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The question this week comes from our listener Herve Acard, who asks about the American word “OK”, which means “all right” or “acceptable”. It expresses agreement or approval. The word is used more often than any other word in the world.
Language expert Allen Walker Read said the word began as a short way of writing a different spelling of the words “all correct”. Old stories say some foreign-born people would write “all correct” as o-l-l k-o-r-r-e-c-t and spoke it as “OK”. Some people say it came from the Native American Indian tribe known as the Choctaws. The Choctaw word “okeh” means the same as the American word “OK”. Experts say early explorers in the Western America spoke the Choctaw language in the nineteenth century. The language spread across the country.
According to some people, “OK” was a way to shorten Greek words that mean everything is fine. It is also said that a railroad worker named Obadiah Kelly invented the word. He is said to have put the first letters of his names — O and K — on each object people gave him to place on the train.
Another explanation is that “OK” was invented by a political organization that supported Martin Van Buren for president in the 1800s. They called their organization the OK Club. The letters O and K were taken from the name of the town where Martin Van Buren was born — Old Kinderhook, New York.
Not everyone agrees with these explanations, but experts do agree that the word is purely American and has spread to almost every country on Earth. Yet in the United States, it is used mostly in speech. Serious writers prefer using words, such as “agree”, “approve” or “confirm” instead.
小题1:Where does the passage probably come from?
A.A newspaper.B.A textbook.
C.A radio program.D.A language magazine.
小题2:Of the following origins, which one has the same meaning as the American word “OK”?
A.The OK Club
B.The Choctaw word “okeh”
C.The word invented by Martin Van Buren
D.The short form of “all correct”
小题3:According to the passage, which statement is NOT true?
A. People disagree about the origin of “OK”.
B. “OK” is often used in formal writing in the USA.
C. The word “OK” is widely used all over the world.
D. Native American language once influenced American English.
答案

小题1:C
小题2:B
小题3:B
解析

试题分析:本文叙述了“OK”这个词的历史,对于它的来历不同的人有不同的观点,最后短文指出专家认为它是真正的美国人的语言,然后传到了地球上的各个地方。
小题1:文章出处题。根据短文开头The question this week comes from our listener Herve Acard,这个问题来自听众,所以应是收音机广播电台的节目,故选C。
小题2:细节理解题。根据The Choctaw word “okeh” means the same as the American word “OK”它们的意思是一样的,故选B。
小题3:细节理解题。根据Not everyone agrees with these explanations,一些人不同意这个解释,故选项A符合原文;has spread to almost every country on Earth.它已经被传到了世界各地,故选项C符合原文;the word began as a short way of writing a different spelling of the words “all correct”它是“all correct”的缩写,故选项D符合原文,故选B。
点评:文章出处题应从文章的内容或结构来判断其出处:报纸:前面会出现日期、地点或通讯社名称。广告:因其格式特殊,容易辨认。产品说明:器皿、设备的使用说明会有产品名称或操作方式,而药品的服用说明会告知服用时间、次数、药量等。本篇短文主要看的是开头的第一句。
核心考点
试题【The question this week comes from our listener Herve Acard, who asks about the A】;主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
THE BRONTE FAMILY
Yorkshire, England was the setting for two great novels of the 19th century. One of them is Jane Eyre written by Charlotte Bronte.
The Bronte family had three girls and a boy. Charlotte was born in 1816, Emily was born in 1818 and Anne in 1820. Their brother Branwell was born in 1817. The children wrote and told stories and walked over the hills. They grew up largely self-educated.  Branwell showed a great interest in drawing.  The girls took positions as teachers or taught children in their homes. The girls were determined to earn money for Branwell"s art education.
As children, the girls had all written many stories.  Charlotte alone wrote 22 books, each with 60 to 100 pages of small handwriting. Therefore, they turned to writing for income. By 1847, Charlotte had written The Professor; Emily, Wuthering Heights; and Anne, Agnes Grey.  After much difficulty, Anne and Emily found a publisher (出版商), but there was no interest shown in Charlotte"s book. ( It was not published until 1859. ) However, one publisher expressed an interest in seeing more of her work. Jane Eyre was already started, and she hurriedly finished it. It was accepted at once; thus each of the sisters had a book published in 1847.
Jane Eyre was immediately successful; the other two, however, did not do so well. Emily lived only a short while after the publication of her book, and Anne died in 1849.
Charlotte published Shirley in 1849, and Villette in 1853. In 1854 she married Arthur Bell Nicholls. But only a year later, she died of tuberculosis (肺结核) as her sisters had.
小题1:What did the Bronte sisters want to do for Branwell Bronte?
A.Help him write stories.
B.Help him get trained in art.
C.Teach him how to draw well.
D.Teach him how to educate himself.
小题2:We know from the text that
A.Jane Eyre was published in 1847
B.Charlotte Bronte wrote 22 books in all
C.the Bronte sisters received good education
D.the father helped his daughters with their writing
小题3:The underlined words "the other two" in Paragraph 4 refer to ________.
A.Shirley and Villette
B.The Professor and Agnes Grey
C.Agnes Grey and Wuthering Heights
D.The Professor and Wuthering Heights
小题4:What do we know about the Bronte sisters from the text?
A.Their novels interested few publishers.
B.None of them lived longer than 40 years.
C.Emily was the least successful of the three.
D.None of them had more than two books published.

