Machu Picchu is considered to be a truly extraordinary archaeological(考古学的) discovery and is one of South America’s largest tourist sites. As many as one thousand visitors visit the ancient Incan（印加文化的） ruins daily. What draws vacationers and adventurers to this remote location high in the Andes Mountains of Peru（秘鲁）? A large part of the attraction is the mysteries that surround Machu Picchu. For example, Machu Picchu is considered “the lost city” of the Incas because it was never found by Spanish invaders and was known to only a few local peasants for almost four hundred years.
The “city in the clouds”, Machu Picchu’s lasting beauty comes from the careful blending of its striking architecture with its mountaintop environment. Its greatest skill shows are in the stone structures, which equals that of the ancient Egyptians. The stone blocks were so appropriately cut that they fit together without the need for mud. The largest stones at Machu Picchu weigh as much as fifteen tons! It has been difficult to explain how the huge blocks were transported. The buildings, including many that have survived lots of earthquakes, contain stones which interlock so perfectly that a knife cannot be forced between them. When compared to other ancient civilizations, it is difficult to understand how Machu Picchu could have been missed by the Spanish and lost from history for four hundred years.
For many of the mysteries of Machu Picchu being unsolved, it is clear why Machu Picchu remains “the most famous ruins in all of South America”.
小题1:Which of the followings is NOT a mystery of Machu Picchu? | A．Machu Picchu is called the “city in the clouds”. | | B．Machu Picchu remains “the most famous ruins of South America”. | | C．Machu Picchu is “the lost city” of the Incas. | | D．Machu Picchu is the largest stone city of the world. |
小题2:The underlined word “interlock” probably means _________小题3:From the passage we can learn that __________. | A．Machu Picchu has gone through lots of earthquakes | | B．all of the mysteries of Machu Picchu have been solved | | C．the city has never been discovered by people outside | | D．Machu Picchu is the most valuable ruins in history. |
小题4:The purpose of writing the passage is to __________.| A．ask us to pay a visit to Machu Picchu | | B．show us the beauty of Machu Picchu | | C．introduce Machu Picchu’s mysteries | | D．make the ancient Incan ruins known |
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小题1:D
小题2:B
小题3:A
小题4:C |
文章是对秘鲁的马丘比丘进行了介绍，解释了为什么很多游客都喜欢到那里去旅游。
小题1:事实细节题，根据 The largest stones at Machu Picchu weigh as much as fifteen tons可知，该段只是讲有很多大石头，最大的达15吨重，并没有说它是最大的石头城。
小题2:根据后面的a knife cannot be forced between them可知，石头之间互相匹配/安装在一起非常好。
小题3:推理判断题。根据第二段The buildings, including many that have survived lots of earthquakes可知，从很多词地震中幸存了下来。
小题4:推理判断题，根据第一段和最后一段可知，马丘比丘最大的特点就是神秘，也是吸引游客的地方。 |
核心考点
试题【Machu Picchu is considered to be a truly extraordinary archaeological(考古学的) disc】；主要考察你对
题材分类等知识点的理解。
[详细]举一反三
Wilderness
“In wilderness(荒野) is the preservation of the world.” This is a famous saying from a writer regarded as one of the fathers of environmentalism. The frequency with which it is borrowed mirrors a heated debate on environmental protection: whether to place wilderness at the heart of what is to be preserved.
As John Sauven of Greenpeace UK points out, there is a strong appeal in images of the wild, the untouched; more than anything else, they speak of the nature that many people value most dearly. The urge to leave the subject of such images untouched is strong, and the danger exploitation(开发) brings to such landscapes(景观) is real. Some of these wildernesses also perform functions that humans need—the rainforests, for example, store carbon in vast quantities. To Mr.Sauven, these ”ecosystem services” far outweigh the gains from exploitation.
Lee Lane, a visiting fellow at the Hudson Institute, takes the opposing view. He acknowledges that wildernesses do provide useful services, such as water conservation. But that is not, he argues, a reason to avoid all human presence, or indeed commercial and industrial exploitation. There are ever more people on the Earth, and they reasonably and rightfully want to have better lives, rather than merely struggle for survival. While the ways of using resources have improved, there is still a growing need for raw materials, and some wildernesses contain them in abundance. If they can be tapped without reducing the services those wildernesses provide, the argument goes, there is no further reason not to do so. Being untouched is not, in itself, a characteristic worth valuing above all others.
I look forwards to seeing these views taken further, and to their being challenged by the other participants. One challenge that suggests itself to me is that both cases need to take on the question of spiritual value a little more directly. And there is a practical question as to whether wildernesses can be exploited without harm.
This is a topic that calls for not only free expression of feelings, but also the guidance of reason. What position wilderness should enjoy in the preservation of the world obviously deserves much more serious thinking.
