题目
题型：陕西省期中题难度：来源：
to move forward or threatened and thinking of moving back, a study has found.
Researchers in Italy examined the tail wagging behavior of 30 dogs, catching their responses to a range
of stimuli (刺激物) with video cameras. To conduct the study they chose 15 male dogs and 15 female ones
aged between one and six years. The dogs were all family pets whose owners had allowed them to take part
in the experiment at Bari University. The dogs were placed in a large wooden box with an opening at the front
to allow for them to view various stimuli. They were tested one at a time.
The researchers led by Professor Giorgio Vallortigara of the University of Trieste found that when the
dogs were shown their owners-a positive experience-their tails wagged energetically to the right side. When
they were shown an unfamiliar human they wagged to the right, but with somewhat less enthusiasm. The
appears of a cat again caused a right-hand side wag, although with less intensity again. The appearance of a
large unfamiliar dog, similar to a German shepherd, changed the direction of tail wagging to the left. Research
ers supposed the dog was thinking of moving back. When the dogs were not shown any stimuli they tended
to wag their tails to the left, suggesting they preferred company. While the changes in the tail wagging were
not easily noticed without the aid of video, it was thought that the findings could help people judge the mood
(心情) of dogs. Computer and video systems, for example, could be used by professional dog trainers to
determine the mood of dogs that they were required to approach.
B. the dogs were put in the wooden boxes and tested one at a time.
C. they enabled the dogs"owners to know about their dogs"habit
D. the dogs wagged their tails in different directions when they were in different moods
B. worry
C. excitement
D. interest
B. wag to the right
C. not wag at all
D. wag to the left and then to the right
B. the trainers
C. the systems
D. the researchers
B. to help people judge the mood of dogs
C. to help dogs find company
D. to help people choose their pet dogs
答案
核心考点
试题【阅读理解。 Dogs wag (摇摆) their tails in different directions depending on whether】；主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
researchers said on Saturday.
Math anxiety-feelings of dread and fear and avoiding math-can weaken the brain"s limited amount of
working capacity, a resource needed to calculate difficult math problems, said Mark Ashcrafi, a psychologist
at the University of Nevada Las Vegas who studies the problem.
"It turns out that math anxiety occupies a person"s working memory," said Ashcraft, who spoke at the
annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in San Francisco.
Ashcraft said while easy math tasks such as addition require only a small part of a person"s working
memory, harder calculations require much more.
Worrying about math takes up a large part of a person"s working memory stores as well, spelling disaster
for the anxious student who is taking a high-stakes test ( 高风险测验).
Stress about how one does on tests like college entrance exams can make even good math students choke.
"All of a sudden they start looking for the short cuts," said University of Chicago researcher Sian Beilock.
Although test preparation classes can help students get over this anxiety, they are limited to students whose
families can afford them.
Finally, she said, "It may not be wise to rely completely on scores to predict who will succeed."
While the causes of math anxiety are unknown, Ashcraft said,"People who manage to get over math
anxiety have completely normal math ability."
B. contributes to scores in college entrance exams
C. has no effects on good math students
D. has side effects on students in college entrance exams
B. reducing
C. taking away
D. preparing for
B. All of the students attend test preparation classes.
C. Math anxiety weakens working memory needed to do math.
D. Few measures can be taken to get rid of math anxiety.
A. Get relieved.
B. Review lessons.
C. Go to the doctor"s.
D. Rely on scores.
current three-stage space program ends in the next dacade."When our manned space program is completed,
we will travel even further," Wang Zhaoyao, deputy head of China"s manned space program office and
Shenzhou VII mission spokesman, told a briefing in Beijing three hours after China"s third manned space
mission was successfully concluded yesterday.
"After comprehensively analyzing the general trend of the international development of manned space, as
well as realities in China, we see a manned lunar landing as a both challenging and tactical (策略的) field in
global hi-tech," he said.
"We believe it necessary for our country to do something in this field," Wang said.
He did not give a specific(具体的) date for a moon landing. Wang, however, said,"Experts believe this is
"very much needed" for research into relevant (closely connected) technologies to further China"s achievements
in space."
The 68-hour Shenzhou VII mission featured a 25-minute spacewalk on Saturday.
It was broadcast live and watched by millions throughout the country. The crew"s landing at a site in the
Inner Mongolia autonomous region was also carried live by national television.
The entire mission was pronounced a complete success.
Wang said the three astronauts, were transported to Hohhot, the region"s capital, and would spend the
evening there.
"They will return to Beijing this morning," he said.
"During the course of the mission, Russian experts provided strong technical support for the EVA
spacesuits. The successful Sino-Russian cooperation for this flight created beneficial conditions for more
intensive cooperation between the two sides in the future," Wang said.
The mission"s success has paved the way for completing the second stage of the program-building a space
station before 2020.
Before that, a space lab will be set up in 2010 with Shenzhou X, the country"s next full-crew space journey.
