题目
题型：浙江省期末题难度：来源：
cross London Bridge?
It sounds far-fetched, but it"s possible - if one of your coats is equipped with a tiny radio-frequency
identification device (RFID), your location could be revealed without you knowing about it.
RFIDs are chips that use radio waves to send data to a reader - which in turn can be connected to the
web.
This technology is just one of the current ways of allowing physical objects to go online - a concept
called the "Internet of thin
gs", which industry insiders have shortened to IoT. This is when not only your PC, tablet and smartphone can connect to the web, but also your car, your
home, your baseball cap and even the sheep and cows on a farm.
Smart buildings and intelligent cars with assigned IP addresses are already making cities smarter - and
soon enough, the entire planet may follow.
"A typical city of the future in a full IoT situation could be a place with smart cameras everywhere,
neurosensors (神经监测系统) scanning your brain for over-activity in every street," says Rob van
Kranenburg, a member of the European Commission"s IoT expert group.
This vision might still be years off, but one by one, "smarter" cities are beginning to crop up around our
landscape.
IoT advocates claim that overall interconnectivity would allow us to locate and monitor everything,
everywhere and at any time.
"Imagine a smart building where a manager can know how many people are inside just by which
rooms are reflecting motion - for instance, via motion-sensitive lights," says Constantine Valhouli from
the Hammersmith Group, a strategy consulting firm.
"This could help save lives in an emergency."
But as more objects go into the digital world, the fine line that separates the benefits of increasingly
smart technology and possible privacy concerns becomes really blurred.
"The IoT challenge is likely to grow both in scale and complexity as seven billion humans are
expected to coexist with 70 billion machines and perhaps 70,000 billion "smart things", with numbers
invading the last fences of personal life," says Gerald Santucci, head of the networked enterprise and
RFID unit at the European Commission.
"In such a new context, the worries increase: to what extent can monitoring of people be accepted?
Which principles should govern the deployment of theIoT?"
1. The first paragraph is used to ________.
A. introduce a new kind of jeans to readers
B. arouse readers" interest in the RFID
C. draw readers" attention to the new jeans
D. set an example of using the RFID
2. The underlined phrase "crop up" in Para. 8 can be replaced by "______".
A. appear
B. cooperate
C. develop
D. change
3. What can we know about IoT?
A. A typical city in a full IoT situation has come into reality.
B. The application of IoT may invade people"s privacy.
C. The technology of IoT has saved lives in an emergency.
D. IoT has been largely used in many cities.
4. If this text continues, what would be discussed next?
A. Solutions of defending people"s privacy.
B. The development of the IoT.
C. The control on monitoring.
D. Smart technology"s disadvantages.
答案
核心考点
试题【阅读理解 What if those new jeans you"ve just bought start tweeting(吱吱地叫) about y】；主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
地考察). Such tools for excavation produce rapid results and cause no damage to archaeological sites.
They are highly accurate and usually cost
effective. Here are three of the modern archeologist"s most trusted remote-sensing tools.
As the simplest of the remote-sensing techniques that archeologists use, aerial (空中的) photography
allows experts to see aspects of a site that may be invisible from the ground, such as the way in which
something such as a town, garden, or building is arranged and traces of old walls and roads. The
technique involves taking photographs with conventional cameras and filming from airplanes, helicopters,
hot-air balloons, or other airborne vehicles.
Geographic Information System (GIS) contains a large amount of field data archeologists typically
collect in and around excavation sites. While in the field, archeologists use GIS on their computers to
make and manage detailed site maps, and they can combine the results of remote-sensing tests with maps of the region created with the aid of Global Positioning System. Resulting maps sort the most
archeologically promising areas and display these sites three-dimensionally.
Ranging in size from small handheld models that one places against the ground to larger ones that one
drags across a site, Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) devices use low-power radio waves to detect
changes underground. Unlike traditional radar, which broadcasts into the air and uses a dish to focus the
returned waves, GPR uses a small but sensitive receiver placed directly against the ground. Depending
on their needs, archeologists can adjust radio frequencies upward for shallow sites or downward for
deeper areas, though GPR devices produce the greatest definition (清晰度) when reading depths of
three feet or less.
