题目
题型：不详难度：来源：
But that doesn’t have to be the outcome. Water shortages do not have to trouble the world---if we start valuing water more than we did in the past. Just as we began to appreciate petroleum more after the 1970s oil crises, today we must start looking at water from a fresh economic perspective. We can no longer afford to consider water a virtually free resource of which we can use as much as we like in any way we want.
Instead, for all uses except the domestic demand of the poor, governments should price water to reflect its actual value. This means charging a fee for the water itself as well as for the supply costs.
Governments should also protect this resource by providing water in more economically and environmentally sound (健康的) ways. For example, often the cheapest way to provide irrigation water in the dry tropics is through small-scale projects, such as gathering rainfall in depressions (凹地) and pumping it to nearby cropland.
No matter what steps governments take to provide water more efficiently, they must change their institutional and legal approaches to water use. Rather than spread control among hundreds or even thousands of local, regional, and national agencies that watch various aspects of water use, countries should set up central authorities to coordinate (调整) water policy.
小题1:What is the real cause of the potentials water crisis.
| A．Only half of the world’s water can be used. |
| B．The world population is increasing faster and faster. |
| C．Half of the world’s water resources have been seriously polluted. |
| D．Humanity has not placed enough value on water resources. |
| A．is already serious in certain parts of the world. |
| B．has been exaggerated by some experts in the field |
| C．poses a challenge to the technology of building reservoirs(水库) |
| D．is underestimated by government organizations at different levels |
| A．be reduced to the minimum | B．stimulate domestic demand |
| C．go with its real value | D．take into account the occurrences of droughts |
| A．guarantee full protection of the environment |
| B．centralize the management of water resources |
| C．increase the sense of responsibility of agencies at all levels |
| D．encourage local and regional water resources |
答案
小题1:D
小题1:A
小题1:C
小题1:B
解析
小题1:根据短文第一段描述，可知是由于人类对于水资源不够重视导致了用水危机，故选D。
小题1:根据第一段Yet occurrences of shortages and droughts (干旱) are causing famine and distress in some areas, 描述，可知选A。
小题1:根据第三段governments should price water to reflect its actual value. This means charging a fee for the water itself as well as for the supply costs.描述，可知选C。
小题1:根据短文最后一段countries should set up central authorities to coordinate (调整) water policy.描述，可知选B。
核心考点
试题【Humanity uses a little less than half the water available worldwide. Yet occurre】；主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
Some, however, such as editor and Hollywood scriptwriter John Blumenthal, blast (抨击) the use of emoticons as “infantile (幼稚的) just like the people who use them” He believes that words themselves should be enough. “If you’re being funny, happy or sad, that should be apparent (明显的) from the comment that goes before the emoticon,” he argues.
In the eyes of Blumenthal, the use of emoticons is a gender issue. “Men don’t use emoticons very much. Maybe not at all,” he said. “Teenage girls and women seem to use them a lot. Maybe there’ s an emoticon gene.”
It’s an interesting opinion, but it is not shared by all.
In an interview with The New York Times, Dacher Keltner, professor of psychology at the University of California, said that emoticons are popular because our brains are programmed “to seek out representations of humanity”. He believes that they appeal not because they are shortcuts for the lazy, but because they tap into (融入) something beyond language. They reach to our need to be with and communicate with people.
All of these arguments may be somehow valid (正确的). Each one of us will choose to communicate in our own way. I do not have much time for emoticons. I tried to use one once and felt like I was stealing into a primary school class that I had no place being in. I’d rather let my words do the talking.
