to be trusted.For instance,customers ordering medicines online may prefer to buy from
the United States because they trust the rigorous screening of the Food and Drug Administration;or they
may decide that the FDA"s rules are too strict,and buy from Switzerland instead.
Customers will still need to use their judgment.But precisely because the technology is new,electronic
shoppers are likely for a while to be a lot more cautious than customers of the normal sort.And the new
technology will also make it easier for them to complain when a company lets them down.In this way,at l
east,the advent of cyberspace may argue for fewer consumer protection laws,not more.
B.Strict consumer protection laws.
C.Close international cooperation.
D.Government protection
B.Go to the seller and ask for a refund.
C.Appeal to consumer protection law.
D.Complain about it on the Internet.
electronic world________.
B.consumers could easily seek government protection
C.a good reputation is a great advantage in competition
D.it would be easy for consumers to complain
B.very cautious
C.very slow
D.rather careless
through electronic commerce over the present normal one?
B.It will be easier for him to attain the refund from the seller.
C.It will be easier for him to get his complaints heard by other consumers.
D.It will be easier for him to complain about this to the government.
crisis (经济危机). The statistics on unemployment, housing costs and consumer confidence keep coming
and coming, leaving people not just scared to spend money but also very stressed and emotionally
exhausted. This stress (压力) has an effect on everything, starting with our sleep, moods, physical health,
relationships and eating habits.
"Time of economic stress leads to increase rates of depression (忧郁)," says Dr Christopher Palmer,
director of continuing education at McLean Hospital in Belmont, Massachusetts. "It worsens illness in
people who have been constantly depressed. But it also causes new cases of depression. Just the fear of
losing one"s job can put people over the edge."
And, without any doubt,just depression alone can create a variety of bad health effects.
● Sleep
33 percent of Americans reported that they have lost sleep due to the economic crisis.
26 percent say they are sleeping less than 6 hours per night, which is considered to be at least one hour less than the most favorable 7 to 8 hours recommended by sleep experts.
● Mental health,stress and heart attack
80 percent of Americans reported that last year the economy is a huge source of stress; 49 percent said the situation make them feel nervous or anxious; 48 percent reported that they feel very sad and have
developed depression.
Nearly twice the risk of heart attack or death was found in patients with the highest levels of depression or anxiety. Among those individuals, a 10 percent higher rise of heart attack or death was found in those
whose anxiety rose over time.
● Relationships
The chances of violent (暴力的) behavior are nearly 6 times higher for individuals who are left without a job.
Workplace stress can lead to domestic violence.
B. Now all Americans have problems in sleeping.
C. Economy is the most troubling problem for Americans now.
D. Economic crisis has destroyed many American families.
B. They sleep less than the proper amount.
C. Diseases caused by economy make them sleepless.
D. They lose sleep at night.
B. get divorced (离婚)
C. get rid of workplace stress
D. go mad
B. Economic Crisis Affects Americans" Health
C. Economic Crisis Causes Trouble to Sleep
D. Ordinary People Suffer Greatly in Economic Crisis
productive. Some experts believe that the answer is to make jobs more varied. Do more varied jobs lead
to greater productivity? There is something to suggest that while variety certainly makes the worker"s life
more enjoyable, it does not make him work harder. So variety is not important.
Other experts feel that giving the worker freedom to do his job in his own way is important and there is no doubt that this is true. The problem is that this kind of freedom cannot easily be given in the modern factory with its complicated machinery which must be used in a fixed way. Thus while freedom of choice may be important, there is very little that can be done to achieve this.
Another important consideration is how much each worker contributes to the product he is making. In most factories the worker sees only one small part of the product. Some car factories are said to be
experimenting with having many small production lines rather than a large one, so that each worker
contributes more to the production of the cars on his line.It would seem then that the degree of workers"
contribution is important.
