kind of loneliness is not serious. In fact, it is quite normal. For some people, though, loneliness can last for
years. Now researchers say there are three different types of loneliness.
The first kind of loneliness is temporary (暂时的). This is the most common type. It usually disappears
quickly and does not require any special attention. The second kind, situational loneliness, is a natural result
or a particular situation-for example, a family problem, the death of a loved one, or moving to a new place.
Although this kind of loneliness can cause physical problems, such as headaches and sleeplessness, it usually
does not last for more than a year.
The third kind of loneliness is the most severe. Unlike the second type, chronic (长期的) loneliness usually
last more than two yeas and has no specific cause. People who experience habitual loneliness have problems
socializing and becoming close to others. Unfortunately, many chronically lone people think there is little or
nothing they can do to improve their condition.
Psychologists (心理学家) agree that one important fact in loneliness is a person"s social contacts, e.g,
friends, family members, co-workers, etc. We depend on various people for different reasons. For instance,
our families give us emotional support, our parents and teachers give us guidance, and our friends share similar
interests and activities. However, psychologists have found that, though lone people may have many social
contacts, they sometimes feel they should have more. They question their own popularity.
Psychologists are trying to find ways to help habitually lonely people for two reasons: they are unhappy
and unable to socialize and there is a connection between chronic loneliness and serious illness such as heart
disease. While temporary and situational loneliness can be a normal, healthy part of life, chronic loneliness
can be a very sad, and sometimes dangerous condition.
B. Just ignore it
C. Go to see a doctor
D. Ask your teachers for guidance
B. lonely people don"t have many social problems
C. one problem of loneliness is a person"s social contacts
D. we depend on various people for different reasons
B. Chronic loneliness can cause serious illness
C. Chronic loneliness cannot be overcome
D. A, B, and C are all correct
B. Loneliness and Diseases
C. Loneliness and Social Contacts
D. Chronic Loneliness
or her second year of high school is required to take a class in driver"s education. However, unlike other
courses, it is not given during the regular school year. Instead it is a summer course.
The course is divided up into two parts: class time for learning laws and regulations, and driving time to
practise driving. Class time is not unlike any other class. The students study the basic traffic laws from a text
to pass the written driving test that is given to anyone who wants to get a driver"s license.
Driving time is a chance for the students to get behind the wheel (steering wheel) and practise starting
steering, backing up, parking, switching lanes, turning corners, and all the other maneuvers (操作) required
to drive a car. Each student is required to drive a total of six hours. The students are divided up into groups
of four. The students and the instructor go out driving for two hour blocks of time. Thus, each student gets
half an hour driving time per outing. The instructor and "driver" sit in the front seats and the other three
students sit in the back.
After the student has passed the driver"s education course and reached the appropriate age to drive (this
age differs in every state but in most cases the person must be 16 years old), they can go to a designated (指
定的) state office to take their driver"s test, which is made up of an eye examination, a written test, and a
road test. The person must pass all three tests in order to be given a driver"s license. If the person did well in
his or her driver"s education class, he or she will pass the test with flying colors and get a driver"s license.
B. is given to anyone wanting to get a driver"s license
C. is carried on at the same time as other courses
D. is offered to all the students of Grade 2 in high schools
B. get half an hour driving
C. drive for two hour blocks of time
D. go out driving for twelve times
B. They must be 16 years of age.
C. They should go to have their driver"s test.
D. They ought to do well in their driver"s course.
B. quickly
C. colorfully
D. successfully
that protect the environment such as solar energy are becoming possible alternatives.
Increasing demand for clean, renewable energy is driving a growing market for solar energy products..
Two of the main types of products that take advantage of solar energy are passive and active solar products.
These two types of systems differ in how they are constructed and can also differ greatly in cost. Passive solar
technology can be used to heat air or water directly using the sun"s energy. Unlike an active solar application,
passive solar set-ups accomplish their task without the use of additional electrical components, such as fans
that need an external electricity supply. Some solar space heating or water heating systems are active solar
heating systems that have various components that call for external power sources. Because of their simplicity
compared with active systems, passive solar heating systems generally are cheaper than active ones.
