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In the 18th century, New York was smaller than Philadelphia and Boston. Today it is the largest city in America. How can the change in its size and importance be explained?
To answer this question we must consider certain facts about geography, history, and economics. Together these three will explain the huge growth of America’s most famous city.
The map of the Northeast shows that the four areas with the largest populations in this region are around seaports. At these points materials from across the sea enter the United States, and the products of the land are sent there for export across the sea.
We know that places where transportation lines meet are good places for making raw materials into finished goods. That is why seaports often have cities nearby. But cities like New York needed more than their geographical location in order to become great industrial centers. Their development did not happen simply by chance.
About 1815, when many Americans from the east had already moved toward the west, transportation routes from the seaports to the central regions of the country began to be a serious problem. The slow wagons of that time, usually drawn by horses, were too expensive for moving heavy freight (货物) very far. In New York State a canal seemed the best answer to the transportation problem. From the eastern end of Lake Erie all the way across the state to the Hudson River there is a long strip of low land. Here the Erie Canal was built, and after several years of work it was completed in 1825.
The canal produced an immediate effect. Freight costs were cut to about one tenth of what they had been. New York City, which had been smaller than Philadelphia and Boston, quickly became the leading city of the coast. In the years that followed, transportation routes on the Great Lakes were joined to routes on the Mississippi River. Then New York City became the end point of a great inland shipping system that started from the Atlantic Ocean far up the western branches of the Mississippi.
小题1:Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A.The Development of Transportation in New York
B.Export and Import of New York
C.How New York Became America"s Largest City
D.How New York Exchanged with Europe
小题2:According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?
A.The Erie Canal connected Lake Erie with the Hudson River.
B.Economists are of the opinion that places where farming is done are good for making raw materials into finished goods.
C.Wagons drawn by horses and oxen soon proved to be better and cheaper than canal transportation.
D.The seaports usually have less population but more business.
小题3:Freight costs were reduced to 10% of what they had been because of ________.
A.cheap and fast wagonsB.the new sea routes
C.the construction of the Erie CanalD.the development of industry

答案

小题1:C
小题2:A
小题3:C
解析

试题分析 :文章在讲纽约如何成为一个大都市。
小题1:C主旨大意,本文在讲纽约如何成为大都市。
小题2:A 细节推断题 从倒数第二段From the eastern end of Lake Erie all the way across the state to the Hudson River there is a long strip of low land. Here the Erie Canal was built, and after several years of work it was completed in 1825.推断出A项正确。
小题3:C细节题 从最后一段第一句话The canal produced an immediate effect. Freight costs were cut to about one tenth of what they had been. New York City, which had been smaller than Philadelphia and Boston, quickly became the leading city of the coast推断出A项正确。
核心考点
试题【In the 18th century, New York was smaller than Philadelphia and Boston. Today it】;主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
He is a real turtle(海龟).
Someone who always moves very slowly.
She is such a sheep.
A follower; someone who can’t think for him or herself.
He’s being an ostrich(鸵鸟).
Someone who hides his/her head in the sand and refuses to face problems or reality.
He’s a lamb.
A gentle, patient, understanding person. Nice and considerate.
What a crab(蟹) he is!
A grouchy(发牢***的) person; someone who is often angry and in a bad mood.
小题1:In which of the following situations are the people acting like sheep?
A.A teenager tells a small child to stop bothering an animal.
B.A young man is driving fast because all his friends do.
C.Someone runs for monitor of the senior class in the school.
D.People are walking and singing together along the road.
小题2:If a person is like a turtle, which of these is most likely to be a problem to him or her?
A.Keeping the house clean.B.Learning a new language.
C.Getting to school on time.D.Saving money for future use.
小题3:Buddy hates to wake up on Monday morning. He doesn’t speak to his wife or children, and he often shouts at the other drivers on his way to work. Everybody stays out of his way at least until noon time. After that he’s all right. Buddy’s boss says, “ Buddy is a good guy, but on Monday morning, he’s an absolute _________.”
A.crabB.lambC.turtleD.ostrich
小题4:Jerry has not been well for weeks. He knows he has a problem but he is afraid to see a doctor .If he is sick, he doesn’t want to know about it. His wife says, “ Jerry, don’t be a(n) __________. Go to the doctor. She can help you get of your illness.
A.crabB.lambC.sheepD.ostrich