题型:不详难度:| 查看答案
I have learnt a lot about Chinese life and culture while teaching in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province and found them very interesting.
First, family life is quite   1  in China. In the USA, many young people   2  home after they finish their education and start working. However, in China, it is   3  for people to live with their parents until they get married.   4 , many of my Chinese friends told me that their  5  lived with them and helped take care of them when they were children. It seems that Americans think independence is more important   6  the Chinese think family relationships are more important.
Bargaining is another   7  that I have tried to learn. In the USA, prices are   8  and you can’t ask for a lower price. However in some small Chinese stores and tourist places, you are   9  to bargain. My Chinese friends taught me to ask for 40 percent or 50 percent   10  the original price. If the salesperson doesn’t agree to my price, I should   11  to leave and he might let me come back and sell me the item. It is a skill that you have to   12  if you live in China.
Tipping hasn’t been easier to   13 . In the USA, many people in the service   14  want to get   15  money for serving customers. Tipping is not a part of Chinese culture.   16  I tried to tip a taxi driver. He looked a little   17  and refused to take the money.
In dinners, perhaps what surprises an American visitor most is that some of the Chinese hosts like to put food into the plates of their   18 . Actually, this is a   19  of true friendship and politeness. My Chinese friend told me if I didn’t want to eat it, I should just   20  the food in the plate.
小题1:
A.uniqueB.differentC.privateD.harmonious
小题2:
A.comeB.buildC.leaveD.abandon
小题3:
A.regularB.trueC.commonD.usual
小题4:
A.AlsoB.HoweverC.ThereforeD.Although
小题5:
A.parentsB.relativesC.babysittersD.grandparents
小题6:
A.whileB.sinceC.whenD.as
小题7:
A.wayB.customC.lessonD.habit
小题8:
A.madeB.agreedC.chargedD.set
小题9:
A.expectedB.taughtC.suggestedD.required
小题10:
A.upB.awayC.off D.on
小题11:
A.promiseB.pretendC.decideD.hope
小题12:
A.tolerateB.understandC.practiseD.consider
小题13:
A.adjust toB.turn toC.refer toD.stick to
小题14:
A.areaB.departmentC.branchD.industry
小题15:
A.easyB.extraC.pocketD.prize
小题16:
A.OftenB.OnceC.SometimesD.Before
小题17:
A.excitedB.satisfiedC.frightenedD.confused
小题18:
A.ownB.childrenC.neighborsD.guests
小题19:
A.signalB.markC.signD.feature
小题20:
A.leaveB.remainC.putD.taste

