题目
题型：山东省模拟题难度：来源：
technique that could help track the movements of criminal suspects or unidentified murder victims.
The method relies on measuring how chemical variations in drinking water show up in people"s hair.
"You"re what you eat and drink, and that"s recorded in your hair," said Thure Cerling, a geologist at
the University of Utah.
While U.S diet is relatively identical, water supplies vary. The differences result from weather patterns. The chemical composition of rainfall changes slightly as rain clouds move.
Most hydrogen and oxygen atoms in water are stable, but traces of both elements are also present as
heavier isotopes (同位素). The heaviest rain falls first. As a result, storms that form over the Pacific
deliver heavier water to California than to Utah.
Similar patterns exist throughout the U.S. By measuring the proportion of heavier hydrogen and
oxygen isotopes along a strand of hair, scientists can construct a geographic timeline. Each inch of hair
corresponds to about two months.
Cerling"s team collected tap water samples from 600 cities and constructed a map of the regional
differences. They checked the accuracy of the map by testing 200 hair samples collected from 65 barber
shops. They were able to accurately place the hair samples in broad regions roughly corresponding to
the movement of rain systems.
"It"s not good for pinpointing (精确定位)," Cerling said. "It"s good for eliminating many possibilities."
Todd Park, a local detective, said the method has helped him learn more about an unidentified woman whose skeleton was found near Great Salt Lake.
The woman was 5 feet tall. Police recovered 26 bones, a T-shirt and several strands of hair.
When Park heard about the research, he gave the hair samples to the researchers.
Chemical testing showed that over the two years before her death, she moved about every two
months.
She stayed in the Northwest, although the test could not be more specific than somewhere between
eastern Oregon and western Wyoming.
"It"s still a substantial area," Park said "But it narrows it way down for me."
B. A person"s hair may reveal where they have lived.
C. Hair analysis accurately identifies criminal suspects..
D. The chemical composition of hair varies from person to person.
B. Food and drink preferences vary with individuals.
C. Food and drink leave traces in one"s body tissues.
D. Food and drink are essential to one"s existence.
B. The water it delivers becomes lighter when it moves inland.
C. Its chemical composition is less stable than in other areas.
D. It gathers more light isotopes as it moves eastward.
B. It helps the police determine where a crime is committed.
C. It helps the police narrow down possibilities in detective work.
D. It helps identify the drinking habits of the person under investigation.
答案
核心考点
试题【阅读理解。 Scientists have devised a way to determine roughly where a person has 】；主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
It is not that newspapers are a necessity. Even now some people get most of their news from television or
radio. Many buy a paper only on Saturdays or Sundays. But for most people,reading a newspaper has
become a habit passed down from generation to generation.
The nature(特征) of what is news may change. What basically makes news is what affects our
lives-the big political stories,the coverage(报道) of the wars,earthquakes and other disasters,will
continue much the same. I think there will be more coverage of scientific research,though,the research
happening in areas that may directly affect our lives,like genetic(基因) engineering. In the future,I think
there will be more coverage of scientific explanations of why we feel as we do-as we develop a better
understanding of how the brain operates and what our feelings really are.
It"s quite possible that in the next century,newspapers will be transmitted (传输)electronically from
the Fleet Street and printed out in our own home. In fact,I"m pretty sure how it will happen in the future.
You will probably be able to choose from a menu and make up your own newspaper by picking out the
things you want to read-say,sports,international news,ect.
I think people have got it wrong when they talk about competition between the different media. They
actually feed-off(依靠) each other. Some people once foresaw(预见) that television would kill off
newspapers,but that hasn"t happened. What is read on the printed page lasts longer than pictures flashed
up on a screen or sounds lost in the air. And as for the Internet,it"s never really pleasant to read something
just on a screen.
B. The Changes of Media
C. Make Your Own Newspaper
D. The Future of Newspaper
B. newspapers will not be printed in publishing houses any longer
C. newspapers will cover more scientific research
D. more and more people will read newspapers
B. A menu of important news.
C. The most important news.
D. What you are interested in.
庭的) DNA testing so that an individual can be identified by a single cell.
Ian Findlay, from the Australian Genome Research Facility at the University of Queensland, said
current DNA testing required 200 to 500 cells to gain a similar level of accuracy. "What we have done
has brought that down to one cell," Dr Findlay said after releasing details of his DNA testing technique
at a Sydney conference.
