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Endless playing of songs like All I Want For Christmas in shops during the festive season doesn’t just drive us mad—the songs also make us more careless with our money, research has warned.
While repeated performance of Jingle Bells may seem like an innocent attempt to raise customers’ spirits during the nightmare of Christmas shopping, the songs also have a more delicate impact.
“Background music, or ‘muzak’, can be used by marketers to impose cultures—such as the commercialization of Christmas—onto consumers and influence their behaviour, ”experts said.
Dr. Alan Bradshaw of Royal Holloway, University of London, said, “Festive jingles are force-fed to Christmas shoppers in a bid to change their mood, influence their sense of time and what sort of products they buy. In other words, this is an attempt to control your shopping habits in a way that you might hardly be aware of.”
“Often we are told that we have the freedom to choose where we want to shop, but during Christmas the use of music in this way is so common that our freedom to choose disappears.”
Dr. Bradshaw and Prof Morris Holbrook of Columbia University examined the phenomenon and found that retailers often “dumb down” the music played in shops to relax customers, meaning it is easier to control their behaviour.
It is thought that slowing down the rhythm of music in shops can trick customers into thinking less time has passed, and therefore spend more time examining the shelves, for example.
Some providers of background music have been known to promote their services by claiming they can boost profits by controlling the behaviour of customers.
“A common trick is to take a popular current song and record an instrumental version which can be slowed down or sped up at different time of the day to influence behaviour in different ways,” Dr Bradshaw said.
Background music is often classed as “Muzak” in honor of the Seattle-based company which began producing its soft-sounding melodies in the 1930s.
小题1:According to Dr. Bradshaw, in what ways does Christmas music influence customers?
①their mood ②their income ③their sense of time ④the sort of products they buy
A.①②③B.①③④C.②③④D.①②④
小题2:Shopkers slow down the rhythm of music in shops to__________.
A.let customers spend more time shopping
B.make customers and sales assistants relaxed
C.let customers enjoy the beautiful music
D.help customers find what they really want
小题3:What kind of music is now often adapted to influence customers in shops?
A.Classical music.B.Popular modern songs.
C.Folk songs.D.Jazz music.

答案

小题1:B
小题2:A
小题3:B
解析

试题分析:圣诞节期间商店里不断播放的圣诞歌曲不但让我们情绪高涨,而且还会在无形中刺激我们的购物***。
小题1:考查细节理解。根据第四段内容Festive jingles are force-fed to Christmas shoppers in a bid to change their mood, influence their sense of time and what sort of products they buy.可知,这些喜庆的歌曲,会改变圣诞购物者的心情,影响他们的时间概念和他们购买的产品种类,①③④都是对的,故选B。
小题2:考查细节理解。根据第七段内容It is thought that slowing down the rhythm of music in shops can trick customers into thinking less time has passed, and therefore spend more time examining the shelves,可知,放慢商店里的音乐节奏能让顾客误以为时间过得更慢,这样顾客可能就会花更多时间来仔细查看货架上的商品。故选择A项。
小题3:考查细节理解。根据文章倒数第二段A common trick is to take a popular current song and record an instrumental version….可知,一个常见的诀窍是把当前的热门歌曲拿来录制器乐版,可以在一天当中的不同时段放慢或加快音乐节奏,从而对顾客的行为产生不同的影响。故选择B项。
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试题【Endless playing of songs like All I Want For Christmas in shops during the festi】;主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
“Hey, little boy, will you support me when I’m getting old?” Wang Wenshan, 35, asked his newborn baby as he picked him up at home.
The Chinese tradition of raising sons to support parents in their old age has been weakened by the rapidly growing economy and improving standard of living. As is the case with more and more developed countries, China faces an aging society. People are living longer and having fewer children. Therefore, many Chinese families are falling into a 4-2-1 family pattern: a couple raises one child and supports four elderly parents. But few realize that a problem is likely to happen ahead.
The aging of the population is a trend that now affects a growing number of countries. Not long ago, the Information Office of the State Council, China’s cabinet, issued a white paper on measures China is taking to help its elderly population. The paper said China’s population entered the aging period at the end of the 20th century and the proportion of people aged 60 and above accounted for over 10 percent of the entire population. By the end of 2005, China had nearly 144 million people over 60, accounting for 11 percent of population, according to the white paper.
An expanding aged population inevitably means that many issues must be settled, as the problem concerns every aspect of society. It puts more pressure on each family, causing disturbing economic consequences and serious social problems. It also challenges the labor force supply and the pension system.
“I used to think that it’s not an issue for me to provide for the aged,” said Wang, whose parents and parents-in-law all enjoy pensions and medical insurance. But last year Wang’s father suffered a serious illness and afterward Wang began to feel the pressure on his shoulders.
After his father recovered, Wang opened bank accounts for each parent and deposited some money into the account every month to prepare for future uncertainties. In addition, he has to save money every month to provide for his son’s future education. “I’m now breaking my back working to support my family: saving pensions for the parents, my son’s education funds, and living costs.”
Wang also bought some commercial old-age insurance for himself. “We have to take precautions before it is too late, and many of my colleagues share the same view,” he said.
小题1: Which of the following is not caused by an aging society?
A.Social problem
B.The problem of the pension system
C.More pressure on the family
D.Unemployment
小题2:From the passage, we can infer _______
A.the aging people problem is one of the concerns for the Chinese government
B.China will encourage young couples to have more than one child
C.many people have realized the problem of aging society
D.children will not support their parents in an aging society
小题3:Which of the following can be used to replace the underlined word inevitably?
A.SurprisinglyB.CertainlyC.HopefullyD.Unluckily
小题4:Form the text we can see that _______
A.China is the only country to face an aging society
B.Most of the developing countries face an aging society
C.countries with a large population face an aging society
D.more and more developed countries face an aging society