Friends, however, send me messages and e-mails full of emoticons. I have no problem with this. I don’t regard any of my friends as lazy or immature (不成熟的). It’s just a question of individuality. :)
小题1:According to the article, emoticons are popular because ______.
| A．most of them look funny |
| B．they are easy for lazy people to use |
| C．they add feeling and character to a communication |
| D．a reader cannot understand a message without them |
| A．Instant Message chatters are childish. |
| B．It’s enough to use language in digital communication. |
| C．Men never use emoticons. |
| D．There is an emoticon gene in everybody. |
| A．feels he has no difficulty using emoticons |
| B．thinks emoticons don’t suit him |
| C．encourage his friends to use emoticons |
| D．believes that emoticons are suitable for everyone |
| A．Advice on language used over the Internet. |
| B．The history of emoticons. |
| C．Arguments over the use of emoticons. |
| D．Reasons for the popularity of emoticons. |
Jason Donahue, Ben Rubin and Eric Shashoua were working late nights in Brown"s business and engineering schools．They began thinking about ways to sleep better．They discovered they weren"t alone in burning the midnight oil．Around 20% of Americans get less than six hours of rest a night．
The friends imagined a smart alarm clock that could track how much time people spend in the most restorative （有回复作用的） stages of the sleep cycle: REM （rapid eye movement） and deep sleep．What would it cost to design such a thing? Five years of research, 20 employees, $14 million and a whole lot of doubting from investors a
nd scientists．Their company, Zeo, based in Newton, Mass, launched its product in June, 2009．The Zeo device uses a headband with tiny sensors （传感器） that scan your brain for signs of four sleep states- REM, light, deep and waking sleep．The smart alarm clock displays a graph of your sleep pattern and wakes you as you"re not in REM sleep （which is when you"re least groggy）．In the morning you can upload the data to the company"s Web site, and so track your sleep over time．Most of the feedback comes in the form of Zeo"s ZQ score showing how well you"ve slept．
"Zeo allows people to unlock this black box of sleep," says Dave Dickinson, a health-care CEO．
Whether any of this actually improves sleep is up to the consumer, who will also need to make lifestyle changes like cutting out alcohol before bedtime or caffeine after 3 pm．
For now the company is selling Zeo online only．Dickinson also plans to spread it to countries such as Australia, where sleep deprivation approaches US levels．
小题1:Who will support Zeo?
| A．People full of imagination． | B．People suffering sleeping problems． |
C．P eople having access to the Internet． | D．People having bad lifestyles． |
| A．To wake them up on time in the morning． |
| B．To earn enough money for their study． |
| C．To improve the quality of people"s sleep． |
| D．To enjoy their life while working at night． |
| A．spent much time and money | B．were widely supported by scientists |
| C．worked by themselves all the time | D．attracted many investors |
| A．Zeo has a direct effect on users" lifestyles． |
| B．It needs more personal efforts to make Zeo function better． |
| C．A large quantity of Zeo devices have been sold in Australia． |
| D．Consumers can go to the Zeo company to purchase Zeo in person． |
The rapid spread of Facebook, which has more than 500 million users worldwide, has prompted concerns about its negative effects, but researchers at the University of Texas have reached a different conclusion．
"Our findings suggest that Facebook is not replacing face-to-face interactions between friends, family and colleagues," said S．Craig Watkins, an associate professor of radio, TV and film who headed the research team．
"In fact, we believe there is sufficient evidence that social media afford opportunities for new expressions of friendship, intimacy and community．"
The researchers questioned 900 college students and recent graduates about how and with whom they interact on Facebook．
More than 60 percent of Facebook users said posting status updates was among the most popular activities, followed by 60 percent who wrote comments on their profile and 49 percent who posted messages and comments to friends．
The researchers also found that although about the same number of men and women use Facebook, they do so in different ways．
"There is a noteworthy difference in aims in how to use a tool like Facebook．We found that for women the content tends to be more affectionate, and （they） are especially interested in using it for connection," said Watkins．
"For men, it"s more functional," he added．
Watkins pointed out that, for example, women are more likely to post pictures of social gatherings with friends, while men are more likely to post pictures of hobbies, or post a political or pop-culture related link．
小题1:What"s the popular viewpoint of ordinary people about the function of social media websites? They think ____．
| A．It is positive to personal ties |
| B．It has negative effects on personal ties |
| C．It makes no difference to personal ties |
| D．It has both good and bad effects to personal ties |
| A．resulted from | B．had | C．showed | D．produced |
| A．create new expressions of friendship " |
| B．wrote comments on their profile |
| C．update their personal statuses |
| D．post messages and comments to friends |
| A．Men concentrate more on the functions of Facebook |
| B．Much more men use Facebook than women |
| C．Men and women use a tool like Facebook for the same aim |
| D．Facebook is taking the place of face-to-face interactions between friends |
Probably not. But that’s what kids in Yemen are experiencing. Experts said Yemen is going to be the first country in the world to run out of water. According to a report, the capital, Sanaa, will run out of drinking water as early as 2025.