1. We can learn from the text that the remote-sensing tools .
A. will replace traditional archeological tools
B. are more difficult to use than traditional tools
C. have been widely and efficiently used in archeology
D. help archaeologists discover more archaeological sites
2. Aerial photography is helpful .
A. in seeing what can"t be seen on the ground
B. in analyzing how old an archaeological site is
C. in reflecting the changes of an archaeological site
D. in taking large-sized photos of an archaeological site
3. Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) devices are different from traditional radar in that .
A. their sizes are completely different
B. traditional radar uses low-power radio waves
C. the length of waves they send out is different
D. GPR devices can detect changes underground
4. Archeologists can get a detailed site map by .
A. aerial photography
B. Geographic Information System
C. Global Positioning System
D. Ground Penetrating Radar
hours of sleep a night. People were amazed that former British Prime Minister had managed to run the
country on so little sleep. Most people need at least seven or eight hours rest every night.
But now scientists have discovered a gene(基因)that affects the amount of sleep we need and which
allows some people to survive on fewer hours. They found a mother and a daughter who have a rare
gene that allows them to sleep less
than the rest of their family -but still feel alert during the day. The pair managed to stay alert on about six hours sleep a night, two hours less than the rest of their family needs.
The finding, published in Science magazine, offers a new direction for studies on how sleep affects
health. Experts say adults need seven to nine hours of sleep for good health, while teenagers and kids
need more. People who don’t get enough sleep are more likely to get sick and suffer from memory loss.
In 2001,scientists at the University of California discovered a mutation(突变)in a
gene that causes people with that gene to have very unusual sleeping patterns. These people go to bed around 7:30 pm
and wake around 3:30 am.
Now the team has found a gene that affects how long a person can stay asleep. In the family they
studied, the 69-year-old mother and her 44-year-old daughter usually went to bed around 10 pm. The
mother woke up around 4 am, and her daughter woke up around 4:30 am. Both of them felt fully rested.
Blood tests showed the women have a mutation in a gene named DEC2, which regulates the body"s
clock.
Researcher Ying-Hui Fu bred(培育) mice and fruit flies to carry the mutation. The flies and mice with
the mutation slept less than ordinary flies and mice, and needed less time to recover from little sleep.
B. Different people have different sleeping patterns.
C. New measures can reduce the effect of less sleep on health.
D. The hours we need to sleep may be affected by some gene in our body.
B. wide awake
C. quite alive
D. sleepy
B. were asked to sleep less than other family members
C. had the same sleeping pattern as other family members
D. suffered from memory loss for sleeping only six hours a night
B. cure sleeping problems
C. get rid of mice and fruit flies more easily
D. explain why some people need less sleep to feel fully rested
winner.Like a border conflict between neighboring countries, the parentteen war is about boundaries:
Where is the line between what I control and what you do?
Both sides want peace, but neither feels it has any power to stop the conflict.In part, this is because
neither is willing to admit any responsibility for starting it.From the parents" point of view, the only cause
of their fight is their adolescents" complete unreasonableness.And of course, the_teens_see_it_in_exactly_
the_same_way, _except_oppositely.Both feel trapped.
In this article, I"ll describe three nowin situations that commonly arise between teens and parents and
then suggest some ways out of the trap.The first nowin situation is quarrels over unimportant things.
Examples include the color of the teen"s hair, the cleanliness of the bedroom, the preferred style of
clothing, the child"s failure to eat a good breakfast before school, or his tendency to sleep until noon on
the weekends.Second, blaming.The goal of a blaming battle is to make the other admit that his bad
attitude is the reason why everything goes wrong.Third, needing to be right.It doesn"t matter what the
topic is-politics, the laws of physics, or the proper way to break an egg-the point of these arguments is
to prove that you are right and the other person is wrong, for both wish to be considered an
authority-someone who actually knows something-and therefore to command respect.Unfortunately, as
long as parents and teens continue to assume that they know more than the other, they"ll continue to fight
these battles forever and never make any real progress.
1. Why does the author compare the parentteen war to a border conflict?
A. Both can continue for generations.
B. Both are about where to draw the line.
C. Neither has any clear winner.
D. Neither can be put to an end.
2. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 2 mean?