题型:不详难度:| 查看答案
Could the Internet be totally free and should it be? Should the Internet be regulated? The recent disorder in the Arab world ____ by a disputed (有争议的) video damaging the image of Prophet (先知) Muhammad shows the United States, which is busy ____ global Internet freedom, has paid a huge price ____ the lives of its diplomats.
In an unregulated Internet world, cheating, violence or rumors can ____ serious consequences. Many countries across the world are periodically suffering from “rumors” ____ by the Internet and social media.
The US-led West always promotes Internet freedom and ____ any regulation as investigation, but it should think twice if it calculates the heavy price that has been and has to be paid for “____”. Moreover, ____ the Internet in the West ____ to be free, with no obvious ____ and no limited sites, isn’t the structure of the main pages already hand-controlled, with selected press agencies and ____ occupying clearly dominating (显著的) positions?
The Internet has helped fight injustice, ____ corruption in places so far apart as Indonesia, India and Latin America. But the Internet could be extremely ____ as well. Various racist or separatist organizations are using their Internet sites to fan ____. Those who are spreading hate are frequently using the Internet as their tool. No country can ____ to make the Internet absolutely free.
The question is how to keep free flow of information ____ while protecting children from unhealthy works, common citizens from ____ rumors and countries from unfair and damaging propaganda (宣传) attacks. And who sets the limits?
The ____ is that there will never be a perfect system. Every country will have to ____ its own system, based on its culture, social ____ and the degree of danger it’s facing.
小题1:
A.ledB.causedC.damagedD.attacked
小题2:
A.helpingB.processingC.promotingD.improving
小题3:
A.forB.atC.withD.off
小题4:
A.bringB.reachC.fetchD.take
小题5:
A.spreadB.exposedC.deliveredD.passed
小题6:
A.supportsB.followsC.opposesD.dislikes
小题7:
A.freeB.accessibleC.availableD.healthy
小题8:
A.as ifB.even ifC.so thatD.in that
小题9:
A.happensB.intendsC.offersD.appears
小题10:
A.interruptionB.interferenceC.defenceD.preference
小题11:
A.programsB.substancesC.channelsD.sources
小题12:
A.uncoverB.strikeC.preventD.avoid
小题13:
A.beneficialB.usefulC.sensitiveD.destructive
小题14:
A.expressionsB.impressionsC.passionsD.affections
小题15:
A.refuseB.affordC.failD.attempt
小题16:
A.unpollutedB.unskilledC.unoccupiedD.uninterrupted
小题17:
A.evilB.meaningfulC.untrueD.effective
小题18:
A.importanceB.conclusionC.descriptionD.possibility
小题19:
A.developB.inventC.changeD.study
小题20:
A.trendsB.structureC.surroundingsD.factors

题型:不详难度:| 查看答案
In some urban centers, workaholism is so common that people do not consider it unusual.They accept the lifestyle as normal.Government workers in Washington D.C., for example, frequently work sixty to seventy hours a week.They do this because they have to; they do it because they want to.
Workaholism can be a serious problem.Because true workaholics would rather work than do anything else, they probably don"t know
how to relax; that is, they might not enjoy movies, sports, or other
types of entertainment.Most of all, they hate to sit and do nothing.The lives of workaholics are usually stressful, and this tension and worry can cause health problems such as heart attacks or stomach ulcers.In addition, typical workaholics don"t pay much attention to their
families.They spend little time with their children, and their marriages may end in divorce.
Is workaholism always dangerous? Perhaps not.There are, certainly, people who work well under stress.Some studies show that many workaholics have great energy and interest in life.Their work is so pleasurable that they are actually very happy.For most workaholics, work and entertainment are the same thing.Their jobs provide them with a challenge; this keeps them busy and creative.
Why do workaholics enjoy their jobs so much? There are several advantages to work.It provides people with paychecks, and this is important.But it offers more than financial security It provides people with self-confidence; they have a feeling of satisfaction when they have produced a challenging piece of work and are able to say," I made that." Psychologists claim that work gives people an identity; by working, they get a sense of self and individualism.In addition, most jobs provide people with a socially acceptable way to meet others.
小题1:A workaholic is a person who____.
A.tends to work long hours
B.behaves in a strange way
C.has to do many social jobs
D.holds high social positions
小题2:What can be the problem of workaholism?
A.Being late.
B.Being lazy.
C.Being hopeless.
D.Being unhealthy.
小题3:According to some studies, most workaholics           .
A.live a hard life
B.regard work as something enjoyable
C.like to be under stress
D.are good at both work and entertainment
小题4:What are the advantages one can get by working according to the text?
a. popularity      b. satisfaction      c. good payment
d. self-confidence  e. higher positions  f. social acceptation 
A.a; b; d; e B.b; c; e; fC.a; c; d; fD.b; c; d; f