Because of the shortage, the government often cuts the water supply. Hannan, an 18-year-old from Lahej, told the Times: “In a good week we’ll have a water supply all week. But then the following week there will be water only for a day or two.”
Hannan said only rich people have enough water to use. They can buy water from the shops or from the water truck. Private companies own the trucks. They travel around the city every day to sell water – at very high prices.
“A lot of people can’t afford it,” she said.
The average person in Yemen uses 100 to 200 cubic meters of water per year. That is far below the international water poverty line of 1,000 cubic meters.
The government is thinking of making use of seawater. But it will cost a lot and it may not happen soon enough to help the people of Yemen.
小题1:The purpose of the text is to _______.
| A．tell us what life is like in Yemen |
| B．draw our attention to water shortage |
| C．remind us how important water is |
| D．show us ways of solving problems |
| A．buying water from shops |
| B．drinking dirty water |
| C．suffering from water shortage |
| D．washing clothes with used water |
| A．what her life is like |
| B．how beautiful Lahej is |
| C．how people use water fully |
| D．how heavy the traffic in Lahej is |
| A．has found a practical solution |
| B．only cares about rich people |
| C．may try to make use of seawater |
| D．can do nothing about the water supply |
| A．Sanaa will run out of water in 10 years |
| B．Hannan is a teenager from a rich family |
| C．the capital of Yemen is developing fast |
| D．private companies make a lot of money |
The women were asked questions measuring their beliefs or ideas about the future. The researchers attempted to identify each woman’s personality eight years after gathering the information.
The study found that hopeful individuals were 14% less likely than other women to have died from any cause. The hopeful women were also 30% less likely to have died from heart disease after the eight years.
Hilary Tindle from the University of Pittsburgh in Pennsylvania was the lead author of the report. She said the study confirmed earlier research that linked optimistic feelings to longer life.
The researchers also gathered information about people’s education, financial earnings, physical activity and use of alcohol or cigarettes. Independent of those things, the findings still showed that optimists had less of a chance of dying during the eight-year period.
Some women who answered the questions were found to be hostile (怀敌意的), or highly untrusting of others. These women were 16% more likely to die than the others. They also were 23% more likely to die of cancer.
The study also found women who were not optimistic were more likely to smoke and have high blood pressure or diabetes. They were also more likely not to exercise.
Tindle says the study did not confirm whether optimism leads to healthier choices, or if it actually affects a person’s physical health. She also says the study does not prove that negative (消极的) emotions or distrust lead to bad health effects and shorter life. Yet there does appear to be a link that calls for more research.
小题1:In which part of a newspaper can you read the above passage?
| A．Nation | B．Opinion |
| C．Science | D．Business |
| A．decide who is more likely to enjoy a happier life |
| B．find out the link between personality and health |
| C．gather information for the National Institutes of Health |
| D．compare each woman’s personality changes |
| A．Negative emotions cause a shorter life indeed. |
| B．There may be some link between personality and health. |
| C．It’s uncertain whether optimism affects one’s health. |
| D．The more optimistic you are, the longer life you may enjoy. |
| A．A woman who always doubts what others say. |
| B．A woman who doesn’t exercise. |
| C．A woman with high blood pressure. |
| D．A woman with poor physical health. |
| A．Unfair. | B．Useless. | C．Necessary. | D．Reliable. |
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