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You may not pay much attention to your daily elevator ride. Many of us use a lift several times during the day without really thinking about it. But Lee Gray, PhD, of the University of North Carolina, US, has made it his business to examine this overlooked form of public transport. He is known as the “Elevator Guy”.
“The lift becomes this interesting social space where etiquette (礼仪) is sort of odd (奇怪的),” Gray told the BBC. “They [elevators] are socially very interesting but often very awkward places.”
We walk in and usually turn around to face the door. If someone else comes in, we may have to move. And here, according to Gray, liftusers unthinkingly go through a set pattern of movements. He told the BBC what he had observed.
He explained that when you are the only one inside a lift, you can do whatever you want – it’s your own little box.
If there are two of you, you go into different corners, standing diagonally (对角线地) across from each other to create distance.
When a third person enters, you will unconsciously form a triangle. And when there is a fourth person it becomes a square, with someone in every corner. A fifth person is probably going to have to stand in the middle.
New entrants to the lift will need to size up the situation when the doors slide open and then act decisively. Once in, for most people the rule is simple – look down, or look at your phone.
Why are we so awkward in lifts?
“You don’t have enough space,” Professor Babette Renneberg, a clinical psychologist at the  Free University of Berlin, told the BBC. “Usually when we meet other people we have about an arm’s length of distance between us. And that’s not possible in most elevators.”
In such a small, enclosed space it becomes very important to act in a way that cannot be construed (理解) as threatening or odd. “The easiest way to do this is to avoid eye contact,” she said.
小题1:The main purpose of the article is to _____.
A.remind us to enjoy ourselves in the elevator
B.tell us some unwritten rules of elevator etiquette
C.share an interesting but awkward elevator ride
D.analyze what makes people feel awkward in an elevator
小题2:According to Gray, when people enter an elevator, they usually _____.
A.turn around and greet one another
B.look around or examine their phone
C.make eye contact with those in the elevator
D.try to keep a distance from other people
小题3:Which of the following describes how people usually stand when there are at least two people in an elevator?

小题4:The underlined phrase “size up” in Paragraph 7 is closest in meaning to _____.
A.judgeB.ignoreC.put up withD.make the best of
小题5:According to the article, people feel awkward in lifts because of _____.
A.someone’s odd behaviors
B.the lack of space
C.their unfamiliarity with one another
D.their eye contact with one another