题型:不详难度:| 查看答案
Men and women are still treated unequally in the workplace. Women continue to earn less, on average, for the same performance. Research has shown that both conscious(有意识的) and subconscious biases (偏见) contribute to this problem. But we’ve discovered another source of inequality: Women often don’t get what they want and deserve because they don’t ask for it. In three separate studies, we found that men are more likely than women to negotiate for what they want.
The first study found that the starting salaries of male MBAs who had recently graduated from Carnegie Mellon were 7.6%, or almost $4,000, higher on average than those of female MBAs from the same program. That’s because most of the women had simply accepted the employer’s salary offer; in fact, only 7% had attempted to negotiate. But 57% of their male counterparts--or eight times as many men as women—had asked for more.
Another study tested this gender difference in the lab. Subjects were told that they would be observed playing a word game and that they would be paid between $3 and $10 for playing. After each subject completed the task, an experimenter thanked the participant and said, “Here’s $3. Is $3 OK?” For the men, it was not OK, and they said so. Their requests for more money are nine times as many as the women’s.
The largest of the three studies surveyed several hundred people over the Internet, asking them about the most recent negotiations they’d attempted or started and when they expected to negotiate next. The study showed that men place themselves in negotiation situations much more often than women do.
There are several reasons accounting for the phenomenon. First, women often are taught from an early age not to promote their own interests and to focus instead on the needs of others. The messages girls receive—from parents, teachers, other children, the media, and society in general—can be so powerful that when they grow up they may not realize that they’ve made this behavior part of them, or they may realize it but not understand how it affects their willingness to negotiate. Women tend to think that they will be recognized and rewarded for working hard and doing a good job. Unlike men, they haven’t been taught that they can ask for more.
小题1:According to this passage, what causes the inequality in the workplace?
A.social bias
B.women’s poorer working ability
C.women’s worse academic background
D.women’s less negotiating
小题2:Which can be the result of the following survey, according to Para 4?
 
When do you expect to negotiate next?
小题3:Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A.Women are more likely to accept the employer’s salary offer.
B.Men tend to ask for more money than woman.
C.Women care more about other’s interest instead of themselves’.
D.Men believe that the better they work, the better they’re paid.
小题4:What will be discussed in the following paragraph?
A.The suggestions given to women.
B.The warnings to men.
C.Another reason for women’s not asking.
D.Another reason for men’s asking.

题型:不详难度:| 查看答案
WHEN there are some strangers in front of us, which of them will we trust?
According to a new study in the online PLOS One, people make their decisions to trust others largely based on their faces. Your appearance can do a lot for you, especially if you are in the financial industry. The more trustworthy you look, the more likely people will buy what you’re selling.
Researchers from Britain’s University of Warwick Business School, University College London, and Dartmouth College, US, did a number of experiments.
The research team used computer software to make 40 faces, from the least to the most trustworthy-looking.
The study said that the difference between a trustworthy face and one that isn’t as trustworthy comes from features that look slightly angry or slightly happy, even when the face is at rest. However, a slightly happy face is more likely to be trusted.
Researchers gave participants some money and asked them which face they trusted to invest the money for them. Then researchers gave some good and bad information about the people with these faces, and asked the participants again whom they trusted.
The results showed that even if they got different information, the participants didn’t change their choices. They were still more likely to invest their money with the more trustworthy-looking faces.
Chris Olivola, one of the study’s authors, said in the University of Warwick’s press release: “It seems we are still willing to go with our own instincts (本能) about whether we think someone looks like we can trust them. The temptation (诱惑) to judge strangers by their faces is hard to resist.”
小题1:Which of the following can be a proper title for this passage?
A.What kind of face do you trust?
B.Who did the experiments?
C.Why do you trust him or her?
D.Why did they do the experiments?
小题2:According to the study, which of the following faces is most likely to be trusted?
A.A sad face.B.A smiling face.
C.A crying face.D.An angry face.
小题3:Which of the following about the experiment is TRUE?
A.The trustworthy faces were given good information.
B.Researchers took photos of the 40 people’s faces in college.
C.Most participants gave their money to the trustworthy-looking faces.
D.Participants liked to choose the faces with good information.
小题4:What did the researchers learn from their experiment?
A.People can’t refuse temptations.
B.People always do things with their instincts.
C.People often judge strangers by their faces.
D.People don’t trust strangers with sad faces.

题型:不详难度:| 查看答案
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