小题1:John Sauven holds that_____.| A．many people value nature too much | | B．exploitation of wildernesses is harmful | | C．wildernesses provide humans with necessities | | D．the urge to develop the ecosystem services is strong |
小题2:What is the main idea of Para. 3?| A．The exploitation is necessary for the poor people. | | B．Wildernesses cannot guarantee better use of raw materials. | | C．Useful services of wildernesses are not the reason for no exploitation. | | D．All the characteristics concerning the exploitation should be treated equally. |
小题3:What is the author’s attitude towards this debate?| A．Objective. | B．Disapproving. | | C．Sceptical. | D．Optimistic. |
小题4:Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?CP: Central Point P: Point Sp: Sub-point(次要点) C: Conclusion |
Harvard researchers have created a tough, low-cost, biodegradable (可生物降解的) material inspired by insects" hard outer shells. The material"s inventors say it has a number of possible uses and someday could provide a more environmentally friendly alternative to plastic. The material, made from shrimp ("虾) shells and proteins produced from silk, is called "shrilk." It is thin, clear, flexible and strong.
A major benefit of the material is its biodegradability. Plastic"s toughness and flexibility represented a revolution in materials science during the 1950s and "60s. Decades later, however, plastic"s very durability (耐用性) is raising questions about how appropriate it is for one-time products such as plastic bags, or short-lived consumer goods, used in the home for a few years and then cast into a landfill where they will degrade for centuries. What is the point of making something that lasts 1,000 years?
Shrilk not only will degrade in a landfill, but its basic components are used as fertilizer(肥料), and so will enrich the soil.
Shrilk has great potential, the inventors said. Materials from which it is made are plentiful in nature, found in everything ranging from shrimp shells, insect bodies to living plants. That makes shrilk low cost, and its mass production possible should it be used for products demanding a lot of material.
Work on shrilk is continuing in the lab. The inventors said the material becomes flexible when wet, so they"re exploring ways to use it in wet environments. They"re also developing simpler production processes, which could be used for non-medical products, like for computer cases and other products inside the home. They"re even exploring combining it with other materials, like carbon fibers, to give it new properties.
小题1:Paragraph I of the passage is mainly about shritk"s_____.| A．remarkable design | B．interesting name | | C．major features | D．basic elements |
小题2:What has become a concern about plastic?| A．Using it properly. | | B．Producing it cheaply. | | C．Developing its properties quickly. | | D．Evaluating its contributions fairly. |
小题3:According to the inventors, shrilk has great potential partly because_____.| A．it can help plastic degrade | | B．it can be found in living things | | C．its mass production has been realized | | D．its raw materials are abundant in mature |
小题4:What are the inventors doing in the lab?| A．Replacing carbon fibers with shrilk. | | B．Testing ahrilk"s use in wet conditions. | | C．Making shrilk out of used household goods. | | D．Improving shrilk"s flexibility for medical purposes. |
小题5:Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?| A．Recent Progress in Environmental Protection | | B．Benefits of Insects in Scientific Research | | C．The Harm of One-time Products | | D．A Possible Alternative to Plastic |
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Death Valley, one of America’s great national parks, is a place of strange and silent beauty. As beautiful as this place is, its name provides evidence of very real danger. Death Valley is a land of beautiful yet dangerous extremes. There are mountains that reach more than 3,000 meters into the sky. There is a place called Badwater that is the lowest area of land in the Western Hemisphere. If there were water there, it would be 86 meters below the level of the ocean.
Death Valley can be dangerously cold during the winter months. Storms in the mountains can produce sudden flooding on the floor of the Valley. The air temperature during the summer has been as high as 57℃. The sun can heat the ground so that the temperature of the rocks and soil can be as high as 74℃. The extreme heat of Death Valley has killed people in the past. It will continue to kill those who do not honor this extreme climate. Death Valley does not forgive those who are not careful.
Death Valley is a good example of the violence of nature. It contains evidence of several ancient volcanoes that caused huge explosions. Evidence of one of these explosions is called Ubehebe Crater. The explosion left a huge hole in the ground almost a kilometer and a half wide.
In many areas of Death Valley it is easy to see where the ground has been pushed up violently by movement deep in the Earth. This movement has created unusual and beautiful rock formations. Some are red. Others are dark brown, gray, yellow or black. Other areas of rock look as if some huge creature violently broke and twisted the Earth to create unusual, sometimes frightening shapes.
In other parts of Death Valley there are lines in the rock that show clearly that this area was deep under an ocean for many thousands of years. Much of the Valley is flat and extremely dry. In fact, scientists believe it is the driest place in the United States.
Death Valley, part of the Great Mojave Desert, is a huge place. It extends more than 225 kilometers across the southern part of California, and across the border with Nevada.
小题1:Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?| A．The water in Badwater is 86 meters below the level of the ocean. | | B．The highest air temperature in summer can reach as high as 74℃. | | C．The ground has been pushed up violently by explosions of volcanoes. | | D．There might have been marine lives living in Death Valley. |
小题2:Why were some people killed by Death Valley?| A．Because they didn’t respect Death Valley and thus they were punished. | | B．Because it is extremely hot in summer and dangerously cold in winter. | | C．Because they were not careful enough to take with them what they needed. | | D．Because several volcanoes erupted and caused huge explosions. |
小题3:The underlined word “twisted” in Paragraph 4 most possibly mean ______.| A．bent and turned | B．created and developed | | C．built and shaped | D．changed and ruined |
小题4:The purpose of the article is to _______.| A．encourage people to visit Death Valley, a beautiful national park in America | | B．warn people not to visit Death Valley because it is quite dangerous there | | C．introduce to us readers a special national park in America, Death Valley | | D．raise money for the protection of Death Valley because it is in danger now |
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The crisis at Japan’s Fukushima Daiichi nuclear energy center caused by the terrible earthquake has raised questions about the future of the nuclear energy industry. Arjun is president of the Institute for Energy and Environmental Research in the United States. He says the disaster in Japan is historic.
