题目
题型:0112 期中题难度:来源:
阅读下面短文,根据所读内容在表格中的空白处填入恰当的单词。
注意:每个空格只填一个单词。
The day that a robot wakes you up, cleans your room and walks your dog might still be a few decades
off. But increasingly, engineers are saying that robots are going to make the leap (跳跃) from the factory
floor to your family room.
Companies like Sony and General Electric are working on designs for small robots. Products like the
Roomba, a robot that can clean floors, are flying off the shelves. On the cover of a recent issue of Scientific
American magazine, Bill Gates predicted the "Dawn of the Age of Robots".
What"s behind this new era (时代)? It"s partly a matter of technology. Devices that can recognize and
respond (回应) to a human voice have been developed. There are now a few different ways for robots to
move around. They can walk, crawl (爬行) or ride on wheels. They are being made smaller and smaller.
They are also becoming more and more energy efficient.
A bigger part of the story is on the demand side. From the day Robert Adler invented the television remote
control in the 1950s, people around the world have tirelessly searched for ways to get lazier.
Also take into consideration the increasing wealth of rich people, the time appears ripe to introduce robots
to ease our daily lives.
To be sure, robots that walk on two legs and talk like people are still too complex for our present
engineering abilities. Today"s robot revolution is to make them for everyday use. Robots will do basic
housework such as cleaning or gardening, or just help you have more fun on the basketball court.
What makes a robot different from an ordinary cleaning machine is not the presence of computer chips
(芯片). Nowadays even your microwave has a computer chip. It is the ability to sense and make changes
to the environment (环境) in real time.
For example, a floor-cleaning robot should be able to sense your scared cat and move out of the way.
Today"s computing ability is, for the first time, able to make machines that could "think", at least in certain
limited ways.
![](http://img.shitiku.com.cn/uploads/allimg/20191216/20191216194219-45335.gif)
答案
6. environment 7. walk 8. clean 9. wake 10. accompany
核心考点
举一反三
such as Star Wars. Today, 1 a lot of things in science stories have been science facts. Robots are starting
to 2 in our everyday lives. These robots have different sizes, shapes and colors. But they all have the same 3 of man-made " 4 ". Leading the robot revolution (革命) are industrial robots that work in factories.
Industrial robots can do different kinds of jobs that are often 5 and sometimes dangerous. Robots are also
coming to American homes, though not as quickly as they are entering 6 . These robots aren"t as friendly
and 7 as those you saw in Star Wars. But, their makers say, today"s home robots "walk" and sense objects
in their own way. They even 8 objects though they may sometimes drop. Well, nobody is 9 .
We may 10 home robots today, but some day they may see and hear 11 than humans do. We 12 can
only see certain wave lengths of light and hear certain 13 . That"s because the 14 of our eyes and ears are
15 . Robots, however, need not have the same limits 16 we have.
Robots may also be 17 wit devices (装置) that 18 information humans can"t. However, to understand
19 their sensing devices pick up is a hard job.
Remember, man-made brains 20 information, including all kinds of data, as zeroes and ones.
Imagine the difficulty in trying to explain to a robot what a football looks like-using only zeroes and ones.
( )1. A. however ( )2. A. come ( )3. A. variety ( )4. A. muscle ( )5. A. surprising ( )6. A. homes ( )7. A. certain ( )8. A. carry ( )9. A. wonderful ( )10. A. play jokes on ( )11. A. worse ( )12. A. fellows ( )13. A. noise ( )14. A. sight ( )15. A. enough ( )16. A. as ( )17. A. given ( )18. A. pick out ( )19. A. how ( )20. A. deal | B. whenever B. appear B. dozen B. body B. boring B. factories B. pleasing B. forget B. excellent B. make fun of B. faster B. humans B. voice B. length B. endless B. since B. equipped B. pick up B. where B. handle | C. on the other hand C. enter C. score C. brain C. pleasant C. schools C. bright C. remember C. happy C. laugh at C. better C. beings C. sounds C. distance C. limited C. for C. sent C. send up C. what C. seek | D. in other words D. raise D. type D. appearance D. exciting D. offices D. foolish D. choose D. perfect D. have fun with D. sooner D. friends D. speeches D. ability D. hopeful D. while D. applied D. send out D. which D. provide |
阅读理解。 | |||
Do dogs understand us? Be careful what you say around your dog. It might understand more than you think. A border collie named Rico recognizes the names of about 200 objects, say researchers in Germany. The dog also appears to be able to learn new words as easily as a 3-year-old child. Its word-learning skills are as good as those of a parrot or chimpanzee (黑猩猩). In one experiment, the researchers took all 200 items that Rico is supposed to know and divided the into 20 groups of 10 objects. Then the owner told the dog to go and fetch one of the items and bring it back. In four tests, Rico got 37 out of 40 commands right. As the dog couldn"t see anyone to get clues, the scientists believe Rico must understand the meanings of certain words. In another experiment, the scientists took one toy that Rico had never seen before and put it in a room with seven toys whose names the dog already knew. The owner then told Rico to fetch the object, using a word the dog had never heard before. The correct object was chosen in seven out of l0 tests, suggesting that the dog had worked out the answer by process of elimination (排除法). A month later, Rico remembered half of the new names, which is even more impressive. Rico is thought to be smarter than the average dog. For one thing, Rico is a border collie, a breed (种) known for its mental abilities. In addition, the 9-year-old dog has been trained to fetch toys by their names since the age of nine months. It"s hard to know if all dogs understand at least some of the words we say. Even if they do, they can"t talk back. Still, it wouldn"t hurt to sweet-talk your dog every now and then. You might just get a big, wet kiss in return! | |||