题型:不详难度:| 查看答案
SAS Institute 2012 rank: 1 (2011 rank: 2)
Headquarters: Cary, N.C., USA
Software company SAS climbed to the top of the global list this year, edging up from the No. 2 spot it held last year. So what makes this company so great to work for? Well, for one thing, its leaders are certainly accessible. CEO Jim Goodnight hosts monthly “Conversations Over Coffee,” unscripted breakfast meetings that are open to all employees. These conversations are so popular that other division heads have begun to hold similar events for their employees.  
Google 2012 rank: 2 (2011 rank: 4)
Headquarters: Mountain View, Calif., USA
Google moved up by two spots in this year’s ranking of global workplaces. The highly desirable tech receives 61 times as many applicants as they have existing jobs, and for good reason. Google seems to be all about coaching. The company’s “CareerGuru” program makes 43 of its senior leaders available for one-on-one, confidential career coaching sessions with other Googlers.  
Engineering employees at all levels can also get advice from “EngAdvisors”, senior engineers at Google who can discuss any number of issues, like work-life balance, conflict resolution, and performance reviews.
NetApp 2012 rank: 3 (2011 rank: 3)
Headquarters: Sunnyvale, Calif., USA
All new employees at data storage provider NetApp participate in the TOAST (“Training On All Special Things”) orientation program, which introduces new arrivals to NetApp’s senior management. The meetings are held every month and are always led by the executive team.  
Microsoft 2012 rank: 4 (2011 rank: 1)
Headquarters: Redmond, Wash., USA
As part of Microsoft’s commitment to promoting women in technology, the company established its DigiGirlz program in 2000. Microsoft hosts a series of DigiGirlz Day events where female high school students meet Microsoft employees and learn about careers in technology. In 2011, some 36 Microsoft locations across the world hosted more than 2,000 girls. Microsoft also holds DigiGirlz High Tech Camps, multi-day programs where participants get hands-on experience with technology during workshops and meet with tech executives.
小题1: What helped make SAS climb to the top of the list in 2012?
A.Accessible leaders.B.Popular divisions.
C.Qualified employees.D.Quality software.
小题2:Which statement is TRUE according to the passage?
A.Microsoft employed over 2,000 girl workers in 2011.
B.New engineering Googlers could get advice from senior Googlers.
C.All NetApp employees had to attend a special training.
D.All leaders in SAS had the same conversations with their employees.
小题3:These American companies are ranked according to _________.
A.the training program each company establishes
B.the wealth each company possesses now
C.the level of technology each of the company reaches
D.the number of people willing to work for the company

题型:不详难度:| 查看答案
Taiwan-born American director Ang Lee"s win of his second directing Oscar has sparked complex feelings among Chinese audiences, who expressed their pride due to the director"s Chinese roots, but couldn"t help but reflect on why the Chinese mainland has failed to deliver more outstanding films to the world .
Lee, 58, on Sunday accepted the Academy Award for best director for Life of Pi, a 3D adventure-drama film.Lee had won the top directing award in 2006 for Brokeback Mountain and the best foreign language film Oscar in 2001 for Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon.
Lee came to Hollywood"s attention after directing three Chinese-language films in the early 1990s, with an emphasis on the interactions between modernity and Chinese traditions.Some Web users called Lee "a source of pride for Chinese people," and admired him for bearing the torch of Chinese culture.
However, a large number of audience members and critics from the mainland expressed their frustrations over home-made movies: Mainland filmmakers have made numerous ambitious tries for the prestigious award but never won.
Hao Jie, a young director whose 2010 film Single Man won the Special Jury Prize in the Tokyo Filmex Festival but was never screened in the mainland for it showed complex sex lives in a village.
"Due to the censorship(审查), we are prevented from the beginning of our production, which forbids our works from mirroring realities," Hao said.
While acknowledging the system"s role in undermining(削弱) excellent works, Su Mu, a well-known film critic, argued that the atmosphere in the mainland"s film circle is also to blame."Lee produces his works with his heart, but most mainland directors now only have money in mind."
Though having obtained approval for his second film from the film authority, Hao said cinemas have kept delaying the screening of his work."This is another factor that prevents us from progressing. Cinemas won"t risk showing our film, which features no stars and is considered non-mainstream," complained Hao.
小题1:What does the underlined phrase “the prestigious award” refer to?
A.the Best Director of Oscar
B.any of the Oscar Awards
C.the Special Jury Prize
D.the best foreign language film Oscar
小题2:Which of the following statements is true? 
A.Ang Lee’s films are always focusing on Chinese traditions.
B.Chinese audiences are proud of their Chinese identity in the films.
C.Ang Lee has won the world’s favor only by means of his three Oscars.
D.Ang Lee is famous for his combining modernity and Chinese traditions.
小题3:Which of the following is NOT the factor that prevents Chinese mainland films’ progressing?
A.Strict censorship.
B.A lack of wonderful directors.
C.The bad atmosphere in the film circle.
D.Cinemas’ not risking showing low-cost films.
小题4:The best title for the passage is probably_____.
A.Ang Lee-Pride of Chinese Movie-makers
B.The Future of Chinese Mainland Film-making
C.Bitter-sweet Feeling over Ang Lee’s Oscar Win
D.What Can Chinese Films Do for the Oscar Awards