In addition to these solar heating systems, there are also solar power system available. Rather than using the
sun"s energy for heating applications, these systems change solar energy into electricity. An important part of
these products is called photovoltaic cells, which generate electricity from light. As sunlight falls on a
photovoltaic cell, the light"s energy is changed into electricity that can then be used to power many kinds of
electronic devices. Because of the complicated technology involved, these kinds of solar power systems can
be very expensive.
When considering what kind of solar heating or power system to install (安装) in your home or business,
be sure to purchase your equipment from a reputable manufacturer who will be able to help you with any
necessary repair.
Solar energy application
Batteries can power anything from small sensors to large systems. While scientists are finding ways to
make them smaller but even more powerful, problems can arise when these batteries are much larger and
heavier than the devices themselves. University of Missouri(MU) researchers are developing a nuclear energy
source that is smaller, lighter and more efficient.
"To provide enough power, we need certain methods with high energy density (密度)", said Jae Kwon,
assistant professor of electrical and computer engineering at MU. "The radioisotope (放射性同位素) battery
can provide power density that is much higher than chemical batteries."
Kwon and his research team have been working on building a small nuclear battery, presently the size and
thickness of a penny, intended to power various micro / nanoelectromechanreal systems (M/NEMS). Although
nuclear batteries can cause concerns, Kwon said they are safe.
"People hear the word "nuclear" and think of something very dangerous," he said, "However, nuclear power
sources have already been safely powering a variety of devices, such as pace-makers, space satellites and
underwater systems."
His new idea is not only in the battery"s size, but also in its semiconductor (半导体). Kwon"s battery uses
a liquid semiconductor rather than a solid semiconductor.
"The key part of using a radioactive battery is that when you harvest the energy, part of the radiation energy
can damage the lattice structure (晶体结构) of the solid semiconductor," Kwon said, "By using a liquid semicon
ductor, we believe we can minimize that problem."
Together with J. David Robertson, chemistry professor and associate director of the MU Research Reactor,
Kwon is working to build and test the battery. In the future, they hope to increase the battery"s power, shrink
its size and try with various other materials. Kwon said that battery could be thinner than the thickness of
human hair.
B. He developed a chemical battery.
C. He is working on a nuclear energy source.
D. He made a breakthrough in computer engineering.
B. to introduce nuclear batteries can be safely used.
C. to describe a nuclear-powered system.
D. to introduce various energy sources.
B. test the power of nuclear batteries
C. decrease the size of nuclear batteries
D. reduce the damage to lattice structure
B. test the power of nuclear batteries
C. decrease the size of nuclear batteries
D. reduce the damage to lattice structure
B. book review
C. newspaper ad
D. science fiction story
like a fat chicken, eats green leaves, has the stomach of a cow and has claws (爪) on its wings when young.
They build their homes about 4.6m above the river, an important feature (特征) for the safety of the young.
It is called the hoatzin.
In appearance, the birds of both sexes look very much alike with brown on the back and cream and red
on the underside. The head is small, with a large set of feathers on the top, bright red eyes, and blue skin. Its
nearest relatives are the common birds, cuckoos. Its most striking feature, though, is only found in the young.
Baby hoatzins have a claw on the leading edge of each wing and another at the end of each wing tip. Using
these four claws, together with the beak (喙), they can climb about in the bushes, looking very much like
primitive birds must have done. When the young hoatzins have learned to fly, they lose their claws.
During the drier months between December and March hoatzins fly about the forest in groups of 20 to 30
birds, but in April, when the rainy season begins, they collect together in smaller living units of two to seven
birds for producing purposes.
B. The relatives and enemies of hoatzins.
C. Primitive birds and hoatzins of the Amazon.
D. The appearance and living habits of hoatzins.
B. they have claws on the wings
C. they eat a lot like a cow
D. they live on river banks
B. They could fly long distances.
C. They had four wings like hoatzins.
D. They had a head with long feathers on the top.
B. To protect themselves better.
C. To keep themselves warm.
D. To produce their young.
existence of creatures and even whole societies beyond our everyday lives.
This sense of wonder is universal. Look at the efforts that scientists have made to find out whether life of
some kind exists on Mars, and the popularity of fantasy (幻想) literature or movies like The Lord of the Rings.