答案

小题1:B
小题2:D
小题3:C
小题4:A
小题5:B
解析

试题分析:本文作者叙述了乘坐电梯的人的礼仪,由于电梯的空间小,人们进去之后如果有两个人就各自站一个角,如果有三个人人们往往就站成对角线,如果是四个人他们就站在四个角,五个人时那个人就站在中间,彼此之间都常常保持一定的距离,避免眼的接触,有的人向下看或者玩弄手机。
小题1:作者意图题。根据The lift becomes this interesting social space where etiquette (礼仪) is sort of odd (奇怪的),” Gray told the BBC. “They [elevators] are socially very interesting but often very awkward places.及短文的大意可知告诉我们一些电梯不成文的礼仪,故选B。
小题2:细节理解题。根据If there are two of you, you go into different corners, standing diagonally (对角线地) across from each other to create distance.试图彼此之间要保持一定的距离,故选D。
小题3:细节理解题。根据when there is a fourth person it becomes a square, with someone in every corner. 当有四个人在电梯中的时候经常这四个人各站一个角,故选C。
小题4:词义猜测题。根据when the doors slide open and then act decisively需要及时判断情况找好自己的位置,故选A。
小题5:细节理解题。根据Why are we so awkward in lifts? “You don’t have enough space,” 因为没有足够的空间,故选B。
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核心考点
试题【You may not pay much attention to your daily elevator ride. Many of us use a lif】;主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
In some cities, workaholism(废寝忘食工作)is so common that people don’t consider it unusual. They accept the lifestyle as   26 .  Government
workers in Washington, D. C.,   27 , frequently work sixty to seventy hours a week. They don’t do this because they have to; they do it because they   28  to. Workaholism can be a   29  problem. Because true workaholics would rather work than do anything else, they   30  have no idea of how to relax; that is, they might not   31  movies, sports, or other types of entertainment. Most of all, they   32  to sit and do nothing. The lives of workaholics are usually stressful, and this tension(紧张)and worry can cause   33  problems such as heart attacks and stomach diseases.    34  , typical workaholics don’t pay much attention to their families. Their marriages may end in   35  as they spend little time with their families.
Is workaholism   36  dangerous? Perhaps not. There are, certainly, people who work   37  under stress. Some studies show that many workaholics have great energy and interest in work. They feel   38  is so pleasurable that they are actually very happy. For most workaholics, work and entertainment are the same thing. Their jobs   39  them with a challenge; this keeps them busy and creative.
  40  do workaholics enjoy their jobs so much? There are several  41  to work. Of course, it provides people with paychecks, and this is important. But it offer  42  financial security. It provides people with self-confidence; they have a feeling of satisfaction   43  they have produced a challenging piece of work and are able to say “I   44  it”. Psychologists claim that their work gives people an identity(自身价值). After they take part in work, they    45  a sense of self and individualism.
小题1:
A.strangeB.boring C.pleasant D.normal
小题2:
A.for example B.on the other handC.what’s more D.after all
小题3:
A.agreeB.promise C.dare D.want
小题4:
A.slightB.serious C.obvious D.difficult
小题5:
A.stillB.probably C.certainly D.mostly
小题6:
A.afford B.enjoy C.watch D.allow
小题7:
A.dream B.decideC.intend D.hate
小题8:
A.physical B.cultural C.social D.mental
小题9:
A.Therefore B.However C.AnywayD.Besides
小题10:
A.happiness B.silence C.failure D.surprise
小题11:
A.sometimes B.always C.seldom D.hardly
小题12:
A.sadly B.differently C.efficiently D.slowly
小题13:
A.study B.family C.life D.work
小题14:
A.equip B.pack C.provide D.fill
小题15:
A.When B.Why C.How D.Where
小题16:
A.factors B.advantages C.steps D.ways
小题17:
A.no more B.more or lessC.no more than D.more than
小题18:
A.when B.before C.unless D.until
小题19:
A.valued B.failed C.caught D.made
小题20:
A.give B.lose C.get D.need

题型:不详难度:| 查看答案
The very first capsule hotel to be opened in Shanghai has attracted many budget travelers with its prices, even though it is not fully operational yet.
The hotel consists of 68 "capsules", each 1.1-meters high, 1.1-meters wide and 2.2-meters long. The basic rate is 28 Yuan ($4.22) per person, plus an additional 4 Yuan an hour. The hotel also offers a package of 68 Yuan for 10 hours and 88 Yuan for 24 hours.
All of the capsules are imported from Japan where capsule hotels originated,and each is equipped with independent sockets, clocks, lights, TV and wireless Internet service. The hotel also has a public lavatory(洗手间),shower room, smoking room and shared guest room.
"This is a huge bargain compared with other budget hotels in Shanghai," said Ta Zan, the owner of the hotel. Ta used to stay at capsule hotels in Tokyo during his undergraduate years and worked at a capsule hotel while he was doing his MBA in Japan in 2005, so he knows how they work and how to make guests feel comfortable.
He based the hotel on capsule hotels in Japan but he has made some special changes based on Chinese guests" habits. "In Japan capsule hotels are usually equipped with bathtubs, but in China people are more willing to take a shower, so we have the shower room," he said. He has also separated the capsules into three snoring (打鼾的) zones so that guests who often snore won"t disturb others. Like most of capsule hotels in Japan, the one in Shanghai is for men only.
But the idea of staying in such a compact space is not appealing to everyone. "I feel the idea is like putting a person in a coffin (棺材), and the price is also not that appealing. A bed at a youth hostel in Shanghai costs about 60 Yuan per night," said Wang Lei, a student from Beijing.
小题1:The first capsule hotels in the world appeared in        .
A.ShanghaiB.Japan C.BeijingD.America
小题2:If you stay in the capsule hotel in Shanghai for 8 hours, you will have to pay      yuan.
A.28B.60C.68D.88
小题3:What does the underlined word "compact" mean?
A.DearB.Cheap.C.Close. D.Clean.
小题4:The capsule hotel in Shanghai differs from those in Japan in that          .
A.it serves men as well as women
B.its capsule is much larger
C.it has a shower room
D.it has no snoring zones
小题5:We can know from the passage that           .
A.everybody considers the capsule hotel a nice place to stay
B.all the capsules of the hotel were made in China
C.each capsule of the hotel has a private lavatory
D.no guest has ever stayed in the capsule hotel in Shanghai

