题目
题型：天津期末题难度：来源：
older? Try picking up the phone and speaking to someone. Scientists have found that holding a simple
conversation could be just as effective as playing popular "brain-training" games that have reproduced a
multi-million pound industry.
Researchers compared 36 studies on memory exercises performed between 1970 and 2007. Some
studies suggested both healthy older adults and those with mild cognitive impairment (轻度认知缺陷)
could remember words better after some memory training.
However, other studies found this improvement was matched by those who were asked to hold a
discussion about art.
The finding that social interaction could be just as effective at keeping memory loss from getting worse
comes after Age Concern warned more than a million people aged over 65 living alone in their own
homes. The charity warned solitary lifestyles were a "silent disease" spreading through the nation quickly.
Dr. Martin said most people experienced a cognitive decline (下降) in old age. This can include
memory loss and inability to plan, pay close attention or perform tasks as quickly as before. The normal
rate of decline seems to speed up in some people, leading to a condition called mild cognitive impairment, which some researchers see as a reason for developing mental diseases later in life.
Although several studies have suggested that brain-training exercises could delay signs of cognitive
decline, the studies and the types of training have many different kinds. The findings do not mean that
longer, more intense or different exercises might not be effective, but that those which have been reported
thus far have only limited effect.
Dr. Martin concluded researchers needed to improve the way they used their studies to eventually
determine ways of preventing cognitive decline in old age.
B. Training has a great effect on our health.
C. Having conversation can improve memory.
D. People have no ways to improve memory.
B. Alone.
C. Lacking patience.
D. Enjoying being old.
B. develop physical diseases
C. worry about the coming of old age
D. escape from the reality in life
B. There are more social problems to be settled at present.
C. No one can prevent old age from coming.
D. Whether "brain-training" exercises have a great effect on memory is not sure.
B. housewives
C. elderly people
D. bad-tempered people
答案
核心考点
试题【阅读理解。 Do you want to improve your memory? Are you struggling to remember nam】；主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项.选项中有两项为
多余选题。
find it difficult to get along well with your teachers? Here are some tips.
If you"re having problems with a teacher, try to find out why. 1 Or do you like the subject but
just dislike the teacher?
If you don"t like the subject, it can affect (影响) your relationship with the teacher. You should try to
find the practical value in classes you don"t like. You may hate math. 2
If you find a subject hard, talk to your teacher to be given more help. 3
It may help you raise your grade gradually.
4 Show an interest in the subject, which may change your attitude towards your teacher. You
can also talk to your teacher when he or she is free. Use this time to get extra help, ask questions, or talk
about your progress in class. You may be surprised to learn that your teacher is a bit more relaxed and
friendly than when lecturing in front of the whole class.
If you don"t agree with your teacher, do not quarrel with him or her. 5 Just as teachers need to
be fair and treat everyone equally, students have responsibilities too. You don"t have to like your teacher
or agree with what he or she says, but it is necessary to be polite.
B. Any teacher will give you some useful advice.
C. Do you dislike the subject?
D. What is your opinion about it?
E. But learning it well can help you in everything from sports to leaving a tip(小费).
F. And it"s impossible to like everyone all the time.
G. Common respect is a basic requirement of any relationship
can parents do to help their kids grow up to lead happy lives?Experts advise:
1. Helping them find their talents. In order to succeed, children need to feel they"re good at something. So expose your children to as many interests as possible, then let them choose those they like best.
2. Applauding their achievements. A study found that students whose parents paid attention to their
abilities were far more likely to do well in school-and in life-than students whose parents didn"t show such
support. So celebrate your kids" achievements, no matter how small they are.
3. Praising their efforts. Kids won"t always come out on top. Still, they deserve kudos (赞誉) for
trying their best. Tenyearold April Cutler, for example, has had trouble with math since second grade.
"She usually gets C"s on her report card, but last year she was determined to get A"s and worked hard at
it," says her mom. "When the first grading period ended, April was disappointed when she got a B minus
in math," Lueille continues ."But my husband and I told her we were very proud that she"d improved. That
inspired her to try even harder. She got a B plus for the next period!"
4. Letting them make decisions and mistakes. Making his/her own decisions increases a child"s sense
of control and builds his/her selfesteem (自尊心). And allowing kids to make wrong decisions-so long
as doing so won"t harm them-helps kids learn from their mistakes.
5. Encouraging them to solve their own problems. As they grow, children need practice in
communicating, standing up for themselves and compromising. One of the best places to learn these skills
is at home. So the next time your child runs to you complaining that her brother is blaming her, step back
and let them work it out.
B. To show how to praise kids.
C. To help kids study harder.
D. To give advice on how to help kids become mature.
B. parents
C. teachers
D. educators
B. setting a high goal makes kids feel discouraged
C. solving problems by themselves helps kids feel confident
D. interest is the best teacher
B. Adults also make mistakes now and then.
C. Kids can learn something valuable from their mistakes.
D. Making mistakes won"t harm kids.
or no other witnesses (目击者). This phenomenon (现象) is referred to as the "bystander effect".
