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For as long as humans have lived on the earth, they have made use of various forms of communication. Generally, this expression of thoughts and feelings has been in the form of oral speech. When there is a spoken language problem, communication can be carried out through sign language, in which gestures stand for letters, words, and ideas. Tourists and people unable to hear or speak have often had to turn to this form of expression. When gestures describe words or ideas, they can often be used internationally. When used for spelling words however, where each gesture stands for a single letter, people must share the same written language.
Body language sends ideas or thoughts by certain actions, either meaningfully or not. A wink can be a way of showing that the person is only joking. A nod means agreement, while shaking the head indicates disagreement.
Other forms of language can be found in Braille (a reading system of raised dots read with the fingertips used by the blind), signal flags, Morse code, and smoke signals. Road maps and picture signs also guide and warn people. While language is the most common form of communication, other systems and techniques also express human thoughts and feelings.
小题1:What does the author mainly want to say?        
A.People can communicate in many different ways.
B.Everybody uses only one form of communication.
C.Language is invaluable to foreigners.
D.Non-spoken communication is of little value.
小题2:According to the text, which part of the body can be used to show you are joking?
A.Fingers.B.Eyes.C.Head.D.Feet.
小题3:What can’t be effectively communicated by sign language when people belong to different language groups?
A.Spelling.B.Idea.C.Whole words.D.Expressions.
小题4:How many different forms of communication are mentioned in the text?
A.Three.B.Five.C.Six.D.Nine.

答案

小题1:A
小题2:B
小题3:D
解析

小题1:主旨大意题。文章主要是将人们利用各种各样的方式去交流。
小题2:细节理解题。文章的二段说“A wink can be a way of showing that the person is only joking.”。wink的意思是“眨眼”。
小题3:推理判断题。从文章内容判断,只有spelling(拼写)不能用身势语进行有效的表达。
小题4: 细节题。文章共叙述了九种交流方式,他们是:the form of oral speech,sign language,written language,Braille,signal flags,Morse code,smoke signals,Road maps and picture signs。
核心考点
试题【For as long as humans have lived on the earth, they have made use of various for】;主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
Even before World War Ⅱ ended in 1945,many world leaders dreamed of a new organization that would keep international peace and safety,and encourage international cooperation(合作).An organization was formed.The United Nations was to work to this ideal of mankind.
When the UN was founded in 1945,it was made up of fifty members.Fifteen members sat on the Security Council(安理会).Five members—the United States,the Soviet Union,Great Britain,France and China—were given,not changing membership on the Council.The Council was given the power to settle fights among nations by persuasion,mediation(调解) or other means.A General Assembly(联合国大会),which included every UN member,was also set up.The Assembly could consider,discuss,and pass resolutions(决议案).
As the UN passed its fortieth birthday in 1985,it came under increasingly sharp attack by Americans.It declared that the UN is unfit as a peace keeper and cited(援引) 130 wars since 1945 as a proof(证据).
The UN’s supporters say that the organization is the world’s best hope for peace.The UN provides,supporters also point out,much needed economic and technical help to less developed nations.
小题1:The function(功能)of the Security Council is ________.
A.to keep international peace and security and promote(促进) international cooperation
B.to consider,discuss,and pass on blinding resolutions
C.to settle disputes(争端) among nations by persuasion,mediation or other means
D.to keep international peace and security by force
小题2:Why has the UN come under increasingly sharp attack by Americans since 1985?
A.Because the UN has been unfit as a peace keeper.
B.Because 130 wars have broken out since 1945.
C.Because the US hasn’t been able to control the UN completely since 1985.
D.Because the US was not satisfied with the UN since 1985.
小题3:What do you think of the UN’s supporters’ words?
A.They are fair.B.They are unfair.
C.They are for the UN’s supporters.D.They sharply attack Americans.
小题4:The UN’s supporters ________.
A.probably belong to the third world
B.are developed countries
C.must be people from Africa and Europe
D.may not be members of the UN

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Vive la Tower!
Until New York’s Chrysler Building was completed in 1930,the Eiffel Tower was the tallest structure in the world.Located by the river Seine,on an avenue named after its designer,this 985-foot (300-meter) tower is the most famous edifice(大建筑物) in the city of Paris.Gustave Eiffel’s idea was certainly chosen from among 700 proposals(提议) to represent the city in the International Exhibition of Paris in 1889.It commemorated(纪念) the 100th anniversary of the French Revolution.