题型:不详难度:| 查看答案
Fun is, in fact , a word heard far more frequently in families today than in the past , when “duty”and “responsibility ”were often the words used.Parents today are more youthful in appearance and attitudes. Their clothes and hair-styles are more casual, helping to bridge the divide. Those who are athletically inclined also enjoy Rollerblading, snowboarding, and rock-climbing with their children.
For the past three years, Kathy and Phil Dalby have spent at least one evening a week at a climbing gym with their three children. "It"s great to be able to work together," Mrs Dalby says. "We discuss various climbs and where the hard parts are. Sometimes that leads to other Conversations. We"re definitely closer."
A popular movement of parent effectiveness training in the 1970s has helped to reshape generational roles. The philosophy encourages children to describe their feelings about various situations. As a result, says Robert Billingham, a family-studies professor at Indiana University, "Parents and children began talking to each other in ways they had not before."
On the plus side, he adds, these conversations made parents realize that children may have important thoughts or feelings that adults need to be aware of.
But Professor Billingham also sees a downside: Many parents started making decisions based on what their child wanted. "The power shifted to children. Parents said, "I have to focus on making my child happy", as opposed to "I have to act as a parent most appropriately"."
Other changes are occurring as the ranks of working mothers grow.  Time-short parents encourage children"s independence, making them more responsible for themselves. "They"ll say, "We trust you to make the right decisions" (whether they"re ready to assume the responsibility or not) ,"says Billingham.
The self-esteem movement of the past quarter-century has also affected the family dynamics (原动力). Some parents worry that if they tell their child no, it will hurt the child"s self-esteem.
小题1:What"s the trend in parent-child relationship mentioned in the passage?
A.Parents are chasing after fashion and ignoring the feelings of their children.
B.More parents and children are sharing the same enthusiasm for a certain sport.
C.Parents are taking more responsibility and setting more limits for their children.
D.The generation gap is narrowing and parents are respecting their children"s thoughts more.
小题2:Which of the following has NOT contributed to the change in the parent-child relationship?
A.Younger parents.B.Parent effectiveness training.
C.More working mothers.D.The self-esteem movement.
小题3:What"s the best title for the text?
A.Parents and Children as Friends.
B.Parents and Professors as Debaters.
C.Growing Mutual Understanding.
D.Disappearing Responsibility.