This sense of wonder draws us to each other, to the world around us, and to the world of make-believe. But
have we gone so far in creating worlds of fantasy that we are missing the pleasure of other worlds that already
exist all around us?
Human beings, as biologists have suggested, possess an inborn desire to connect with and understand other
life forms. However, people, especially in big cities, often lead rather isolated lives. In a study of British
schoolchildren, it was found that children by age eight were much more familiar with characters from television
shows and video games than with common wildlife. Without modern technology, a small pond could be an
amazing world filled with strange and beautiful plants, insects, birds, and animals. When we lack meaningful
interaction (交互) with the world around us, and sometimes even with our families and friends, we seek to
understand and communicate with things that exist only in our imaginations or on a computer screen.
The world of make-believe is not necessarily bad. But when the world of fantasy becomes the only outlet
(出路) for our sense of wonder, then we are really missing something. We are missing a connection with the
living world. Other wonderful worlds exist all around us. But even more interesting is that if we look closely
enough, we can see that these worlds, in a broad sense, are really part of our own.
B. the wonderful achievements of fantasy literature
C. the fine taste of moviegoers around the world
D. the general existence of the sense of curiosity
B. The world around us could serve as a source of wonder.
C. The world of fantasy can be mirrored by a small and lively pond.
D. Modern technology prevents us from developing our sense of wonder.
B. be confused by the world of make-believe
C. miss the chance to recognize the fantasy world
D. be trapped by other worlds existing all around us
B. To warn us not to get lost in the fantasy world.
C. To argue against the misuse of the sense of wonder.
D. To discuss the influence of the world of make-believe.
- 1—Did you and your friends ride your bicycles to the beach ye
- 2要能分辨回声和原声,时间差至少要大于______,要能区别自己拍手声和高墙反射的回声,你离高墙至少______m.
- 3阅读下列材料:征税是殖民国家对殖民地和半殖民地国家所采取的一种重要的经济统治形式。奥斯曼土耳其帝国和法国在埃及实行不同的
- 4当时,取得最小值,这个最小值是__________.
- 5福建省所属的温度带是( )A.热带B.亚热带C.暖温带D.中温带
- 6中央电视台《焦点访谈》多次报道某些边远落后农村电价过高,农民负担过重,其中客观原因是电网陈旧老化,近来进行农村电网改造,
- 7在探究影响导体电阻大小的因素时,小兵、小红两位同学作出了如下猜想:导体的电阻与①导体的长度有关、②导体的横截面积有关、③
- 8今年我国云南省发生了百年一遇的干旱,旱灾导致 夏粮大面积绝收,可见水对农作物的生活极其重要. 下列描述错误的是( )A
- 9如图,点E为▱ABCD的AD边上一点,线段EC的垂直平分线恰好经过点B且交CD于点F,△ABE和△DEF的周长分别为13
- 10【题文】分别以小草、山桃、杨柳作为陈述对象***下面的句子,使句式协调,语序合理。(可增删个别字词)煦暖的阳光最先把山坡上
- 1(1)1×(-5)=______,(-1)×(-5)=______,+(-5)=______,-(-5)=______;
- 2方程的解是________________.
- 3当我们看到小草青青、杨柳婆娑,听到虫鸣鸟叫、人群喧闹,闻到清新空气、百花芬芳时我们的感受是A.人类只是自然界的一部分B.
- 4“滴自己的汗,吃自己的饭,自己的事自己干,靠人靠天朝祖上,不算是好汗”,陶行知的这句话是要求我们: ( )A.自尊自
- 5从“政务公开”到“审计风暴”到“新闻发言人制度”,中国社会在走向透明、公开方面确确实实迈出了坚实的步伐。这样做[
- 61molCH4与Cl2反应全部生成CCl4,需Cl2的物质的量是( )A.4molB.3molC.2molD.1mol
- 7近视患者需佩戴由凹透镜制成的眼镜,是由于凹透镜对光有______(选填会聚或发散)作用
- 8They are watching an ___________ movie. Everyone is ________
- 9 _______ he was sleeping , they stole his clothes. A.WhileB.
- 10请你利用所学的科学知识回答下列问题: (1)适时松土有利于大豆幼苗生长,主要原因是促进了幼苗______________