In 1887,three hundred steel workers spent two years constructing the 7 000-ton tower.Yet,it was almost torn down two decades after its completion.Luckily,its antenna(天线),used for telegraphy at the time,saved it.Last July,it looked to observers as though the tower might be destroyed after all,as ominous(不吉利的) black clouds of smoke encircled the structure.Luck was again smiling upon the tower:the fire turned out to be a small one that was quickly put out  by attendants on duty.
To date,more than 200 million people have visited the Eiffel Tower.However,it has not always been a beloved tourist attraction.At first,Parisians despised it.Its architectural style and metallic composition were not considered pleasing.Today,the Eiffel Tower is adorned(装饰) with special lights that sparkle for ten minutes each hour,from sunset until one a.m.If you happen to be passing by,look up at this breathtaking monument for an astonishing sight.The Eiffel Tower,composed of iron and steel,is greater than the sum of its parts.
小题1:If you wanted to see the Eiffel Tower sparkle,when might you stop by?
A.1:15 a.m.B.3:30 p.m.C.9:10 p.m.D.0:00 a.m.
小题2:When was the Eiffel Tower almost torn down?
A.1907.B.1909.C.1889.D.2003.
小题3:At first,what did Parisians think about the tower?
A.The steel and iron parts were unimpressive.
B.The awe-inspiring design was attracting.
C.Both A and B are correct.
D.Neither A nor B is correct.

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Canada is a very large country.It is bigger than China.China is the third largest country in the world.Canada is the second largest.It has an area of nearly 10 million sq. km. Canada has a very long coastline.To the west is the Pacific Ocean.To the east is the Atlantic Ocean.The Arctic Ocean is in the north.There are very many islands off the Pacific coast and off the Arctic coast.The biggest one in the west is Vancouver Island.In the east there is New Foundland,and in the Arctic Ocean the biggest islands are Baffin Island and Victoria Island.(Greenland is not part of Canada.It is a part of Denmark,a country in northern Europe.)
Canada has a long border with the U.S.A.in the south.In the northwest Canada borders on the American“State of Alaska”.Canada is a northern country.The Arctic Circle is (Latitude 16°N) passes through the northern part.In the south,half of the border with the U.S.A. follows line of latitude 49°N.
小题1:Which of the following statements is true?
A.U.S.A is the second largest country in the world.
B.Canada has nearly 10 million sq. km.So it is the second largest country on the earth.
C.China is as large as Canada and the second largest in the world.
D.Russia is the second largest country in the world.
小题2:What ocean is in the north of Canada?
A.The Pacific Ocean.B.The Atlantic Ocean.
C.The Indian Ocean.D.The Arctic Ocean.
小题3:There are many islands in Canada,and Vancouver Island is ________.
A.in the westB.in the east
C.in the northD.in the south