A. The teens blame their parents for starting the conflict.
B. The teens agree with their parents on the cause of the conflict.
C. The teens accuse their parents of misleading them.
D. The teens tend to have a full understanding of their parents.
3. Parents and teens want to be right because they want to ________.
A. give orders to the other
B. know more than the other
C. gain respect from the other
D. get the other to behave properly
4. What will the author most probably discuss in the paragraph that follows?
A. Causes for the parentteen conflicts.
B. Examples of the parentteen war.
C. Solutions for the parentteen problems.
D. Future of the parentteen relationship.
One showed that adults are much more cooperative if they work in a system based on rewards.
Researchers at Harvard University in the United States and the Stockholm School of Economics in
Sweden did the study.
They had about two hundred college students play a version of the game known as the Prisoner"s
Dilemma. The game is based on the tension between the interests of an individual and a group. The
students played in groups of four. Each player could win points for the group, so they would all gain
equally. But each player could also reward or punish each of the other three players, at a cost to the
punisher. Harvard researcher David Rand says the most successful behavior proved to be cooperation.
The groups that rewarded it the most earned about twice as much in the game as the groups that
rewarded it the least. And the more a group punished itself, the lower its earnings. The group with the
most punishment earned twentyfive percent less than the group with the least punishment. The study
appeared last month in the journal Science.
The other study involved children. It was presented last month in California at a conference on
violence and abuse. Researchers used intelligence tests given to two groups. More than eight hundred
children were aged two to four the first time they were tested. More than seven hundred children were
aged five to nine. The two groups were retested four years later, and the study compared the results
with the first test. Both groups contained children whose parents used physical punishment and children
whose parents did not.
The study says the IQs of the younger children who were not spanked were five points higher than
those who were. In the older group, the difference was almost three points. The more they are
spanked, the slower their mental development is.
1. According to the first study, we mainly infer that________.
A. the game is called Prisoner"s Dilemma
B. the less a group punished itself, the lower its earnings
C. adults are much more cooperative if rewarded
D. the game is introduced in the journal Science
2. Which of the following is TRUE according to the second study?
A. Children"s IQs have much to do with physical punishment.
B. The study is about violence and abuse of children.
C. The children tested were divided into groups of four.
D. Children"s mental development only relies on their IQs.
3. What does the underlined word "spanked" refer to?
A. Punished.
B. Blamed.
C. Tested.
D. Praised.
4. What might be the best title for the text?
A. The Best Way to Correct Misbehavior
B. Punishment Is the Best Way of Education
C. Cooperation Is the Most Successful Behavior
D. Punishment or Reward: Which Works Better on Behavior?
old.
More and more companies are beginning to create products and services for tweenagers. The
Disney company sells music and film to tweenagers and their parents. You can get everything from
branded lunchboxes and mobile phone covers, to monthly fan magazines and clothing. It"s all about sales, which suggests that tweenagers must have more money, freedom and influence upon their parents than
they"ve ever had before.
Most kids in the UK today get more pocket money than kids did a decade ago.Parents have more
money to give their kids than previously, since parents are having fewer children. In addition, the divorce
rate in the UK is continually rising and parents spend less time with their children than they used to, so
many parents try to compensate by buying presents for their children. It"s a bad habit for both parents
and kids to get into, but parents are under constant pressure from commercial marketing and the pleas
of their children.
UK kids today are very media and computer literate. A lot of kids have a TV, if not a computer, in
their bedrooms. They have access to much more information about life and the world. They may have
experienced a lot in life as well, since 24% of UK kids live in singleparent families, so people now say
that "kids are getting older younger". With such maturity at such a young age, it"s no wonder tweenagers
are able to influence their parents and have more freedom than previous generations.
UK tweenagers never used to be worried about spending money on clothes. That"s changed. Now,
they are much more fashion conscious and concerned about their image. Many tweenagers outgrow the
bright colours and fashions of their tweenage years and go for something darker and more rebellious.
Surely none of the above is a good thing. The UK government is certainly concerned, and for that reason
has strict laws preventing companies from explicitly marketing their products and services at children.
B. Because children have more money to buy them.
C. Because it is better to study music from an early age.
D. Because more companies are creating products and services.
B. parents have more expectation of kids
C. more and more parents divorce nowadays
D. kids know how to make money
B. they know more information than kids before
C. they become mature at a younger age
D. they have a lot of experience in life
B. To introduce a new phenomenon.
C. To urge parents to care about their kids.
D. To blame today’s young people.
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