题目
题型：0108 模拟题难度：来源：
how important physical setting is to efficiency and comfort in our work. College classroom space should be
designed to encourage the activity of critical thinking.
We are in the twenty-first century now, but step into almost any college classroom and you step back in
time at least a hundred years. Desks are normally in straight rows, so students can clearly see the teacher but
not all their classmates. The message behind such an arrangement is obvious. Everything of importance comes
from the teacher.
With a little imagination and effort, unless desks are fixed to the floor, the teacher can correct this situation
and create space that encourages interchange among students. In small or standard-sized classes, chairs,
desks, and tables can be arranged in a variety of ways. The primary goal should be for everyone to be able to
see everyone else. Large classes, particularly those held in lecture halls, unfortunately, allow much less
flexibility.
Arrangement of the classroom should also make it easy to divide students into small groups for discussion
or problem-solving exercises. Small classes with movable desks and tables present no problem. Even in large
lecture halls, it is possible for students to turn around and form groups of four to six. Breaking a class into
small groups provides more opportunities for students to interact with each other, think out loud, and see how
other students" thinking processes operate all essential elements in developing new modes of critical thinking.
In courses that regularly use a small group format, students might be asked to stay in the same small
groups throughout the course. A colleague of mine, John, allows students to move around during the first two
weeks, until they find a group they are comfortable with. John then asks them to stay in the same seat, with
the same group, from that time on. This not only creates a comfortable setting for interaction but helps him
learn students" names and faces.
B. to make it possible for students to interact with each other
C. for the teacher to find out how students think
D. to give students more opportunities to practice speaking
B. Critical thinking was encouraged even a century ago.
C. College classrooms often remind people of their college life.
D. A hundred years ago, desk arrangement in a classroom was quite different.
B. It"s impossible for students to make up small groups in large lecture halls
C. A comfortable environment leads to higher working efficiency
D. New kinds of desks and chairs should be made
B. introduce an approach of learning students" names and faces easily
C. give an example that students stay in the same seat throughout the course
D. describe a good seat-arrangement mode in courses with small group format
答案
核心考点
试题【阅读理解。 Proper arrangement of classroom space is important to encouraging inte】；主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
allowing negative thinking to work against you. In recent years, research in psychopharmacology (精神药
理学) has proved what many people have known over the centuries: a positive attitude is good for you,
good for your health, good for your wealth, good for everything. Researchers found that a positive attitude
produces a specific chemical reaction which makes people feel better, while negative thinking results in a
decline of hormone (荷尔蒙) and shuts down the immune (免疫的) system. This leads to illness and
depression. Positive thoughts will make you feel better. Even if you must begin by literally forcing yourself
to be positive (faking it, so to speak), it will become contagious (会传播的) and the positive thoughts will
generate nice little chemicals and good feelings which will reinforce the positive thoughts.
For example, if you force yourself to smile or laugh, even when you don"t feel like smiling or laughing,
if you keep at it for a few minutes, you will soon feel like it. Feelings can generate thoughts, but thoughts
can also generate feelings. Control your thoughts and you can control your feelings. Positive thinking is
important in all aspects of our lives. There is probably no single factor more important in determining your
success in achieving your career objectives than your own attitude.
It"s often been said that in the land of the blind, the one-eyed man is king. And in the office of militant (好
战) negativism, the positive workers shine like gold. You cannot control external events, but you can learn
to control your reaction to those events and thereby have a positive attitude and be happy. This vital key to
success is totally within your control. Use it.
B. positive thinking can easily be generated by anyone
C. a decline of hormone may cause you to be depressed
D. a specific chemical reaction is the cause of negative thinking
B. It"s easier to control thoughts than to control feelings.
C. Your success depends wholly on your attitude.
D. Keeping smiling will surely make you successful.
B. be king in your office
C. pay no attention to what is going on around you
D. control your feeling to what is happening to you
B. Why Should People Think
C. Positive Thinking and Negative Thinking
D. Thinking: The Vital Way
partners are also depressed.
The findings highlights the importance of paying attention to the partners of depressed mothers as young
children themselves are vulnerable to social problems if both parents are depressed.
Researchers in London and at the university of Bristol launched their study to investigate whether family
structure affects the likelihood of depression in men around the time their child is born. They looked at men
from traditional families, men with children from a previous relationship, men whose parents had children by
a former partner, and men who were not living with their partners.
All 7,018 participants filled out a questionnaire on depression, and answered the questions about their age,
education level and employment status. Details about the quality of their relationship with their partners,
networks of friends and previous life events were also recorded.
About 3.5 percent of the men and 13 percent of their partners suffered depression around the time their
child was born. In comparison, men in step-families or who were not living with their partners were twice
as likely to get depressed as those in traditional families. This could be explained by other factors that are more
common in non-traditional families, such as poor education and relationship conflicts.
Even allowing for all these factors, however, the partners of women who were suffering from perinata (围
产期的) depression were significantly more likely to become depressed themselves, the researchers report in
an American Journal. Ten percent of women who were depressed had depressed partners. For the healthy
women, the figure was only 2.6 percent. Previous research suggests that families with two depressed partners
may need special attention. A researcher in Atlanta has found that primary school children with two troubled
parents have difficulty relating to their peers. "It"s extremely important to look at the whole family," she says.
B. Depressed women often have depressed partners
C. All young children are vulnerable to social problems
D. Women with children often have depressed partners
B. investigate why so many men get depressed when a child is born
C. study whether family structure affects depression in men when child is born
D. see whether it is true that behind every depressed man there is a depressed woman
B. Men in traditional families
C. Men not living with their partners
D. Men in non-traditional families
crowds, making it a potentially effective tool to prevent terrorist attacks in public places.