题型:不详难度:| 查看答案
(The Guardian)More UK universities should be profiting from ideas
  A repeated criticism of the UK"s university sector is its noticeable weakness in translating new knowledge into new products and services.
  Recently, the UK National Stem Cell Network warned the UK could lose its place among the world leaders in stem cell research unless adequate funding and legislation could be assured, despite an annual £40m spent by the Department of Health on all kinds of research.
  However, we do have to challenge the unthinking complaint that the sector does not do enough in taking ideas to market. The most recent comparative data on the performance of universities and research institutions in Australia, Canada, USA and UK shows that, from a relatively weak starting position, the UK now leads on many indicators of commercialization activity.
  When viewed at the national level, the policy interventions (interference) of the past decade have helped transformed the performances of UK universities. Evidence suggests the UK"s position is much stronger than in the recent past and is still showing improvement. But national data masks the very large variation in the performance of individual universities. The evidence shows that a large number of universities have fallen off the back of the pack, a few perform strongly and the rest chase the leaders.
  This type of uneven distribution is not strange to the UK and is mirrored across other economies. In the UK, research is concentrated: less than 25% of universities are receiving 75% of the research funding. These same universities are also the institutions producing the greatest share of PhD graduates, science citations, patents and license income. The effect of policies generating long-term resource concentration has also created a distinctive set of universities which are research-led and commercially active. It seems clear that the concentration of research and commercialization work creates differences between universities.
  The core objective for universities which are research-led must be to maximize the impact of their research efforts. Their purpose is not to generate funds to add to the bottom line of the university or to substitute other income streams. Rather, these universities should be generating the widest range of social, economic and environmental benefits. In return for the scale of investment, they should share their expertise (expert knowledge or skill) in order to build greater confidence in the sector.
  Part of the economic recovery of the UK will be driven by the next generation of research commercialization spilling out of our universities. On the evidence presented in my report, there are three dozen universities in the UK which are actively engaged in advanced research training and commercialization work.
  If there was a greater coordination(协调)of technology transfer offices within regions and a simultaneous (happening at the same time) investment in the scale and functions of our graduate schools, universities could, and should, play a key role in positioning the UK for the next growth cycle.
小题1:What does the author think of UK universities in terms of commercialization?
A.They have lost their leading position in many ways.
B.They still have a place among the world leaders.
C.They do not regard it as their responsibility.
D.They fail to change knowledge into money.
小题2:What does the author say about the national data on UK universities’ performance in
commercialization?
A.It masks the fatal weaknesses of government policy.
B.It indicates their ineffective use of government resources.
C.It does not rank UK universities in a scientific way.
D.It does not reflect the differences among universities.
小题3:We can infer from Paragraph 5 that “policy interventions (in Paragraph 4)” refers to _____.
A.concentration of resources in a limited number of universities
B.compulsory cooperation between universities and industries
C.government aid to non-research-oriented universities
D.fair distribution of funding for universities and research institutions
小题4:What dose the author suggest research-led universities do?
A.Fully use their research to benefit all sectors of society.
B.Generously share their facilities with those short of funds.
C.Advertise their research to win international recognition.
D.Spread their influence among top research institutions.

题型:不详难度:| 查看答案
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