This week, the chairman of America’s nuclear agency said there is little chance that harmful radiation(辐射) from Japan could reach the United States. Gregory also said America has a strong program in place to deal with earthquake threats. No new nuclear power centers have been built in the United States since 1979. That was when America’s worst nuclear accident happened at the Three Mile Island center in Pennsylvania. The accident began to turn public opinion against nuclear energy. At present, about twenty percent of electricity in the United States comes from nuclear energy.
German Chancellor Angela Merkel said Germany would close seven nuclear power centers for the time being while energy policy is reconsidered. The European Union is planning to test all centers in its twenty-seven member nations.
Developing nations are less willing to slow down the development of nuclear. China says it will continue with plans to build about twenty-five new nuclear reactors(核反应堆). And India, under a cooperation agreement with the United States, plans to spend billions on new centers in the coming years.
Nuclear reactors supply fourteen percent of global electricity. Nuclear energy is a clean resource, producing no carbon gases. But radioactive waste is a serious problem to be solved. So is the presence of nuclear power centers in earthquake areas like the one near Bushehr, lran.
小题1:We can learn from the text that America ________.| A．experienced a terrible nuclear accident 32 years ago | | B．has a strong program to deal with radiation danger | | C．depends heavily on nuclear energy to produce electricity | | D．will check all the reactors before cooperating with India |
小题2:According to the text, which country will be most likely to have a similar disaster?| A．German. | B．Iran | C．India. | D．China. |
小题3:How does the author seem to feel about the future of nuclear energy?| A．Satisfied. | B．Pleased. | C．Worried. | D．Surprised. |
小题4:The best title of the text is ______.| A．Various Opinions on Japan’s Nuclear Disaster | | B．Japan’s Disaster is Likely to Run Out of Control | | C．America Shows Great Concern for Japan’s Nuclear Crisis | | D．Japan’s Disaster Throws Doubt on Nuclear Energy Industry |
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The Voice of America began during the World War II. When Germany was broadcasting a radio program to get international 36 , American officials believed they should 37 the German broadcast with words that they thought were the facts of world events. The first VOA news report began with words in 38 . “The 39 may be good or bad, but we shall tell you the truth.” Within a week, other VOA 40 were broadcasting in Italian, French and English.
After the World War II ended in 1945, some Americans felt VOA’s 41 had to be changed, 42 the Soviet Union became enemy of America. They wanted to 43 Soviet listeners. Then VOA began broadcasting in Russian.
In the early years VOA began adding something new to its broadcast that was 44 “ Music USA”. Another new idea came along in 1959. VOA knew that many listeners did not know 45 English to completely understand its 46 English broadcast. So VOA 47 a simpler kind of English, 48 uses about 1,500 words and is spoken 49 of course, it is special English.
In the 50 of most VOA listeners, the most 51 program is the news report. News from around the world 52 into the VOA news rooms in Washington 24 hours a day. It comes from VOA reporters in 53 cities and also from other 54 like BBC. VOA writers and editors use these materials to 55 news reports, which are being broadcast in 43 languages.
| 小题1: | | A．business | B．culture | C．support | D．information |
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| 小题2: | | A．reply | B．answer | C．join | D．interrupt |
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| 小题3: | | A．same | B．short | C．English | D．German |
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| 小题4: | | A．news | B．problems | C．effects | D．opinions |
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| 小题5: | | A．stations | B．news | C．announcers | D．officials |
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| 小题6: | | A．home | B．position | C．purpose | D．results |
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| 小题7: | | A．if | B．supposing | C．considering | D．in order that |
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| 小题8: | | A．reach | B．satisfy | C．attack | D．support |
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| 小题9: | | A．known | B．reported | C．called | D．printed |
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| 小题10: | | A．American | B．British | C．standard | D．enough |
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| 小题11: | | A．normal | B．fast | C．good | D．exact |
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| 小题12: | | A．invented | B．discovered | C．taught | D．stopped |
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| 小题14: | | A．pleasure | B．course | C．opinion | D．advice |
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| 小题15: | | A．pleasure | B．course | C．opinion | D．advice |
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| 小题16: | | A．difficult | B．important | C．various | D．common |
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| 小题17: | | A．flies | B．sends | C．delivers | D．pasts |
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| 小题18: | | A．all | B．major | C．American | D．news |
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| 小题19: | | A．broadcasts | B．forms | C．newspapers | D．countries |
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| 小题20: | | A．broadcast | B．announce | C．translate | D．prepare |
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