B. 2010.
C. 2018.
D. No specific date.
B. There is a need for China to land on the moon.
C. It is very much needed to research space technologies to further China"s space program.
D. International cooperation is necessary for China"s landing on the moon.
B. China and Russia would like to cooperate in space program
C. China is a leading technological power now
D. Russia wants to benefit from China
B. Shenzhou X will Land on the Moon
C. China will Set up a Space Lab on the Moon
D. Landing on the Moon--the Next Target
they can go online to a search engine like Google or Yahoo. But what about people in rural or underdeveloped
areas who may have no way to get on the Internet?
A business and international development professor in California, Rose Shuman, found an answer for them:
Question Box. Question Box is a service that provides answers-free of charge-for people who cannot search
the Internet directly. The users of Questions Box might be those who might not be able to read, or simply have
no access to the Internet.
Question Box began three years ago in India. People used a metal call box with a push-to-talk button to
connect a live operator. Rose Schuman explained," You just need to push a big green button on the box which
will connect you directly to our operators who are sitting in front of computers, and speak your language. You
can ask them any sort of question you want, and they"ll look it up in English or in Hindi, or whatever the main
language is, and translate the answer back for you."
The service is currently offered in two villages. The latest version of the box uses mobile phone technology, and solar panels in case the electrical power fails. Rose Shuman says the aim was to make the box as easy as
possible for users,"It is very efficient (效率高的). Rather than try to bring a lot of difficulties to them and
expect them to spend a lot of time to learn how to use the Internet, the idea was to make a technology tha
t even Grandma could use."
In April 2009, Question Box was introduced to Uganda. Forty community workers with mobile phones
connected villagers to call center operators in Kampala. The community workers went around telling people
about the service. They wore T-shirts that said"Ask me." But Internet service in Uganda proved slow and
undependable. So Question Box teamed up with a local technology company to store information on a local
server. That way, the researchers in Kampala could quickly search the database for answers.
B. Needing an answer?-asking Question Box
C. Question Box-a great invention in the world
D. Rose Shuman-a professor helping the poor
B. it is more convenient to carry
C. it saves much more energy
D. it is much easier to use
B. the operators
C. the researchers
D. Question Box workers
B. Question Box operators can look for information in any language.
C. Question Box is more efficient in solving problems in underdeveloped areas.
D. Question Box can work without the help of the Internet in Uganda.
have abilities(能力) including communication and different kinds of memory. In some unusual cases, their
abilities seem better than those of humans.
Irene Pepperberg, a birds expert, did research about a grey parrot named. Griffin. Ms. Pepperberg says
Griffin can arrange objects in order of size. She says the talking bird also can combine words in the right
order. For example, he will combine words when asking for a piece of food. The researcher says experts
had thought that only humans and other mammals with large brains have the ability to combine objects and
words. She believes that bird brains have the ability to understand that complex(复杂的) tasks must be done
in the correct order.
Some birds have other memory skills. For example, they collect and store thousands of seeds in autumn,
and find them later in winter. Alan Kamil and Alan Bond of the University of Nebraska are studying the
memories of birds called jays and nutcrackers. Their experiments show that these birds use natural objects to
find the seeds they have stored.
It"s said some birds can learn as many as 2,000 different songs. Songs may have developed as a way for
birds to communicate with other birds.
According to Verner Bingman of Bowling Green State University in Ohio, birds must have a special
guidance system in their brain. He says that understanding how a bird"s brain operates may help us better
understand how a human brain processes information.
However, some scientists do still believe birds do many things that appear to be acts of thoughtful
intelligence. In most cases, they say, their behavior is simply instinctive (本能的), no reasoning power
directing it.
B. Irene Pepperberg"s study on birds.
C. The difference between humans and birds.
D. Ways for experts to train birds.
B. Objects help birds remember things.
C. Birds are as intelligent as humans.
D. Birds have certain memory skills.
B. mammals understand the relationship between objects and words
C. maybe trees help jays to find the seeds they have stored
D. birds always communicate with one anther by singing
uncomfortable. This is called the force of habits, and the force of habits should be fought against.
Habits, whether good or bad, are gradually formed. When a person does a certain thing, he is driven
by some unseen force to do the same thing repeatedly, then a habit is formed. Once a habit is formed, it
is difficult, and sometimes impossible, to get rid of. It is therefore very important that we should pay great
attention to the formation of habits. Children often form bad habits, some of which remain with them as
long as they live. Older persons also form bad habits as long as they live, and sometimes become ruined
by them.
There are other habits which, when formed in early life, are of great help. Many successful men say
that much of their success has something to do with certain habits in early life, such as early rising, honesty
and so on.
Among the habits which children should not form are laziness, lying, stealing and so on. They are all
easily formed habits. Unfortunately, older persons often form bad habits, which should have been avoided.
We should keep from all these bad habits, and try to form such habits as will be good for others and
ourselves. Remember: Habits cure habits.
B. Bad habits
C. Both good habits and bad habits
D. Neither good habits nor bad habits
B. good habits
C. children
D. other persons.
B. Because a man can never get rid of a habit.
C. Because it"s hard and sometimes even impossible to throw away bad habits.
D. Because we are forced to do them again and again.
B. is an easily formed habit
C. is such a habit as should have been avoided
D. is such a habit as will be kept
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