The bystander effect is also called the "Genovese effect", which is named after Catherine Genovese,
a young woman who was cruelly murdered on March 13, 1964. Early in the morning, 28-year-old
Genovese was returning home from work. As she approached her apartment entrance, she was attacked
and stabbed (刺) by a man later identified as Winston Moseley. Despite Genovese"s repeated cries for
help, none of the dozen or so people in the nearby apartment building who heard her cries called police
for help. The attack first began at 3:20, but it was not until 3:50 that someone first contacted police.
Many psychologists were set thinking by the incident, as well as most Americans. As the conclusion,
the bystander effect came out and later proved by a series of studies and experiments.
There are two major factors that contribute to the bystander effect. First, the presence of other
people creates a division (分散) of responsibility. Because there are other observers, individuals do not
feel as much pressure to take action, since the responsibility to take action is thought to be shared among
all of those present. The second reason is the need to behave in correct and socially acceptable ways.
When other observers fail to react, individuals often take this as a signal that a response is not needed or
not proper.
Other researchers have found that onlookers are less likely to take action if the situation is uncertain.
In the case of Genovese, many of the 38 witnesses reported that they believed they were witnessing a
"lovers"quarrel", and did not realize that the young woman was actually being murdered.
B. its discovery resulted from the murder of a woman named Genovese
C. it was actually discovered by a woman named Genovese
D. it always makes people think of a woman named Genovese
B. They thought someone else might help her.
C. They didn"t think they should help.
D. They didn"t think she needed help.
B. consider the risk of getting hurt
C. want to be sure it"s proper to react
D. wonder if the victim is worth helping
been murdered.
B. fewer
C. more
D. braver
Students across China, studying in the fields of engineering, science and technology, are developing a
range of inventions that they hope will one day be marketable. Here are three examples from the minds of China"s young inventors.
Foot-Controlled Mouse
This new kind of mouse is controlled by the feet instead of the hands, to help handicapped people
when surfing the Internet.
The new device is called a "surf mouse", and looks like a pair of blue slippers. When users press the
slippers with their forefeet, they are clicking the left mouse button; when people press with their heels,
they are clicking the right mouse; when they roll their feet over the slippers, they can view Web pages.
Dirty Water Filter
The "pump of life", a filter, can make dirty water drinkable. The pump is over 30 centimeters long and
has a diameter of four centimeters. It has an in-pipe at the top and out-pipe at the end. There are two
main parts: the drive zone to pump water and the material zone to eliminate (去除) harmful substances.
Rain, fish tank water and coalmine water can all be cleaned in the material zone. The invention could be
used for many kinds of disaster relief. Pan told us that water was delivered by helicopters to Wenchuan.
If they had sent water-purifying equipment instead, people could have had more water faster after the
earthquake.
Transformer Vehicle
The multi-functional vehicle is named Tranfus. By changing the breadth of tires and the structure of a
car, it can become a motorbike or a luggage carrier. The name Tranfus is a contraction of "transforming
for us."
Traffic jams can make a driver go crazy. The Tranfus can change into luggage carrier, and users
could walk with it. When started, the roof transforms, turning into a motorbike. But its inventor doesn"t
think Tranfus will be on the market soon as some auto companies like it, but none are willing to invest.
B. Those absent-minded in classes.
C. Those hoping cheating in exams.
D. Those having disability in hands.
B. They can raise their heels.
C. They can roll their feet.
D. They can press their heels.
B. When there are natural disasters causing clean water shortage.
C. When there are earthquakes in the mountainous areas.
D. When there are too many people in a crowded city.
B. It is too small to be a car and too big to be a luggage carrier.
C. There are no auto companies offering to invest in it.
D. There are no auto companies showing interest in it.
family meal than food. Sociologist Michael Lewis has been studying 50 families to find out just how
much more.
Lewis and his co-workers carried out their study by videotaping (录像) the families while they ate
ordinary meals in their own homes. They found that parents with small families talk actively with each
other and their children. But as the number of children gets larger, conversation gives way to the parents"
efforts to control the loud noise they make. That can have an important effect on the children. "In general
the more question-asking the parents do, the higher the children"s IQ scores." Lewis says. "And the more
children there are, the less question-asking there is."
The study also provides an explanation for why middle children often seem to have a harder time in life
than their siblings (兄弟姐妹), Lewis found that in families with three or four children, dinner conversation
is likely to center on the oldest child, who has the most to talk about, and the youngest, who needs the
most attention "Middle children are invisible," says Lewis. "When you see someone get up from the table
and walk around during dinner, chances are it"s the middle child." There is, however, one thing that stops
all conversation and prevents anyone from having attention: "When the TV is on," Lewis says, "dinner is a
non-event."
B. teach parents ways to keep order at the dinner table
C. report on the findings of a study
D. give information about family problems
B. get the least attention from the family
C. are often kept away from the dinner table
D. find it hard to keep up with other children
B. why parents should keep good order
C. why children in small families seem to be quieter
D. why middle children seem to have more difficulties in life
B. It is a good idea to have the TV on during dinner.
C. Parents should talk to each of their children frequently.
D. Elder children should help the younger ones at dinner.
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