1. From paragraph 2 we know that _____. | |||
[ ] | |||
A. animals are as clever as human beings B. dogs are smarter than parrots and chimpanzees C. chimpanzees have very good word-learning skills D. dogs have similar "learning abilities as 3-year-old children | |||
2. Both experiments show that _____. | |||
[ ] | |||
A. Rico is smart enough to get all commands right B. Rico can recognize different things including toys C. Rico has developed the ability of learning mathematics D. Rico won"t forget the names of objects once recognizing them | |||
3. Which of the following statements is true? | |||
[ ] | |||
A. The purpose of the experiments is to show the border collie"s mental abilities. B. Rico has a better memory partly because of its proper early training. C. The border collie is world-famous for recognizing objects. D. Rico is born to understand its owner"s commands. | |||
4. What does the writer want to tell us? | |||
[ ] | |||
A. To train your dog. B. To talk to your dog. C. To be friendly to your dog. D. To be careful with your dog. | |||
阅读理解。 | |||
Have you ever been at a meeting while someone was making a speech and realized suddenly that your mind was a million miles away? You probably felt sorry and made up your mind to pay attention and always have been told that daydreaming is a waste of time. "On the contrary," says L. Giambra, an expert in psychology, "daydreaming is quite necessary. Without it, the mind couldn"t get done all the thinking it has to do during a normal day. You can"t possibly do all your thinking with a conscious (有意识) mind. Instead, your unconscious mind is working out problems all the time. Daydreaming then may be one way that the unconscious and conscious states of mind have silent dialogues." Early experts in psychology paid no attention to the importance of daydreams or even considered them harmful. At one time daydreaming was thought to be a cause of some mental illnesses. They did not have a better understanding of daydreams until the late 1980s. Eric Klinger, a professor of psychology, is the writer of the book Daydreaming. Klinger says, "We know now that daydreaming is one of the main ways that we organize our lives, learn from our experiences, and plan for our futures. Daydreams really are a window on the things we fear and the things we long for in life." Daydreams are usually very simple and direct, quite unlike sleep dreams, which may be hard to understand. It"s easier to gain a deep understanding of your life by paying close attention to your daydreams than by trying to examine your sleep dreams carefully. Daydreams help you recognize the difficult situations in your life and find out a possible way of dealing with them. Daydreams cannot be predicated (预料). They move off in unexpected directions which may be creative and full of ideas. For many famous artists and scientists, daydreams were and are a main source of creative energy. | |||
1. The writer of this passage considers daydreams _____. | |||
[ ] | |||
A. hard to understand B. important and helpful C. harmful and unimportant D. the same as sleep dreams | |||
2. The writer quoted (引用) L. Giambra and Eric Klinger to _____. | |||
[ ] | |||
A. point out the wrong ideas of early experts B. list two different ideas C. support his own idea D. report the latest research on daydreams | |||
3. Which of the following is TRUE? | |||
[ ] | |||
A. An unconscious mind can work all the problems out. B. Daydreaming can give artists and scientists ideas for creation. C. Professor Eric Klinger has a better idea than L. Giambra. D. Early experts fully understood what daydreams were. | |||
4. What is the main difference between daydreams and sleep dreams? | |||
[ ] | |||
A. People have daydreams and sleep dreams at different times. B. Daydreams are the result of unconscious mind while sleep dreams are that of conscious mind. C. Daydreams are more harmful. D. Daydreams are more helpful in solving problems. | |||
阅读理解。 | |||