To what extent does more money lead to greater productivity? The workers themselves cartainly think
this is important, but perhaps they want more money only because the work they do is so boring. Money
just lets them enjoy their spare time more. A similar argument may explain demands for shorter working
hours. Perhaps if companies succeed in making workers" jobs more interesting, they will neither want more money, nor will shorter working hours be so important to them.
B. Giving workers freedom to do their jobs in their own way.
C. Increasing workers" contribution to production.
D. Longer working hours.
interesting, _____.
B. they will demand shorter working hours
C. more money and shorter working hours are important
D. more money and shorter working hours will not be so important to them
B. possible factors leading to greater productivity
C. more money leads to greater productivity
D. how to make workers" jobs more interesting
B. worker
C. manager
D. physicist
a hotly debated topic.The level of public interest in Obama’s tie might seem strange but many people
believe his choice will symbolize the type of government he plans to run, as the color of a politician’s tie
is thought to convey ideas of power, trustworthiness and more.
Polities of ties
It may be the least practical item of male dress, but it is arguably the most expressive.In the UK and
many other countries around the world, conservative (保守的) politicians may wear a blue tie and their
liberal opponents a red one.In America, the colors go the other way round.The Republicans have in
recent years become associated with the color red, and the Democrats with blue.But in spite of this,
Bush wears blue ties more often than any other color.
What they mean
According to Sharon Haver, editor of focusonstyle.com, in America the feelings associated with
colors overrule their political significance.“A guy who wants to be regarded as strong and in charge
would wear red, ” Haver says.Unsurprisingly, the business tycoon Donald Trump is known for wearing
red ties.But what about blue?According to Haver, “Blue is a softer color...Look at the sky.It’s peaceful
and calm and trustworthy.”
Selecting the right tie for the right occasion
Perfect job interview tie
Perhaps no other tiewearing occasion is as important as the job interview.Gilchrist, the fashion expert,
advises playing it safe and choosing a conservative one.Best choices are solids, stripes or small patterns.
An excellent color is burgundy (深红色) or another serious color.Avoid pink or yellow, which suggests
that the wearer lacks gravity.
Pattern ties, Gilchrist suggests, should be limited to a maximum of three colors.A striped tie is a safe
choice as this is acceptable to everyone.Last, Gilchrist recommends saving the expensive “hip” tie for
those applying for glamorous creative jobs.
Datenight tie
When picking out the right tie for taking a girl out on a date, spend more time considering color than
pattern.According to studies, women are attracted to men wearing the color blue, because blue gives the
image of a “stable, faithful, constant, always there” person.So what is the worst color to wear on a date?“Flattened caterpillar (毛虫) yellowgreen, ” according to Gilchrist, “it will repel both sexes equally.”
1. Why are people interested in the tie that Obama wore to the inauguration?
A. Because they think the tie he wore will enable them to know about his personalities and policies.
B. Because they want to advise him how to select an appropriate tie for such a big occasion.
C. Because they think the tie will tell if he is trustworthy as they expected when he assumes office.
D. Because they believe the tie is an essential part of dressing to a mature politician like Obama.
2. What can we infer about Bush, the former president, from the passage?
A. He was probably liberal in his policies when he was in power.
B. He was a Republican when he served as president.
C. He wore only blue ties and had no ties of alternative colors.
D. He wanted to make himself unique by the tie that he wore.
3. The example of “the business tycoon Donald Trump” is given to________.
A. prove that color reflects people’s feelings to a certain degree
B. show that Donald is so wealthy that he can afford expensive ties
C. tell that Donald is physically strong and can handle everything
D. explain that red is a popular color, especially with businessmen
4. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the text?
A. Ties can be ignored by politicians since they are the least practical item of male dress.
B. Do choose ties carefully before dating, because it is the most important occasion.
C. Why to avoid pink or yellow ties in job interviews is that they don’t match the atmosphere.
D. The more colorful the tie is, the more likely you’ll get the job you want.
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