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Money and Happiness
A Guide to Living the good life
Author: Laura Rowley
Publisher: Wiley (March 1, 2005)
Laura Rowley makes us all understand the money-happiness connection in our own lives so that we spend our time and our efforts wisely. She offers insight that every reader can use to make smarter decisions that will lead to living a rich life in every possible definition of the term.
The Happiness Makeover
How to Teach Yourself to Be Happy and Enjoy Every Day
Author: M. J. Ryan
Publisher: Broadway (May 10, 2005)
Ryan’s own desire to be happier first led(引领) her to study what is known about happiness from brain science, psychology, and the wisdom traditions of the world. The Happiness Makeover draws on this wide-ranging knowledge and presents a plan that will help you:
Clear away happiness hindrances(障碍物) like worry, fear, envy, and grudges
Discover happiness boosters like meaningful work, challenge, and gratitude
Learn to think optimistically(乐观地)(it is really possible!)
Find daily ways to truly enjoy, even relish, the moments of your life Happiness
The Science Behind Your Smile
Author: Daniel Nettle
Publisher: Oxford University Press (July 1, 2005)
This is the first book to look thoroughly at what happiness is and how it works. Nettle examines whether people are basically happy or unhappy, whether success can make us happy, why some people are happier than others, and much more.
Hormones(荷尔蒙), health, and Happiness
Author: Steven F. Hotze
Publisher: Forrest Publishing (April, 2005)
Dr Steven Hotze is leading a wellness revolution that advances a new model of health care. In Hormones, Health, and Happiness you are shown how to reach and maintain optional cell, tissue(身体组织), and organ(器官) functioning so that you can enjoy a better quality of life.
小题1:At least how many books are written by women according to the passage above?
A.4B.3C.2D.1
小题2:Whose model will possibly help readers obtain health naturally(自然地)?
A.Laura RowleyB.Ryan’sC.Daniel Nettle’sD.Steven F. Hotze’s
小题3:Which book is the result of the author’s own need to know more about happiness?
A.Hormones, health, and Happiness
B.Money and Happines
C.The Happiness Makeover
D.The Science Behind Your Smile

题型:不详难度:| 查看答案
Most magazines, whether online or print, will include book reviews. However, most editors and staff writers are usually too busy to read books and review them themselves. Therefore, writing book reviews can be a great way to get started with a writing career. How do you write a great book review that will be sure to be noticed? Follow these tips to write a really interesting and unique book review.
Start with a description of the book. Many people that are reading your review may not know anything about the book you’re reviewing. Instead of making readers go find information on their own by searching for the book title, start out with a little description of the book. Make sure you avoid too long of a summary. Start with a short paragraph or so that hits all the major points but doesn’t give too much away. You don’t want to tell your readers everything about the book, because then they won’t have to read it at all. Just give enough information so your readers are interested in reading the book.
Be objective. Some magazines like to publish book reviews that are completely impersonal. This means that they want a review of the book that doesn’t share your opinion and that in which your opinion isn’t obvious from reading what you wrote. If you hated a book, it might not be a great book to review. You probably want to review books that you enjoyed. Avoid talking about how much you liked the book, however. You should not include your personal reaction to the book until the very end, where you include a sentence or two about whether or not you would recommend a book and to whom you would recommend it.
Look through a lens(镜头). A great way to get your review noticed is to look at a book through a specific lens. Read the book as a feminist(男女平等主义者)would, for example, and talk about what a feminist might say to applaud or criticize the book. You can choose any number of lenses, and feminism is just one choice. An economic lens, a family lens, the lens of a different nationality, or the lens of a child could all be interesting ways to look at a book. If you look at a book in this way, instead of just reading it and forming your own opinion, it will be much more interesting and marketable. This is especially the case if you look at a lens that relates to the subject of the magazine to which you are submitting. Feminist magazines love book reviews about books read through a feminist lens, for example, because it is appropriate to their readership.
Talk about the writer’s style. Another great way to write a book review is to talk about the writer’s style. Anyone can pick up a book and read the story, but it takes an experienced writer to note interesting things about another writer’s style and write about them intelligently. Furthermore, most people want to know if a book is easy or fun to read over whether or not the subject matter will interest them.
小题1:For what purpose is the passage written?
A.To offer tips on writing book reviews.
B.To give advice on reading books.
C.To introduce writing styles.
D.To comment on a book.
小题2:If a writer thinks a book is worth reading, he’d better state it _________________.
A.in the titleB.in the first paragraphC.as much as possibleD.at the final part
小题3:The fourth paragraph is developed mainly by __________________.
A.analyzing causesB.giving examples
C.drawing comparisonsD.telling personal experiences
小题4:Compared with ordinary readers, a skilled writer does better in _____________.
A.giving an objective description of a book
B.looking at a book through a specific angle
C.finding a book and understanding its story easily
D.paying close attention to another writer’s style