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Tourism probably started in Roman times.Rich Romans visited friends and family who were working in another part of the Roman empire.But when the empire broke down,this kind of tourism stopped.
  In the early 17th century,the idea of the“Grand Tour”was born.Rich young English people sailed across the English Channel(英吉利海峡).They visited the most beautiful and important European cities of the time,including Paris in France,and Rome and Venice(威尼斯)in Italy.Their tours lasted for two to four years,and the tourists stayed a few weeks or months in each city.The“Grand Tour”was an important part of young people’s education—but only for the rich.
  In the 18th century,tourism began to change.For example,people in the UK started to visit some towns,such as Bath to“take the waters”.They believed that the water there was good for their health.So large and expensive hotels were built in these towns.
  In the 19th century,travel became much more popular and faster.When the first railways were built in the 1820s,it was easier for people to travel between towns,so they started to go for holidays by the sea.And some started to have holidays in the countryside as cities became larger,noisier and dirtier.
  Traveling by sea also became faster and safer when the first steamships were built.People began to travel more to far away countries.
  The 20th century saw cars become more and more popular among ordinary people.Planes were made larger,so ticket prices dropped and more people used them.
  Thus tourism grew.In 1949,Russian journalist Vladimir Raitz started a company called Horizon Holidays.The company organizes everything—plane tickets,hotel rooms,even food—and tourists pay for it all before they leave home.The package tour and modern tourist industry was born.
  The first travel agency in China was set up as early as 1949.But tourism did not take off until 1978.In 2002,the industry was worth 500 billion yuan and became an important part of China’s social development.
小题1:In the early times,the travelers ________.
A.all came from Roman
B.were very young and strong
C.had lots of money
D.traveled by boat
小题2:________ played the most important role in the tourism development.
A.EducationB.MoneyC.TransportationD.People’s ideas
小题3:Modern tourism was born ________.
A.in 1949B.in Roman times
C.in the early 17th centuryD.in the 19th century
小题4:The underlined phrase“take off”means ________.
A.a plane rising into the air
B.develop very fast
C.remove hats and clothes
D.bring down the prices

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  Alexis De Tocqueville,the French political scientist,,historian,philosopher and politician.Is most famous for a four-volume book he wrote called Democracy in America.He came to America in 1831 to study the American form of democracy’and what it might mean to the rest of the world.After a visit of only nine months,,he wrote a remarkable book which is regarded as a classic.De Tocqueville had unusual powers of observation.He described not only the democratic system of government and how it operated,but also its effect on how Americans think, feel, and act, Many scholars believe he had a deeper understanding of traditional American beliefs and values than anyone else who has written about。the United States.What is so remarkable is that
many of these characteristics which he observed nearly 200years ago are still visible and
meaningful today.His observations are also important because the timing of his visit,the 1830s,was before America was industrialized.This was the era of the small farmer,the small businessman,and the settling of the western frontier.It was the period of history when the traditional values of the new country were newly established.In just a generation,some 40 years since the adoption of the U.S:Constitution.the new form of government had—already produced a society of people with unique values.He was,however,a fair observer and saw both the good and bad sides of these qualities.
The first part of Democracy m America was written in 1831—32 and published in 1835.A highly positive and optimistic account of American government and society,the book was very well received.He attempted to get a glimpse of the core of American society.all the while promoting his own philosophy:the equaling of the classes and the unavoidable depth of aristocratic(贵族的)privilege The rest of the book he labored on for four years.and in 1840 the second part was published.This was substantially more pessimistic than the first,warning of the dangers despotism (暴政)and governmental centralization,and applying his ideas and criticisms more directly to France.As a result, it was not received as well as the first part,except in England where it was highly thought of.
小题1:What is the passage primarily about?
A.Alexis De Tocqueville
B.Democracy in America
C.The progress achieved in America within about 40 years after adoption of the U.S.Constitution.
D.The influence of the book Democracy in America
小题2:What in the passage is mentioned as being truly remarkable?
A.Many of his observations are still visible and meaningful today.
B.The book was so detailed and thorough after only such a comparatively short visit.
C.That the second volume should be so pessimistic in comparison with the first.
D.De Tocqueville’s powers of observation.
小题3:Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
A.The English don’t like the French
B.The book was most important because it was the first time that American values had been
clearly documented.
C.De Tocqueville was a slow writer.
D.De Tocqueville was primarily motivated by an interest in his own country.
小题4:Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A.The visit lasted only five months.
B.The visit coincided with American industrialization.
C.The first part was published in 1835;the second part in 1840.
D.The second part was more optimistic than the first.

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