题型:不详难度:| 查看答案
Children"s lives have changed greatly over the last 50 years.But do they have a happier childhood than you or I did?
It"s difficult to look back on one"s own childhood without some element of nostalgia(怀旧的).I have four brothers and sisters, and my memories are all about being with them.Playing board games on the living room floor, or spending days in the street with the other neighborhood children, racing up and down on our bikes, or exploring the nearby woods.My parents scarcely appear in these memories, except as providers either of meals or of severe blame after some particularly risky adventure.
These days, in the UK at least, the nature of childhood has changed dramatically.Firstly, families are smaller, and there are far more only children.It is common for both parents to work outside the home and there is the feeling that there just isn"t time to bring up a large family, or that no one could possibly afford to have more than one child.As a result, today"s boys and girls spend much of their time alone.Another major change is that youngsters today tend to spend a huge amount of their free time at home, inside.More than anything this is due to the fact that parents worry far more than they used to about real or imagined dangers, so they wouldn"t dream of letting their children play outside by themselves.
Finally, the kind of toys children have and the way they play is totally different.Computer and video games have replaced the board games and more interesting activities of my childhood.The irony(令人啼笑皆非的事情) is that so many ways of playing games are called "interactive”.The fact that you can play electronic games on your own further increases the sense of loneliness felt by many young people today.
Do these changes mean that children today have a less relaxing childhood than I had? I personally believe that they do, but perhaps every generation feels exactly the same.
小题1:What is the purpose of the direct question given in the first paragraph?
A.To show who the passage is written for
B.To gather people"s opinions on childhood
C.To compare the childhood lives of two generations
D.To get people"s attention and lead in the topic
小题2:Which is NOT a reason for the changes?
A.Families are smaller today
B.Toys can be played by children alone at home
C.It"s too dangerous to play outside
D.Parents worried too much about their children
小题3:What has the writer focused on in the fourth paragraph?
A.Some games that young people play today aren"t really good
B.Computer and video games have replaced the board games
C.Young people today shouldn"t play electronic games
D.Board games are much more interesting than computer games
小题4:The writer"s attitude towards the childhood changing is _____.
A.approvingB.objectiveC.unconcernedD.optimistic

题型:不详难度:| 查看答案
People are being lured (引诱)onto Facebook with the promise of a fun, free service without realizing they"re paying for it by giving up their personal information. Facebook then attempts to make money by selling their data to advertisers that want to send targeted messages.
Most Facebook users don"t realize this is happening. Even if they know what the company is up to, they still have no idea what they"re paying for Face book because people don"t reallyknow what their personal data is worth.
The biggest problem, however, is that the company keeps changing the rules. Early on, you keep everything private. That was the great thing about facebook-you could create your own little private network. Last year, the company changed its privacy rules so that many things— your city, your photo, your friends" names—were set, by default(默认)to be shared with every one on the Internet.
According to Facebook"s vice-president Elliot Schrage, the company is simply making changes to improve its service, and if people don"t share information, they have a "less satisfying experience".
Some critics think this is more about Facebook looking to make more money. In original business model, which involved selling ads and putting them at the side of the pages totally. Who wants to look at ads when they"re online connecting with their friends?
The privacy issue has already landed Facebook in hot water in Washington. In April. Senator Charles Schumer called on Facebook to change its privacy policy. He also urged the Federal Trade Commission to set guidelines for social-networking sites. "I think the senator rightly communicated that we had not been clear about what the new products were and how people could choose to use them or not to use them," Schrage admits.
I think that whatever Facebook has done so far to invade our privacy, it"s only the beginning. That is why I"m considering deactivating(撤销)my account. Facebook is a handy site, but I"m upset by the idea that my information is in the hands of people I don"t trust. That"s too high a price to pay.
小题1:Why do people give their personal information to Facebook according to Paragraph 1?
A.Because they can get some money from Facebook.
B.Because their information is not important.
C.Because they are promised to have a fun and free service.
D.Because they can also get other people"s information.
小题2:What does the author say about most Facebook users?
A.They are unwilling to give up their personal information.
B.They don"t know their personal data enriches Facebook.
C.They don"t identify themselves when using the website.
D.They care very much about their personal information.
小题3:Why does Facebook make changes to its rules according to Elliot Schrage?
A.To give better service to its users.B.To obey to the Federal guidelines.
C.To improve its users" connection.D.To expand its business.
小题4:Why does Senator Charles Schumer support publicly?
A.Setting guidelines for advertising on websites.
B.Banning the sharing of users" personal information.
C.Making regulations for social-networking sites.
D.Removing ads from all social-networking sites.

题型:不详难度:| 查看答案
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