题型:不详难度:| 查看答案
The cultures of the East and the West really distinguish each other a lot. This is because the culture systems are two ______ systems on the whole.
The ______ of the eastern cultures is mainly from two countries: China and India. Both of the two cultures are gestated(孕育) by rivers. In China, the mother river is the Yellow River _____ the Indian one is the Hindu River. These two cultures were developed for several thousand years and formed their own _____. Then in Dang Dynasty of China, the Chinese culture _____ went overseas to Japan, _____ into the Japanese society and shaped the Japanese culture nowadays. Though a bit different from the Chinese one, it belongs to the same ______.
When the two mother rivers gave birth to the eastern culture, another famous culture was ______ on the Mesopotamian Plain ---- the Mesopotamian Civilization. This civilization later on developed into the cultures of the Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. And these two are well-known ______ the base of the European culture. Like the Chinese culture, the European one also ______ waters. When the colonists of England _____ in America, their culture went with them over the Atlantic Ocean. So the American culture doesn"t _______ from the European one a lot.
At the same time, the difference of the language systems _______ the cultural differences. In the East, most languages belong to the pictographic language (see the picture below) while the Western languages are mostly based on the Latin system, for example, the one I’m using to write this paper.
Other factors like human race difference counts as well. But what’s more, ______ the far distance and the steep areas between the East and West, the two cultures seldom communicate until recent centuries. So they grew up totally in their own ways with almost no ______ from the other.
小题1:
A.connectedB.separateC.ancientD.remote
小题2:
A.preservationB.developmentC.resourceD.origin
小题3:
A.ifB.untilC.whileD.as
小题4:
A.stylesB.habitsC.waysD.means
小题5:
A.hurriedlyB.slowly C.unfortunatelyD.suddenly
小题6:
A.madeB.crashedC.mixedD.applied
小题7:
A.cultureB.nationC.influenceD.system
小题8:
A.brought upB.brought outC.brought inD.brought along
小题9:
A.afterB.asC.forD.of
小题10:
A.crossedB.drunkC.swamD.plunged
小题11:
A.touched down B.put downC.got downD.settled down
小题12:
A.evolveB.judgeC.distinguishD.rise
小题13:
A.adds to B.results fromC.turns upD.takes over
小题14:
A.but forB.for allC.due to D.at all
小题15:
A.relationshipB.differenceC.interferenceD.familiarity

题型:不详难度:| 查看答案
The high cost of living in Sydney causes city parents to worry more about their children.
New research by the Financial Services Council (FSC)shows that 75% of metropolitan mums and dads say their ability to earn is important to the well-being of their kids, Tet a greater proportion(比例)of Sydney parents think children suffer emotionally by having two full-time working parents .AS a result 46%of Sydneysiders feel their Kids could be happier , against 38%of both Melbourne and regional New South Wales mums and dads.
The FSC research ,which interviewed 1200 parents across the country ,also shows 66% of Sydneysiders believe the happiness of their children would be greatly affected if they or their partner couldn’t work.
The FSC undertook the survey as part of its Lifewise campaign ,to encourage Australians to protect themselves against financial hardship.
Chairman of the Lifewise campaign John Crosswell said:“The research findings quite clearly highlight that Sydney parents prioritise (优先考虑)their ability to earn money and yet because they are so busy doing so, it seems that their ability to spend time with their family is affected .Sydney parents are dedicated to earning money but as a consequence, perhaps they don’t have the time to enjoy spending it with their family.”
In sydney ,the top factor for creating an ideal childhood is financial security ,at 92%.Fewer parents rate having a tigh-knit family(89%)or living near friends and family (85%)as important.
David and Ari Dearnley ,of North Manly ,said money pressure was hard to avoid in Sydney ,They both work and said family finances would be severely hard if one of them couldn’t
But only Mrs Dearnly has income-protection insurance, “I think that I don’t really need it yet”,Mr Dearnly ,37, said.
“I think he’s mad”,Mrs Dearnly ,also 27 ,said,“If David couldn’t work it would have a huge impact on our lifestyle.”
“Looks like I’ll be getting it tomorrow,”Mr Dearnly responded.
小题1:What is the main idea of the passage?
A.The findings of a study on how Sydney people go through financial hardship with their family
B.A survey on the factors that may have influences on Sydney children’s happy childhood
C.a survey on the relations between children’s happiness and their parents’ability to earn in Sydney
D.A comparison between Sydney people and those of other cities on their views about earning money
小题2:From the passage we can infer that        
A.Three quarters of Sydney parents think children may have emotional problems
B.less than half of Sydney parents think their children now are not as happy as they expect
C.Most Sydney parents think family finances are the only factor that impact children’s childhood
D.A bout two thirds of Sydney parents think children would be happier if they could‘t work
小题3:What does Lifewise campaign aim to?
A.Encouraging Australian people avoid the harm of financial problems
B.Helping Sydney parents find a suitable job?
C.Making Australian people improve their ability to earn
D.A ttracting Sydney people to buy insurance
小题4:According to John Crosswell, we can learn that        
A.Income-protection insurance has an impact on the lifestyle of a Sydney family
B.If moe of the parents couldn’t work their family finances will be clearly affected
C.Sydney parents are in a dilemma of devoting to work and enjoying family life
D.Sydney parents now can make a balance between their work and family life
小题5:What does “it ”underlined in the last paragraph refer to?
A.WorkB.InsuranceC.IncomeD.Pressure

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