When should a child start learning to read and write? This is one of the questions I am most frequently asked. There is no hard and fast rule, for no two are alike, and it would be wrong to set a time when all should start being taught the intricacies (复杂) of reading letters to form words. If a three-year-old wants to read (or even a two-year-old for that matter), the child has the right to be given every encouragement. The fact that he or she might later be "bored" when joining a class of non-readers at child school is the teacher"s affair. It is up to the teacher to see that such a child is given more advanced reading material. Similarly, the child who still cannot read by the time he goes to junior school at the age of seven should be given every help by teachers and parents alike. They should make certain that he is not dyslexic (having difficulty in reading). Although parents should be careful not to force youngsters aged two to five to learn to read (if badly done it could put them off reading for life), there is no harm in preparing them for simple recognition of letters by labeling various items in their rooms. For instance, tie a nice piece of cardboard to their bed with BED written in neat, big letters. Should the young child ask his parents to teach him to read, and if the parents are capable of doing so, such an attraction should not be ignored. But the task should never be made to look like a hard job and the child should never be forced to continue, or his interest should start to flag. | |||
1. This passage is mainly about _____. | |||
[ ] | |||
A. what qualities people teaching children reading should have B. different age groupings of children to be taught reading C. when and how children should be taught reading D. various problems of children who start learning to read | |||
2. This passage is mainly about _____. | |||
[ ] | |||
A. what qualities people teaching children reading should have B. different age groupings of children to be taught reading C. when and how children should be taught reading D. various problems of children who start learning to read | |||
3. A three-year-old child who wants to read should _____. | |||
[ ] | |||
A. be encouraged B. go to an infant school C. start from fun stories D. join a class of non-readers | |||
4. The purpose of labeling items in the room is to _____. | |||
[ ] | |||
A. make it more colorful B. teach children to write neatly C. help children recognize simple letters D. force children to develop the habit of reading | |||
5. The writer suggests that _____. | |||
[ ] | |||
A. children should ask their parents to teach them to read B. children should not feel bored if given advanced reading material C. children starting to read should ask specialists for help D. children should be taught with patience, care and a sense of humor | |||
阅读理解。 | |||
Although many Chinese students say that their knowledge of English grammar is good, most would admit that their spoken English is poor. Whenever I speak to a Chinese student they always say, "My spoken English is poor." However, their spoken English does not have to remain "poor"! I would like to suggest that there may be some reasons for their problems with spoken English. First, they fail to find suitable words to express themselves due to a limited vocabulary. Obviously the better answer is to expand their vocabulary. However, you can speak with a limited vocabulary, if your attitude is positive. Others will follow you as long as you use the words that you know. Second, they are afraid of making mistakes. Sometimes they make mistakes when they are speaking because they are shy and nervous. Yet students should remember that their goal should be FLUENCY NOT ACCURACY. Your aim in writing is to be accurate following the rules for grammar and using the right words and spelling the m correctly. However, in speaking your aim is fluency. You want to get your message across,that is, to talk to someone in English, as quickly and as well as you can, even though sometimes you may use a wrong word or tense, but it doesn"t matter because the person you are speaking to will understand you and make allowances for any mistakes he hears. The third reason is that not enough attention is paid to listening. You have one mouth but two ears! All that hearing was necessary for you to start speaking. Forth, most Chinese students are reactive rather than proactive language learners. Instead of actively seeking out opportunities to improve their spoken English they passively wait for speaking opportunities to come to them and wonder why their English always remains poor. If you have this proactive outlook, then you will see English opportunities wherever you go. If you do not use your English beyond the classroom you will forget what English you know. Remember: USE IT OR LOSE IT! You can learn how to speak English better by speaking English more. | |||
1. What is most probably the writer"s purpose in writing the passage? | |||
[ ] | |||
A. To improve your reading. B. To improve your listening. C. To improve your spoken English. D. To improve your vocabulary. | |||
2. We can learn from the third paragraph that _____. | |||
[ ] | |||
A. Fluency is more important than accuracy. B. It doesn"t matter to make mistakes when we use English. C. In order to get our message across we should speak cautiously. D. Feeling shy and nervous can lead to errors. | |||
3. Which of the following is true about Chinese students? | |||
[ ] | |||
A. They are passive learners. B. They are active in looking for a chance to practice their oral English. C. They tend to wait for somebody to speak to them in English. D. They speak English slowly without mistakes. | |||
4. The last paragraph is close to the meaning of "_____". | |||
[ ] | |||
A. More hurry, less speed B. Better late than never C. Silence is gold D. Practice makes perfect | |||
5. The text is most probably taken from a _____. | |||
[ ] | |||
A. teacher"s diary B. report on study C. sports newspaper D. movie magazine |