The Thru Vision T5000 camera picks up Terahertz rays,or T-rays, which are naturally sent out by all
objects and can pass through clothes or even walls. The camera can then detect metallic and nonmetallic
objects hidden under clothing on still or moving subjects without showing any body detail.
While similar technology is seen at airports around the world, the T5000 is designed to be used in large,
open areas. With a range of 25 meters, the T5000 can screen people in public places, thus avoiding
bottle-necks at border crossing or security checkpoints. It also means people can be screened without
knowing it.
The technology develops from British astronomers " work in studying dying stars. Astronomers use T-ray
cameras to see through dust and clouds in space. The company sees uses for its camera at other sites where
political or business activities take place.
For privacy concerns,Thru Vision Chief Executive Clive Beattie said the image produced by the camera
did not show detailed parts of the body." It"s almost a shining light bulb (灯泡)." Beattie said. "You don" t see
the detail that people might be concerned about." In London" s busy Piccadilly Circus-which is already filled
with closed-circuit surveillance (监视) cameras- reaction to the new technology was mixed. Some said the
camera was going too far and violating privacy,but others said they are willing to put safety before privacy
concerns." There " s surveillance everywhere anyway," said one commuter. "I don" t think it" s much of a
difference. I don" t care that they can see through me because they can see me anyway."
Some experts said the privacy violation of the camera was not worth the benefit. " What we should
consider is how much we want to lose our privacy in order to obtain a sort of national security," said David
Murakami Wood, director of the Surveillance Studies network,which deals with surveillance and privacy
problems." In most cases this isn" t real security-it "s a sense of safety that has very little real effect."
B. It can see through clothing or walls by sending out T-rays.
C. It was first used to observe stars by astronomers.
D. It is widely used at airports around the world.
B. For scientific research.
C. For commercial benefits.
D. For safety reasons.
B. Some agree to its use because safety is the most important.
C. Some don" t agree to its use because it makes no difference.
D.Some people don" t care because they know little about it.
B. T5000 is more beneficial than harmful.
C. T5000 does not really provide security.
D. It"s not worth giving up privacy for safety.
brain in protective hormones (荷尔蒙), U.S. researchers reported on Thursday.
Tests on rats show that those who raise two or more litters of pups do considerably better in tests of
memory and skills than rats who have no babies, and their brains show changes that suggest they may be
protected against diseases such as Alzheimer"s (早老痴呆症). University of Richmond psychology professor
Craig Kinsley believes his findings will translate into humans.
"Our research shows that the hormones of pregnancy (***) are protecting the brain, including estrogen
(雌激素), which we know has many neuroprotective (保护神经的) effects," Kinsley said.
"It"s rat data but humans are mammals just like these animals are mammals," he added in a telephone
interview. "They go through pregnancy and hormonal changes."
Kinsley said he hoped public health officials and researchers will look to see if having had children protects
a woman from Alzheimer"s and other forms of age-related brain decline.
"When people think about pregnancy, they think about what happens to babies and the mother from the
neck down," said Kinsley, who presented his findings to the annual meeting of the Society of Neuroscience in
Orlando, Florida.
"They do not realize that hormones are washing on the brain. If you look at female animals that have never
gone through pregnancy, they act differently toward the young. But if she goes through pregnancy, she will
sacrifice her life for her infant-that is a great change in her behavior that showed in genetic alterations (改变)
to the brain."
B. Many women say so.
C. They know it by experimenting on rats.
D. They know it through their own experience.
B. Animals.
C. Old rats.
D. Grown-up rats.
B. The hormones of pregnancy.
C. More exercise.
D. Taking care of children.
the sentence suggest?
B. The experiments on the rats are very important for animals.
C. The experiments on the rats are much the same on humans.
D. The experiments on the rats are much the same on other animals.
Several minutes after her leaving, the men murdered a person working in the building. The police determined
that the woman was the only witness and could possibly describe them. However, her memory of the men
proved disappointingly unclear. Several days later, psychologist Ronald Fisher was brought in to obtain a
more complete account from the woman. His interview produced a breakthrough-the woman reported a clear
picture of one of the suspects. The important information enabled the police to arrest the suspect and close
the case.
The police asked Fisher for help because of his rich knowledge in cognitive (认知的) interview, a kind of
memory-rebuilding process. Memory researchers have found that people trying to remember a past event often
only recall part of the relevant information. Human memory is selective and it is often distorted by stress. But
a person"s accurate recall of an event or understanding of a question can be improved using specific
interviewing techniques. The "cognitive interview" was developed in the late 1990s. It encourages the witness
to take an active role in recalling information rather than giving answers only to someone else"s questions.
The witness first describes what happened in his or her own words, with no interviewer interruptions. The
interviewer then goes further with specific techniques, such as having the witness tell the detail", of what
happened from different perspectives (角度).
The cognitive interview focuses on guiding witnesses through four general recalling techniques: thinking
about physical surroundings and personal feelings that existed at the time of past events; reporting everything
that comes to mind about those events, no matter how broken it is; retelling events in a variety of time orders,
such as from beginning to end, end to beginning, forward or backward; and adopting different perspectives
while recalling events.
Experiments with police detectives trained in this demanding interview method find that they obtain nearly
50% more information from witnesses than before training, while error rates remain about the same. It is
proved that cognitive interviews are quite important tools in improving the accuracy and completeness of
witness testimony (证词).
B. help a witness to recall information in a cognitive interview
C. prove Fisher was an expert in cognitive interview
D. introduce an idea of cognitive interview
B. The information about the event in the time order.
C. The important things that come to his or her mind.
D. The exact time at which a murder took place.
B. the interviewer should interrupt the witness from time to time
C. the witness is encouraged to take part in recalling information
D. the witness should recall details at the scene of the event
B. balanced
C. arranged
D. examined
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