The technology could allow investigators to pick up DNA identities from plastic cards and even build
up a complete history of the people who have handled a paper document.
"You"d have to wear a space suit to stop yourself from leaving traces. You can identify cells on the
paper, so you can work out where it"s come from and who"s touched it," he said.
The technique could also be used to trace the thrower of a punch (打孔) from cells left behind on the
skin of their victim. Even the wearing of latex(橡胶)gloves would not help: small cells can pass through
the gloves, and the constant flow of genetic material given off by the human body would leave further
evidence.
"We gained a skin cell from a document dating back 30 years and managed to gain a DNA
fingerprint. DNA evidence can remain fresh for decades, perhaps even centuries," Dr Findlay said. "The
potential for this technology to solve unsolved crimes is great, "he said.
But Dr Findlay, named scientist of the year in 1998 by the European Society of Human Genetics, said
the new testing needed to be scientifically validated, which would take up to five years.
He said, "There are serious consequences taking on technologies too early. The public has to be sure
that they have the utmost confidence in the security and court systems."
B. a single cell can identify an individual
C. a higher level of accuracy can be acquired with a single cell
D. it needs less than 200 cells to gain a certain level of accuracy
B. imagined good
C. supposed commonly
D. criticized strongly
B. make the process of DNA testing much more simplified
C. help to pick up DNA identities more easily
D. be widely used in five years at most
B. the public have acknowledged the new testing technology
C. it is safe to put the new technology into use now
D. Dr Findlay is quite sure of his new technology
B. inform us of the wide use of DNA testing
C. report a piece of interesting news
D. tell us a recent improvement in DNA testing
wife of previous Prime Minister Tony Blair, said that she would prepare a packed lunch for her son if
school dinners do not improve. So what do students of your age eat for lunch at school?
Japan
High schools have canteens (食堂), which serve everything from noodles to rice, but no hamburger
and chips. Other children bring food from home such as cold rice balls, meat or fish, pickles (泡菜) and
vegetables. Students take home a menu for the coming month containing notes on nutrition (营养) value.
Twice a year parents are invited to have a taste of the food. The class with the fewest leftovers (剩饭) at
the end of the month receives a prize.
Untied States
A typical menu from a US school is made up of a hamburger with fried potatoes or roast chicken,
lettuce and pickles, fruit and cookies. School lunches must also provide at least one-third of the daily
dietary allowances (定量) of protein, vitamin A, vitamin C, iron, calcium, and calories.
Australia
Meat pies, sausage rolls and hotdogs are all traditional dishes in Australian school shops. But as the
nation pays more attention to children"s health, healthier foods have started to find their way onto school
menus. Many schools have used a "traffic light system". The sale of red-labelled foods, including cakes,
chocolate and soft drinks, is served only twice a week. Healthier green-labelled foods such as sushi (寿司), sandwiches, corn and watermelon, however, are available every day. In some schools, students
have a choice of up to 89 foods to choose from, including popcorn and rice.
South Africa
Most of South Africa"s schools do not serve meals at all. Classes end at 1:30 pm and students get
their own lunches. Many students bring food from home, usually sandwiches.
Fast food and fried food sell the best among students, which has led to a rise in obesity among
children. But as more people began to realize the fact that being too fat may cause different diseases,
some schools in towns have led the way towards better nutrition. Now students at these schools are
provided with lunches of porridge with vegetables, such as cabbages, onions, beans, carrots and
tomatoes.
B. Addiction
C. Food shortage
D. Overweight.
B. most of the students in South Africa eat their lunch at home.
C. many schools in Australia have traffic lights outside their school.
D. you can have whatever you like in school canteens in Japan.
B. Schools serve different foods from country to country.
C. Schools should supply the students with the best food.
D. School children all over the world dislike their school food.
B. schoolmasters
C. nutritionists
D. students of your age
Scientists have found the gene that determines skin color.
The gene comes in two versions, one of which is found in 99 per cent of Europeans.The other is found
in 93 t0 100 per cent of Africans, researchers at Pennsylvania State University report in the latest issue of Science.
Scientists have changed the color of a dark - striped zebrafish (斑马鱼) to uniform gold by inserting a
version of the pigment (色素) gene into a young fish.As with humans, zebrafish skin color is deter-mined
by pigment cells,which contain melanin (黑色素).The number, size and darkness of melanin perpigment
cell determine skin color.
It appears that, like the golden zebrafish, light - skinned Europeans also have a mutation (变异) in the
gene for melanin production.This results in less pigrnented skin.
However, Keith Cheng, leader of the research team, points out that the mutation is different in hu-man
ancl zebrafish genes.
Humans acquired dark skin in Africa about l.5 million years ago to protect bodies from ultra - violetrays of the sun. which can cause skin cancer.
But when modem humans leave Africa to live in northem latitudes, they need more sunlight on their
skin to produce vitamin D. So the related gene changes, according to Cheng.
Asians have the same version of the gene as Africans, so they probably acquired their light skin through the action of some other gene that affects skin color, said Cheng.
The new discovery could lead to medical treatments for skin cancer.lt also could lead to research in-to ways to change skin color without damaging it like chemical treatment did on Michael Jackson.
B. prove the humans" skin color is determined by the pigment gene
C. find out the reason why the Africans" skin color is dark
D. fincl out the ways of changing people"s skin color
caused by the chemical treatment
B. Europeans and Africans have the same gene
C. the new discovery could help to find medical treatments for skin cancer
D. there are two kinds of genes
B. the new discovery could lead to research into ways to change skin color safely
C. pop king Michael Jackson often changed his skin color as he liked
D. people can not change their skin color without any pain
B. light - skinned Europeans have mutation in the gene for melanin production
C. they have fewer activities outside
D. they pay much attention to protecting their skin
B. negative
C. indifferent
D. positive
same time. This sounds incredible,but Alex Waibel,a computer science professor at US"s Car-negie
Mellon University (CMU) and Germany"s University of Karlsruhe,announced last week that it may soon
be reality. He and his team have invented software and hardware that could make it far easier forpeople
who speak different languages to understand each other.
One application,called Lecture Translation,can easily translate a speech from one language into
an-other. Current translation technologies typically limit speakers to certain topics or a limited vocabulary. Us-ers also have to be trained how to use the programme.
Another machine can send translations of a speech to different listeners depending on what
languagethey speak. "It is like having a simultaneous translator right next to you but without disturbing the
person next to you,"Waibel said
Prefer to read? So- called Translation Glasses transcribe(转录) the translations on a tiny
liquid-crystal display(LCD) screen.
Then there"s the Muscle Translator. Electrodes capture the electrical signals from facial muscle
movements made naturally when a person is mouthing words. The signals are then translated into speech.
The electrodes could be replaced with wireless chips implanted in a person"s face,according to
research-ers.
During a demonstration held last Thursday in CMU"s Pittsburgh campus,a Chinese student named
Sang Jun had 11 tiny electrodes attached to the muscles of his cheeks,neck and throat. Then he
mouthed-without speaking aloud- a few words in Mandarin (普通话) to the audience. A few seconds
later,the phrase was displayed on a computer screen and spoken out by the computer in English and
Spanish: "Let me introduce our new prototype."
This particular instrument,when fully developed,might allow anyone to speak in any number of
lan-guages or,as Waibel put it,"to switch your mouth to a foreign language". "The idea behind the
universi-ty"s prototypes is to create"good enough" bridges for cross- cultural exchanges that are
becoming more common in the world,"Waibel said.
With spontaneous(自发的) translators, foreign drivers in Germany could listen to traffic warnings on
the radio; tourists in China could read all the signs and talk with local people;leaders of different
coun-tries could have secret talks without any interpreters there.
B. There is no Muscle Translator in the world now.
C. Muscle Translators can translate what you think into speech if you just move your mouth.
D. A lecture translation can translate what you said into other languages easily.
B. happening by itself.
C. similar in size.
D. Similar in quality.
B. To help students learn foreign languages more easily.
C. To make people live in foreign countries more comfortably.
D. To help people learn more foreign languages in the future.
B. The translator is becoming more and more common in the world as a bridge.
C. With the help of the translator,you only need to open your mouth when you want to say
something without saying the exact words at all.
D.The translator needs to be improved before being put into market.
B. A magazine on science.
C. A fairy tale.
D. A scientific fantasy book.
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